必修5 unit1 词汇导学案含答案.doc

必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists核心单词1. defeat vt.击败；打败；使（计划、希望）落空Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。He was defeated in his plan.他的计划失败了。易混辨析defeat/beat/win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team .打败对手/国家/团队win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏高手过招 选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） By not working hard enough you your own purpose.Who is the drum?He the first prize in the writing contest.答案:defeated 2.beating won2. attend v. 注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care=look after常用结构：attend school/college 上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting 听讲座/出席会议Well attend to the problem later. 稍后我们将关注这个问题。Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病?高手过招翻译句子 他们在我们不在时管理事务。 They attended our affairs during our absence. 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.3. exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常用结构：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露于be exposed to 暴露于Dont expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋/风吹。The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemys fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。 The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。 高手过招 用expose的适当形式填空（原创）In summer,_ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood,_ bare rock. 答案: being exposed to exposing 4. curevt.&n. 治愈，治疗；常用于“cure sb. of .”结构中。The doctor cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。拓展：动词+ sb+of sth. 小结 sb. of sth. 指控，指责某人某事 sb. of sth. 说服某人某事 sb. of sth. 治愈某人某事 sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事 sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 sb. of sth. 提醒某事某事 sb. of sth. 抢某人某事 sb. of sth 警告某人某事5. absorbvt. 吸收；吸引；使全神贯注；吸引（注意等），后常接介词in/by；联想拓展absorb from sth. 从中吸收be absorbed in 专心于，全神贯注于Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。 So many good ideas! Its too much for me to absorb all at once. 这么多好主意！我很难一下子完全吸收。The old man was completely absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入到这座城市中。 高手过招 完成句子 那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。_ ，the man walked into a wall.他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演，舍不得离开。They were _the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.答案：Deeply absorbed in the newspaperso deeply absorbed in watching 6. blame vt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；(过失、过错等)责任常用结构：blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人应受到谴责The student blamed the teacher for his failure. 学生因失败而责怪老师。The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。Who is to blame for the failure?谁该为这次的失败负责?温馨提示be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)高手过招 司机不知道谁应该为纵火负责。The diver didnt know who _ for starting the fire?9. put forward提出(意见、建议)；推荐；提名；将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你（提名让你）担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。Its an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down 写下put on weight 发福；长胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴put back 放回，送回10. make sense讲得通；有道理；有意义Your story doesnt make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的。联想拓展make sense of 理解；明白make no sense 没有道理；没有意义in a/one sense 从某种意义来说in no sense 绝不是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理。高手过招：1）这些指令没意义。 2）你能听懂他的话吗？ 重点句型1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“there be”结构。So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳：each time每次；每当 at the time在那个时候；（当）的时候 any/next/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.一吃完饭他就把收音机打开了。She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到了现场。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。高手过招（1）单项填空She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of test I know it.” （201001陕西师大附中检测）A. Because B. the momentC. After D. though （2）同义句转换 （原创）I gave Mary the money when I saw her.I gave Mary the money I saw her.解析： （1）选B。the moment意为“一就”，相当于as soon as。类似用法的连词还有: the minute/instant; instantly/immediately/directly等。(2)the minute/the moment2. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it .他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转此句中“with+宾语+宾语补足语(v.ing/v.ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”构成的复合结构在句中常用作状语，表示方式，原因或条件等。With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在这位老人的带领下，我们开始向森林进发。She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。高手过招翻译句子老师微笑着走进教室，身后跟着一群小朋友。 随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了。答案：With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.With the test finished, we began our holiday.词汇专项练习 一、单词拼写 1. This new e _for the car works well. 2. She has a strong c_. 3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_farming. 4. The doctor had my eyes e_for weakening. 5. The meeting c_at eight oclock. 6. They were d _ in their attempt（企图）to reach the top of the mountain. 7. The little brave girl e _ the crime（罪行）of the criminal（罪犯）。 8. He was a_in the book. 9. He b _ me for my negligence（疏忽大意）。 10. I think you are too s_ on the boy. 11. He finished his work in a_（积极的） way. 12. We must try to _（分析）the causes of the strike. 13. He became_（狂热的） about classical music. 14. He has_（完成）the whole job already. 15. In the factory the workers_（纺成线）wool into thread16. Be c_when you cross the street. 17. You should not r_the invitation from your old friend. 18. What is your v_on Chinese education？ 19. The police are watching the mans m_secretly. 20. The class needs a s_teacher. 21. Kindness is one of the prime ministers _（特征）。 22. Britain_（议定） a trade agreement with China. 23. Dont _（暴露） your skin to the sun or you will be burned. 24. The _（贵重的） culture relics will be on show in Guangzhou Art Museum in October. 25. The famous Korean play actor got an_（热情的） reception in Hong Kong. 26. The most important thing is not to admit _（失败） 27. Water and salt are _（吸收） into our blood stream everyday. 28. If a doctor or a medical treatment c_someones illness， they make the people well again. 29. A v_is a kind of germ that can cause disease. 30. If you a_something， you consider it carefully or use some methods in order to fully understand it. 二、短语翻译1.蒸汽机_ 2.提出 _ 3.得出结论_ 4.也，另外_ 5.将和连接起来_ 6.对严格的_ 7.有意义_ 8.通向，导致_ 9.态度，观点_ 10.继续工作_ 三、完成句子 1. 除了这些理由以外，他无话可说了 _ _these reasons， he said nothing. 2. 我们的英语老师对我们要求严格。 Our English teacher_ _ _us. 3.让我们一起去听来自北京大学的李教授的演讲 Lets _the lecture by professor Li from Beijing University. 4. 他的粗心大意的驾驶导致了这起严重的交通事故。 His careless driving _ _the serious traffic accident. 5. 他捐赠食物和衣服给红十字会。He _food and clothing _the Red Cross.四 选择1 He suggests we _ to the cinema at once, otherwise we _ late.A must go; are B go ; will be C will go ; will be D would go ; are 2 The writer _ his writing so that he forgot to have his lunch.A absorbed B was absorbed into C absorbed into D was absorbed in 3 The president _ the new economic policy.A announced B told C informed D promised 4 _ the injuries to his face, he broke both legs.A In addition to B Except C But D Except for 5 I dont understand what you are talking about, would you _ a little ?A explain you B express you C explain yourself D express yourself 6Before using the machine, you must _ carefully to these instructions .A join B join in C take part in D attend 7Only in this way _ to make progress with your English.A hoped B wished C liked D expected 8Who is _ the patient? Maybe his sister. A taking care B looking for C joining in D attending on 10Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed to her?- Yes,