抗拉强度与硬度.doc

抗拉强度与硬度对照表抗拉强度与硬度对照表抗拉强度N/mm2维氏硬度布氏硬度洛氏硬度抗拉强度N/mm2维氏硬度布氏硬度洛氏硬度RmHVHBHRBRmHVHBHRB2508076112535033335.52708580.7111536034236.62859085.2119037035237.73059590.2122038036138.832010095125539037139.833510599.8129040038040.8350110105132041039041.8370115109135042039942.7380120114138543040943.6400125119142044041844.5415130124145545042845.3430135128148546043746.1450140133152047044746.9465145138155548045647480150143159549046648.4490155147163050047549.1510160152166551048549.8530165156170052049450.5545170162174053050451.1560175166177554051351.7575180171181055052352.3595185176184556053253610190181188057054253.6625195185192058055154.1640200190195559056154.7660205195199560057055.2675210199203061058055.7690215204207062058956.3705220209210563059956.8720225214214564060857.3740230219218065061857.875523522366058.377024022820.367058.878524523321.368059.280025023822.269059.782025524223.170060.1835260247247206185026525224.874061.886527025725.676062.588027526126.478063.390028026627.18006491528527127.882064.793029027628.584065.395029528029.286065.996530028529.888066.49953102953190067103032030432.292067.5106033031433.394068109534032334.4* 洛氏 HRBDC01=65DC03=55DC04=50硬度试验是机械性能试验中最简单易行的一种试验方法。为了能用硬度试验代替某些机械性能试验，生产上需要一个比较准确的硬度和强度的换算关系。实践证明，金属材料的各种硬度值之间，硬度值与强度值之间具有近似的相应关系。因为硬度值是由起始塑性变形抗力和继续塑性变形抗力决定的，材料的强度越高，塑性变形抗力越高，硬度值也就越高。洛氏硬度中HRA、HRB、HRC的区别 所谓的各种硬度，是根据硬度的等级，采用不同的测量办法测到的数值，根据一些标准的整理，供参考，详细请读标准 布氏硬度（HB） 以一定的载荷（一般3000kg）把一定大小（直径一般为10mm）的淬硬钢球压入材料表面，保持一段时间，去载后，负荷与其压痕面积之比值，即为布氏硬度值（HB），单位为公斤力/mm2 (N/mm2)。 洛氏硬度（HR） 当HB450或者试样过小时，不能采用布氏硬度试验而改用洛氏硬度计量。它是用一个顶角120的金刚石圆锥体或直径为1.59、3.18mm的钢球，在一定载荷下压入被测材料表面，由压痕的深度求出材料的硬度。根据试验材料硬度的不同，分三种不同的标度来表示： 洛氏硬度的测量方法有三种: 1)HRA,用带金刚石的压头,负荷60公斤的测量值; 2)HRC,负荷150公斤的测量值; 3)HRB,用带1/16寸钢球压头,负荷100公斤的测量值. 维氏硬度（HV） 以120kg以内的载荷和顶角为136的金刚石方形锥压入器压入材料表面，用材料压痕凹坑的表面积除以载荷值，即为维氏硬度值（HV） 洛氏硬度中HRA、HRB、HRC的区别 洛氏硬度中HRA、HRB、HRC等中的A、B、C为三种不同的标准，称为标尺A、标尺B、标尺C。 洛氏硬度试验是现今所使用的几种普通压痕硬度试验之一，三种标尺的初始压力均为98.07N(合10kgf)，最后根据压痕深度计算硬度值。标尺A使用的是球锥菱形压头，然后加压至588.4N(合60kgf)；标尺B使用的是直径为1.588mm(1/16英寸)的钢球作为压头，然后加压至980.7N(合100kgf)；而标尺C使用与标尺A相同的球锥菱形作为压头，但加压后的力是1471N(合150kgf)。因此标尺B适用相对较软的材料，而标尺C适用较硬的材料。 实践证明，金属材料的各种硬度值之间，硬度值与强度值之间具有近似的相应关系。因为硬度值是由起始塑性变形抗力和继续塑性变形抗力决定的，材料的强度越高，塑性变形抗力越高，硬度值也就越高。但各种材料的换算关系并不一致硬度換算公式: 1.肖氏硬度(HS)=勃式硬度(BHN)/10+12 2.肖式硬度(HS)=洛式硬度(HRC)+15 3.勃式硬度(BHN)= 洛克式硬度(HV) 4.洛式硬度(HRC)= 勃式硬度(BHN)/10-3 硬度測定範圍: HS100HB500HRC70HV450或者试样过小时，不能采用布氏硬度试验而改用洛氏硬度计量。它是用一个顶角120的金刚石圆锥体或直径为1.59、3.18mm的钢球，在一定载荷下压入被测材料表面，由压痕的深度求出材料的硬度。根据试验材料硬度的不同，分三种不同的标度来表示： HRA：是采用60kg载荷和钻石锥压入器求得的硬度，用于硬度极高的材料(如硬质合金等)。 HRB：是采用100kg载荷和直径1.58mm淬硬的钢球，求得的硬度，用于硬度较低的材料(如退火钢、铸铁等)。 HRC：是采用150kg载荷和钻石锥压入器求得的硬度，用于硬度很高的材料(如淬火钢等)。3 .维氏硬度(HV) 以120kg以内的载荷和顶角为136的金刚石方形锥压入器压入材料表面，用材料压痕凹坑的表面积除以载荷值，即为维氏硬度HV值(kgf/mm2)。HK=139.54P/L2。式中：HK努普硬度，Mpa；P荷重，kg；L凹坑对角线长度，mm。我国和欧洲各国采用维氏硬度，美国则采用努普硬度。兆帕（MPa）是显微硬度的法定计量单位，而kg/mm2是以前常用的硬度计算单位。它们之间的换算公式为1kg/mm2=9.80665Mpa。洛氏硬度(HRC)、布氏硬度(HB)等硬度具体区别和换算硬度是衡量材料软硬程度的一个性能指标。硬度试验的方法较多，原理也不相同，测得的硬度值和含义也不完全一样。最常用的是静负荷压入法硬度试验，即布氏硬度HB、洛氏硬度HRA，HRB，HRC、维氏硬度HV，橡胶塑料邵氏硬度HA,HD等硬度其值表示材料表面抵抗坚硬物体压入的能力。而里氏硬度Hl、肖氏硬度HS则属于回跳法硬度试验，其值代表金属弹性变形功的大小。因此，硬度不是一个单纯的物理量，而是反映材料的弹性、塑性、强度和韧性等的一种综合性能指标。1.HRC含意是洛式硬度C标尺， 2.HRC和HB在生产中的应用都很广泛 3.HRC适用范围HRC 2067，相当于HB225650 若硬度高于此范围则用洛式硬度A标尺HRA。 若硬度低于此范围则用洛式硬度B标尺HRB。 布式硬度上限值HB650,不能高于此值。 4.洛氏硬度计C标尺之压头为顶角120度的金刚石圆锥，试验载荷为一确定值，中国标准是150公斤力。 布氏硬度计之压头为淬硬钢球HBS或硬质合金球HBW，试验载荷随球直径不同而不同，从3000到31.25公斤力。 5.洛式硬度压痕很小，测量值有局部性，须测数点求平均值，适用成品和薄片，归于无损检测一类。 布式硬度压痕较大，测量值准，不适用成品和薄片，一般不归于无损检测一类。 6.洛式硬度的硬度值是一无名数，没有单位。因此习惯称洛式硬度为多少度是不正确的。 布式硬度的硬度值有单位，且和抗拉强度有一定的近似关系。 7.洛式硬度直接在表盘上显示、也可以数字显示，操作方便，快捷直观，适用于大量生产中。 布式硬度需要用显微镜测量压痕直径，然后查表或计算，操作较繁琐。 8.在一定条件下，HB与HRC可以查表互换。 硬度试验是机械性能试验中最简单易行的一种试验方法。为了能用硬度试验代替某些机械性能试验，生产上需要一个比较准确的硬度和强度的换算关系。 实践证明，金属材料的各种硬度值之间，硬度值与强度值之间具有近似的相应关系。因为硬度值是由起始塑性变形抗力和继续塑性变形抗力决定的，材料的强度越高，塑性变形抗力越高，硬度值也就越高。钢铁硬度与强度近似换算KLQD=抗拉强度bMPa HRCHRAHR15NHR30NHR45NHVHB30D2d10,2d5,4d2.5mm碳钢铬钢铬钒钢铬镍钢铬钼钢铬镍钼钢铬锰硅钢超高强度钢不锈钢不分钢种洛氏硬度洛氏硬度表面洛氏硬度表面洛氏硬度表面洛氏硬度维氏硬度布氏硬度布氏硬度KLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDKLQDHRCHRAHR15NHR30NHR45NHVHB30D2d10、2d5、4d2.5mm碳钢铬钢铬钒钢铬镍钢铬钼钢铬镍钼钢铬锰硅钢超高强度钢不锈钢不分钢种洛氏硬度洛氏硬度表面洛氏硬度表面洛氏硬度表面洛氏硬度维氏硬度布氏硬度布氏硬度抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa抗拉强度bMPa19.568.540.318.62232224.057807487437927557897457592068.840.719.22262254.0379075775179776179675476720.56941.219.82292274.027997667598027688037647742169.341.720.4231227480977576780777581077378221.569.542.2212342323.9781978577681378281778279144.572.982.663.648.34294182.9914661426147514551448149114501478143314574573.282.964.148.94364242.97148814481498148014721516147415021457148045.573.483.264.649.54434302.9515101472152215051497154114981526148215044673.783.56550.14494362.93153314971547153115221567152215501508152946.573.983.765.550.74564422.9115561522157215571547159315471575153515554271.681.161.345.43993913.09136713221364134013361375134213621325134742.571.881.461.845.94053963.0713861341138513621357139713621385134513684372.181.762.346.54114013.05140513611407138513791420138414091366138943.572.48262.747.14174073.0314251382142914081402144314051432138714114472.682.363.247.74234133.0114451403145214311425146714271455141014344774.28465.951.24634492.89158115491597158415731620157316001563158147.574.584.366.451.84704552.8716061576162316121599164816001625159216084874.784.666.852.44784612.85163116051649164016261676162716521623163548.57584.967.3534854682.8316581635167516691654170416541679165516634975.385.267.753.64934742.8116861666170216981682173316831707168816925276.986.870.457.15431881187518871861191818701894188552.577.187.170.957.655119061920189319511903193019215377.487.471.358.2561193719551925198519381967195753.577.787.671.858.8570196819901974200519955477.987.972.259.45792000202520102045203449.575.585.568.254.25014812.7917141698173017281710176217121735172317225075.885.768.654.75094882.77174417311758175817391793174217651759175350.576.18669.155.34174942.75176717871790176918231773179517855176.386.369.555.95255012.731803181618211799185418041827181751.576.686.67056.55341841184518541830188618361860185159.580.990.476.965.6700262325516081.290.677.366.27132691260760.581.490.877.766.87266181.79178.167.373961.58291.278.667.97525779.589.474.862.86422326229357.579.889.675.263.4653238023415880.189.875.663.96642437239158.580.39076.164.5676249624435980.690.276.565.16882558249654.578.287.672.659.9589203320612048208720745578.588.473.160.55992066209820862131211555.578.788.673.561.160921772157567988.973.961.76202224220156.579.389.174.462.26312274224664.583.692.18171.28406583.992.281.371.785665.584.18726684.488966.584.7906678592367.585.29416885.595968.585.89786986.19971767.337.915.62112114.1573.670670577272675770372417.567.638.416.22142144.1374.47147127757317637117311867.838.916.82162164.1175372371977973776971973718.56839.317.42182184.097627317277837437767287441968.339.8182212204.077717397357887497827377526282.291.47968.476662.582.591.579.4697806382.891.779.869.579563.583.191.880.270.18106483.391.980.670.682569.586.310177086.610372772.447.327.52682633.7493789888689387789791089789527.572.747.828.12712663.72949909897902887907920908906287348.328.72742693.796192090991289791893091991728.573.348.729.32782733.679729329219229089309419319282973.549.229.92812763.6598494393393291994195194294024.571.14524.52522483.858818448338528308658438442571.445.525.12552513.8389285584386083887485385425.571.645.925.72582543.89038658538688478668828648642671.946.426.32612573.7891487686487685787689287587426.572.246.926.92642603.7692688787588486788690188588429.573.849.730.52852803.639979559469429319539629549513074.150.231.12982833.61100996795995394396697396696430.574.450.631.72922873.5910219799729649559789859789763174.751.132.32962913.56103499198597696799199699098931.574.951.632.93002943.5410471004999988980100510081003100134.576.754.436.53243183.41112710821088106910641092108610811085357754.8373293233.3911411095110410841079110811011095110035.577.255.337.63333273.371156110911201099109511251115110911153677.555.838.23383323.3411701124113611151111114111301123113136.577.856.238.83423363.321185113811531131112811581146113811473778.156.739.43473413.312001153117111481144117611611153116337.578.457.2403523453.281215116811881165116211941177116811803878.757.640.63573503.2612311184120611821179121211941184119738.57958.141.23623553.241246119912251200119712311211119312001214397079.358.641.83673603.2112631216124312191216125012281218121612323275.25233.53042983.521060101610131001993101810201015101532.575.552.534.13083023.51073102910271013100710321033102810283375.85334.73123063.4810861042104210271020104710461041104233.576.153.435.33163103.461100105510571040103510621059105410563476.453.935.93203143.4311131068107210541049107710731067107039.570.379.65942.43723653.1912791232126212381235127012461243123312504070.579.959.5433773703.17129612491282125712541290126412671250126840.570.880.26043.63823753.1512131267130212771274131012831291126812874171.180.560.444.23883803.13133112841322129812941331130213151286130741.571.380.860.944.83933853.1113481303134313191315135313221339130513272269.842.621.52372343.9582979478581978982579279922.57043.122.12402373.938398047948257978328028082370.343.622.72432403.9184981480383180584081281623.570.64423.32462423.898608248138388138488228252470.844.523.92492453.87870834823845821856832835序号洛氏硬度HRC洛氏硬度HRA表面洛氏硬度HR15N表面洛氏硬度HR30N表面洛氏硬度HR45N维氏硬度HV布氏硬度HB30D2布氏硬度d10、2d5、4d2.5mm抗拉强度bMPa 碳钢抗拉强度bMPa 铬钢抗拉强度bMPa 铬钒钢抗拉强度bMPa 铬镍钢抗拉强度bMPa 铬钼钢抗拉强度bMPa 铬镍钼钢抗拉强度bMPa 铬锰硅钢抗拉强度bMPa 超高强度钢抗拉强度bMPa 不锈钢抗拉强度bMPa 不分钢种4137.078.156.739.43473413.301200115311711148114411761161115311634237.578.457.240.03523453.281215116811881165116211941177116811804338.078.757.640.63573503.261231118412061182117912121194118411974438.579.058.141.23623553.2412461199122512001197123112111193120012144539.070.079.358.641.83673603.2112631216124312191216125012281218121612324639.570.379.659.042.43723653.1912791232126212381235127012461243123312504740.070.579.959.543.03773703.1712961249128212571254129012641267125012684840.570.880.260.043.63823753.1512131267130212771274131012831291126812874941.071.180.560.444.23883803.1313311284132212981294133113021315128613075041.571.380.860.944.83933853.1113481303134313191315135313221339130513275142.071.681.161.345.43993913.0913671322136413401336137513421362132513475242.571.881.461.845.94053963.0713861341138513621357139713621385134513685343.072.181.762.346.54114013.0514051361140713851379142013841409136613895443.572.482.062.747.14174073.0314251382142914081402144314051432138714115544.072.682.363.247.74234133.0114451403145214311425146714271455141014345644.572.982.663.648.34294182.9914661426147514551448149114501478143314575745.073.282.964.148.94364242.9714881448149814801472151614741502145714805845.573.483.264.649.54434302.9515101472152215051497154114981526148215045946.073.783.565.050.14494362.9315331497154715311522156715221550150815296046.573.983.765.550.74564422.9115561522157215571547159315471575153515556147.074.284.065.951.24634492.8915811549159715841573162015731600156315816247.574.584.366.451.84704552.8716061576162316121599164816001625159216086348.074.784.666.852.44784612.8516311605164916401626167616271652162316356448.575.084.967.353.04854682.8316581635167516691654170416541679165516636549.075.385.267.753.64934742.8116861666170216981682173316831707168816926649.575.585.568.254.25014812.7917141698173017281710176217121735172317226750.075.885.768.654.75094882.77174417311758175817391793174217651759175368