牛津英语8B-复习讲义.doc

南京学大教育教研中心Teaching and research Centre of Nanjing Xueda Education牛津英语8B Unit 1 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. used to do/be used to (doing) sth./get used to doing/be used to do基本含义用法辨析used to do “过去常常(做某事)”暗含现在已不再这样了be/ get used to “习惯于(做某事)”后跟名词、代词或动名词be used to do “被用来(做某事)”被动结构，相当于be used for doing【小试牛刀】1. He _ get up at six in the morning.2. Im still not _ the weather here in Beijing-Yes, the weather can get really cold in Beijing.3. He _ go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hesbarely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never _ this busy lifestyle.2. a bit/a bit of/ a little基本含义用法辨析a bit “稍微，有点”作程度副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词、比较级notabit=notatall, 意为“毫不”;a bit of “有点儿”后接不可数名词a little “稍微，有点”作程度副词,修饰动词、形容词、副词、比较级作形容词, 后接不可数名词notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”【小试牛刀】1. Willyoupleaseturndowntheradio_?2. Ivegotonly _ moneywithmetoday.ImafraidIcanthelpyou.3. repair/mend/fix基本含义用法辨析repair “修理,修补”多用于修理物体较庞大、构造较复杂而又损坏较严重的东西mend “修理,修补”一般指修理物体较小、结构较简单的日常用具、或缝补衣服等fix “修理,校准”美式英语，相当于repair【小试牛刀】1. He often_theradiojustforfun.2. Look! She_hershoes.3. -Haveyouhadyourwatch_? -Not yet.二、语法点拨现在完成时(1)1. 基本用法 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作，强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果，常与just, already, yet, notyet, recently等状语连用。 They have already cleaned the classroom. 他们已经把教室打扫干净。 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与so far, in the past few days (years), during the last three years,以及for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 The doctor has saved over two hundred peoples lives so far. 到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.过去几年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 We have lived here since 1976. 自从1976以来，我们一直住在这儿。 They have waited for more than two hours. 他们已经等了两个多小时了。【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响，侧重的是现在。试比较：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2. 动词构成 have/has+过去分词 过去分词的变化规则 (1) 规则变化：在动词原形后加ed构成口诀：直接加，去e加，双写加，变着加(2) 不规则变化（见规则动词表） 分类记忆：AAA型；AAB型；ABA型；ABB型；ABC型3. 句式变化【小试牛刀】 1.Theboy_(break)theglassyesterday. 2.Afterheturnedonthelight,he_(begin)todohishomework. 3.We_ (know)eachothersinceourboyhood. 4. -_you_(see)theEnglishfilmyet? -Yes.I_(see)itlastFriday. 5.Mr.Wang_(join)thePartyin1999.He_(be)aPartymemberforsevenyears.6.-Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.7. My father _ (read) the novel twice.8. I _ (buy) a book just now.9. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.10. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.三、交际用语谈论生活中的变化 My hometown has changed a lot in/during/over the past (few) years.= Great changes have taken place in my hometown in/during/over the past (few) years.= There have been great changes in/to my hometown in/during/over the past (few) years. The government has turned the place into a park. Things have changed a lot over the years. The changes to have brought many advantages , but they have also caused many problems for people. We always walked to school together in the morning. Now I come to school by bus on my own.牛津英语8B Unit 1 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1做（某方面的）历史课题do a history project (on )2在过去的100年当中over the past/last 100 years（常用于现在完成时=during/in the past/last 100 years3不同时代的交通方式transport at different times4过去曾经做某事used to do sth.5事实上in fact = actually 6从里搬出去move out of.7A娶了B或A嫁给了BA marry BA与B结婚了A and B get/be marriedA get/be married to B8变化很大change a lot/much9转变成turn into10噪音污染noise pollution11起飞、脱下take off12在某些方面in some ways13感到有点孤独feel a bit lonely = feel a little lonely14不时地；有时from time to time = sometimes=at times15对.很了解know very well16与某人进行面谈；采访某人have an interview with sb.17看见某人干某事（过程）see sb. do sth. （感官动词用法）看见某人正在干某事（动作）see sb. doing sth. （感官动词用法）18纠正错误correct the mistakes19采取措施减少污染take action to reduce the pollution20听说有关.hear about听说.hear of收到某人的来信hear from sb. = get/receive a letter from sb.21在过去in the past在现在；在目前at present = now22被使用；投入使用be in service = be in use23去度假go on holiday24不再（强调次数）no more = not any more25不再（强调时间）no longer = not any longer26独自on ones own = alone = (all) by oneself27向某人求助ask sb. for help 28示范给某人看如何做某事show sb how to do sth.29有同感have the same feeling 30我得说这是我见过的最好的模型。I must say this is the best model I have ever seen.牛津英语8B Unit 1 基础训练一、重点词组1. 事实上_ 2. 结婚_3. 搬到_4. 搬出_ 5. 变化很大_ 6. 在过去_7. 偶尔 _ 8. 变成 _ 9. 高兴_10. 噪音污染_ 11. 关闭_ 12. 起飞 _13. 在某些方面_ 14. 感到孤独_ 15. 一点点_二、句型结构1. We live together until 1960 when I got married.区分 until / notuntil1) 昨天我们等他一直等到九点钟。We waited for them _ nine oclock.2）他们直到写完作业才回家。They did _go home _ they finished their homework.2. I felt a bit lonely from time to time.区分 alone / lonely虽然爷爷一个人单独居住，但他并不感到孤独。My grandpa lives _, but he doesnt feel _.三、难点语法 现在完成时1) 含义：发生在过去的动作对目前产生了影响或结果。 动作从过去某个时刻开始发生并一直延续到现在。2) 构成：主语 +_ +_+其他I have cleaned the bedroom.He has listened to music for an hour. 3) 过去分词的构成原形过去式 过去分词原形过去式过去分词beginbegan begunrodemarriedcheckwentlandedchangebought4) 常见的与现在完成时连用的副词和短语already, yet, ever, never, just, recently, so far, since , for, over these years 选用适当的词填空 I have _ read the book, so I know nothing about it. Have you had lunch_? I have been here _ half an hour. Has she lived in Nanjing _she was born?5）完成下列各句 政府已经把这个地方变成了一个公园。The government _the place into a park. 他们还没有回来。They havent _. 你认识她有多久啦？ How long _you _her? 妈妈已经去图书馆了吗？_mum _the library? 我从未去过扎龙自然保护去。 I have never _Zhalong Natural Reserve.牛津英语8B Unit 2 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. include/including基本含义用法辨析include “包括,包含”及物动词，作谓语动词，后接宾语including “包括,包含”介词，一般用在逗号后面【小试牛刀】1. The price_ postage charges(邮费). 2. The band played many songs, _ some of my favourites.2. such as/for example/like基本含义用法辨析such as “例如”一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，后接名词for example “例如”举同类人或物中的一个为例，作插入语，可置于句首、句中或句末like “像”可与such as 转换【小试牛刀】 1. He has been to many countries, _ America, Japan and Germany.2. There are many difficulties in our study(研究), _, we are lack of (缺乏)money.二、语法点拨现在完成时(2)1. 短暂性（瞬间）动词 (1) 肯定句中，短暂性动词不能和表示一段的时间状语连用，例如：她买这辆车有一年了。【错误】She has bought the car for a year.【正确】She has had the car for a year.他的父亲离开中国已经10年了。【错误】His father has left China for 10 years.【正确】His father has been away from China for 10 years.这位男士自从1945年就入党了。【错误】The man has joined the Party since 1945.【正确】The man has been a Party member since 1945.【注意】经常这样使用的瞬间动词有：go, come, leave, borrow, join, die, lose, marry(结婚), begin, stop。当这些动词的完成时态需要与表示一段的时间状语连用时，其通常变化形式为：have gone(left ) - have been awayhave bought(borrowed) - have had (kept)have come - have been herehave died - have been deadhave joined-have been a member of/have been inhave began(started) have been on重要句型： Its（has been）+ 一段时间 + since 从句。 我丢那辆车有三天了。 It is (has been)three days since I lost the bike (=I lost the bike three days ago.) 电影开演十分钟了。It has been (is) ten minutes since the film began.(=The film began ten minutes ago.)(=The film has been on for 10 minutes.) 他们结婚二十年了。It has been 20 years since they were married.(=They got/were married 20 years ago.)(2) 否定句中，瞬间动词可与for和since时间状语连用。We havent seen each other for a long time. 我们有好长时间没有见面了。The mother hasnt heard from her son for 3 months. 这位母亲已有三个月没收到她儿子的信了。2. have (has) been to 和have (has)gone 的区别have (has) been to “去过，到过”(人已离开那里)，经常与ever, never, often, once, twice等用。have (has)gone to “去了”（人在途中或已在那里）。通常该句型只用于第三人称。Have you ever been to Guilin? 你去过桂林吗？She has been to America twice. 她去过美国两次。His father has gone abroad. 他的父亲出国了。The train has already gone.火车已经开走了。【小试牛刀】 1. I became a teacher in 2000.(同义句转换)I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2. The shop closed two hours ago. (同义句转换)The shop _ _ _ for _ _.3. The meeting finished six hours ago. (同义句转换)The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.4. They married in 1990. (同义句转换)They _ _ _since _.5. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 -Where is Jack? -He _ his country. John_England since he came back. How long_ have_ this village? The Smiths_ Beijing for years. -_you ever_America? -Yes, I_there many times.三、交际用语假日计划 -Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holiday, Amy?-Yes, Im planning to travel around abroad. -Where do you want to go? -Singapore. -How long do you want to stay? - About five days.牛津英语8B Unit 2 短语汇总1 到作一次旅行go on a trip to2 一定很有趣must be great fun3把带在身边bring sth with sb4旅游景点tourist attractions5 的象征a symbol of6去滑雪/远足go skiing/ hiking7看美丽的风景see the beautiful view8玩得很高兴have a fantastic time9整天the whole day10乘地铁by underground11在入口处at the entrance12高速运行move at high speed13对感兴趣be interested in14不停地拍照cant stop taking photos15下午晚些时候later in the afternoon16一天中最精彩的部分the best part of the day17向挥手致意wave to 18一路上all the way19在结束时at the end of20在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks21一共，总计in all22排队等候wait in line23一次有意义的经历a meaningful experience24一次真得令人高兴的假日a really delightful holiday25全年all year around26依次/轮流做某事take turns to do sth27计划出国旅游plan to travel abroad28希望做某事hope to do sth29 希望某人做某事wish sb to do sth30 飞往某地fly to 31 宜人的天气pleasant weather32 名胜古迹places of interest33 三个半小时three and a half hours= three hours and a half34 鸟瞰香港的景色have a birds-eye view of Hongkong35 一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的现代化城市a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening36 文化中心cultural centre牛津英语8B Unit 2 基础训练一、句型结构1. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天气与北京不同。在asas, not as/soas, the same as, be different from或形容词、副词的比较等级结构中，当主语为不可数名词时，后者用that代替。当主语是名词复数时，后者用those代替。Usually the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries. 这家店的服装比那家的贵。The _ in this shop _ more expensive than _ in that one.2. I was excited even though we had to wait for two hours.区分 be excited / be exciting All the people were _ when they heard the _ news.even though 即使即使天下雨,这些男孩子依然喜欢在操场上踢足球.The boys still like playing football on the playground _it rains.3. I couldnt stop taking photos.区分stop doing sth. / stop to do sth.1) 因为会议开始了, 所以我们停止了谈话. We stopped _ because the meeting began.2) 为什么不停下来休息一下呢? Why not stop _?二、中考真题1. Where is Jim? I want to play chess with him.He the computer room. You might find him there. A. has been to B. has gone to C. had been to D. had gone to2. has Liu Xiang taken part in world competitions?Ive no idea. Lets find it out on the Internet.A. How many times B. How long C. How soon D. How much3. My bike is missing. I cant find it anywhere. Im afraid you have to buy .A. it B. one C. any D. few4. I cant hear you (clear). Can you say it again?5. Where did you get the book?From the library. And I have it for two weeks. A. borrowed B. lent C. kept D. bought 6. The audience (拍手，鼓掌) their hands as the performers stepped on the stage.牛津英语8B Unit 3 复习讲义一、重点词汇1. asleep/sleepy/sleeping基本含义用法辨析asleep “睡着的”表语形容词，不能用在名词之前作定语sleepy “困倦的, 贪睡的”指人昏昏欲睡。既可作表语，又可作定语sleeping “睡着的”常作定语【小试牛刀】1. She was fast_. I couldnt wake her up2. Im_. I want to go to bed.3. Dont make any noise. There is a _ baby here.2. produce/make基本含义用法辨析produce “制造”可以是工业上的生产（通过制造而获得的产品）, 也可以表示生产粮食蔬菜、通过种植而获得的产品。主语可以是人，也可以是物make “生产;制作”可以是工业上的生产，主语多为人【小试牛刀】 1. They _ wheat and rice.2. Thefactory _ cars.3. Hangzhon is famous for _ silk.二、语法点拨被动语态(1)语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。例如：Many people play football. （主动语态）Football is played by many people. （被动语态）(1) 被动语态的构成被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成的，如果需强调动作或行为的发出者时，在其后接“by .”，意为“被”。这里be是助动词，必须与主语的人称和数相一致，并有时态的变化(be有时也可以使用get, become等词来代替)。(2) 被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be+过去分词+(by.)否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+(by.)一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by.)?特殊问句：疑问词+be+过去分词+(by.)?这里be决定了被动语态的时态，be后面的过去分词没有变化。(3) 被动语态的八种时态 一般现在时：am (is, are) + 过去分词Football is played all over the world. 足球运动遍及全世界。 一般过去时：was (were) + 过去分词These new books were published last month. 这些新书是上个月刚出版的。 一般将来时：will be+过去分词That film will be directed by Zhang Yimou. 那部电影将由张艺谋执导。 现在进行时：am (is, are)+being+过去分词A new free way from Beijing to Shanghai is being built now.一条从北京到上海的新的高速公路正在建设之中。 过去进行时：was (were)+being+过去分词The car wasnt being repaired by me then. 那时这辆车不是由我修的。 现在完成时：have (has) + been+过去分词Has the bridge in Yangzhou been built? 扬州的那座大桥建成了吗? 过去完成时：had + been+过去分词The bridge had been built by the end of 1998. 那座桥1998年年底以前就建好了。Supper had not been cooked when I got there last time. 上次我到那儿时，晚饭还没有做。 过去将来时：would + be+过去分词She told me that a new English teacher would be sent to our class in a week.她告诉我一周以后要给我们班派一位新的英语老师来。(4) 主动语态变为被动语态Bruce writes a letter every week.（主动语态）主语 谓语 宾语 状语A letter is written by Bruce every week. （被动语态）主语 谓语 补语 状语(5) 被动语态的基本用法 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustnt be taken away.阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。一些结构：It is believed that. 据信，大家相信It is known that. 众所周知It is supposed that. 大家认为It is suggested that. 据建议，有人建议It must be remembered that. 务必记住 It is reported that. 据报道例如：It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。三、交际用语1. 询问对方是否介意Would you mind washing the dishes?Would you mind not playing games?2. 请求帮助 -Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please? -Yes, of course. Do you know this programme can? Do you mind telling me how to?牛津英语8B Unit 3 短语汇总序号ChineseEnglish1我不知道。I have no idea. = I dont know.2的设计者the designer of.3查找/搜索信息search for information4通过收音机on/over the radio5编写电脑程序write computer programs6反对/介意(某人)做某事mind (ones) doing sth.7发送和接电子邮件send and receive e-mails8面世、出来、(花)开放come out9电视的一部分part of a TV10在同时at the same time11打开/开闭(电器)turn on/off调高/调低(音量)turn up/down12主要人物(主角)main character13躺在草地上lie on the grass14入睡(无意识)fall asleep15做了个奇怪的梦have a strange dream16获得足够的分数earn/get enough points17将带到某地去carry off to some place18扮演角色play the role of19花费某人时间做某事It take sb. some time to do sth.20通过测试你的英语知识by testing the knowledge of Englishif if 21发现是find sb/sth adj./n. (宾补)22卖完/被卖完sell out /be sold out23涉及很多主题cover many topics24一套光盘a set of CD-ROMs25存储信息store information26用来做某事use for doing sth. = use to do sth.被用来做某事be used for doing sth. =be used to do sth.习惯于做某事be used to doing sth.(过去)曾经做某事used to do sth.28把.保存在硬盘上keep on the hard disk29出现在屏幕上appear on the screen30将A连接到B上connect A to B将A与B连接起来connect A with B31(游戏等)背景被设定在地球上be set on Earth32重新始启动电脑restart the computer33总共10个问题a total of ten questions 34八小时内环球(旅行)around the world in eight hours35用亮紫色被标上记号be marked in bright purple36以.为开始start with = begin with37点击图标click on the icon38双击自动运行图标double click (on) the “auto-run” icon39感官动词用法听某人做某事listen to sb. do sth.听某人正在做某事listen to sb. doing sth.40在思想里(在脑海里)in the mind41举行一次作文比赛hold a writing competition 42计算机的不同用途different uses of computers牛津英语8B Unit 3 基础训练一、重点词组1. 问世_ 2. 用做标记_3. 同时_ 4. 由设计_5. 的设计师_ 6. 被售完_7. 躺在草地上_ 8. 睡着 _9. 被写在.上_ 10. 赢得一分_11. 挣到足够的分数_12. 带领某人到某地 _13.过关_ 14. 在.方面的知识_二、句型结构1. The questions get more difficult as you go to higher levels. 当你到更高的级别，问题就更难了。as连词，“当时，随着” The air will get fresher _ the mountain. （当你到达山顶时）2. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink