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Part 2 Types of soillandslide滑坡 boulder漂石 cobble卵石gravelly sand砂石 coarse sand粗砂 medium sand中砂 fine sand细砂 silty sand粉土clayey soil粘性土 clay粘土silty clay粉质粘土sandy silt砂质粉土clayey silt粘质粉土 filled soil填土Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度low activity低活性strip footing条基 square spread footing方形独立基础 underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层（土） sustained load持续荷载 reduced load折算荷载 casing套管 clay fraction 粘粒粒组 subgrade路基 well-graded soil级配良好土 poorly-graded soil级配不良土 sieve筛子 modulus of compressibility压缩模量 coefficent of compressibility压缩系数compression index压缩指数swelling index回弹指数 geostatic stress自重应力 additional stress附加应力slip line滑移线 Part5 Excavation and dewatering of foundationdewatering降水 failure of foundation基坑失稳bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 retaining wall挡土墙 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布dewatering method降低地下水位法vacuum well point真空井点 braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑开挖 braced sheeting支撑挡板Part 6 Deep foundation cast in-place pile灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 caisson foundation沉井（箱 )diaphragm地下连续墙 end-bearing pile端承桩 pile cap承台 bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力low pile cap低桩承台 high-rise pile cap高桩承台 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力silent piling静压桩 uplift pile抗拔桩 anti-slide pile抗滑桩 efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（） dynamic pile testing桩基动测 final set最后贯入度 dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 pile integrity test桩的完整性试验pile head=butt桩头 pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） pile spacing桩距 group action群桩作用 end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 pile cushion桩垫 pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）pile pulling test拔桩试验 pile shoe桩靴 pile noise打桩噪音 pile rig打桩机 Part 7 Ground treatmenttechnical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范 cushion method垫层法preloading method预压法 dynamic compaction method强夯法 dynamic compaction replacement method强夯置换法 vibroflotation method振冲法 sand-gravel pile /pile-stone column砂石桩 cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 cement mixing pile水泥土搅拌桩 cement column 水泥桩 lime pile /lime column石灰桩 jet grouting method高压喷射注浆法rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩lime-soil compaction pile /lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩 chemical stabilization method化学加固法 surface compaction method表层压实法 surcharge preloading method超载预压法 vacuum preloading method真空预压法 sand wick method袋装砂井法geofabric /geotextile土工织物 composite foundation复合地基 reinforcement method加筋法dewatering consolidation method降低地下水固结法 freezing and heating method冷热处理法 expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理 collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理 pillow褥垫 sand drain砂井 root pile树根桩 plastic drain塑料排水带 stone column/gravel pile 碎石桩 (composite foundation) replacement ratio （复合地基）置换率 Part 8固结 consolidation principle of effective stress有效应力原理 Part 9 抗剪强度shear strength residual strength残余强度 peak strength峰值强度 dilatation剪胀 effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度有效应力法 total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 vane strength十字板抗剪强度unconfined compression strength无侧限抗压强度 effective stress failure envelope有效应力破坏包线 Part 10 Constitutive modelWork softening加工软化Work hardening加工硬化Part 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soilPunching shear failure冲切破坏General shear failure整体剪切破坏Local shear failure局部剪切破坏Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基极限承载力Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基容许承载力Part 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysisActive earth pressure主动土压力Passive earth pressure被动土压力Earth pressure at rest静止土压力Angle of repose休止角Safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数Slices method条分法Part 13 retaining wallCounter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙Cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙Cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙Gravity retaining wall重力式挡土Anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙Anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙Part 14 Soil testFalling head permeability test变水头渗透试验Compaction test击实试验Consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验Quick direct shear test快剪试验Geotechnical model test土工模型试验Centrifugal model test离心模型试验Direct shear apparatus直剪仪Part 15 In situ testStandard penetration test (SPT) 标准贯入试验Surface wave test(SWT) 表面波试验Dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验Static cone penetration test静力触探试验Cross-hole test跨孔试验Screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验Pressuremeter test旁压试验Light sounding test轻便触探试验Deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测Field permeability test现场渗透试验In-situ pore water pressure measurement原位空隙水压量测In-situ soil/rock test原位（土、岩石）试验Direct shear test直剪试验Direct simple shear test直接单剪试验Dynamic triaxial test动三轴试验Free(resonance) vibration column test自（共）振柱试验Part 14 tunnelHorizontal gallery水平隧道Cut and cover明挖法Immersed tube沉管法Access tunnel入口隧道或引道隧道 Inclined shaft斜井 cavern洞室Natural cavern天然洞室 Artificial cavern人工洞室 Underground complex地下综合建筑 Size,dimension尺寸Circular shape圆形 Horseshoe shape马蹄形 Egg shape卵形 Box shape箱形 Inside shape内部净空断面形状Outside or excavation shape开挖断面形状 Tunnel depth埋深 Cut and cover明挖回填 Shallow depth浅埋 Medium depth中埋 Deep depth深埋Very deep depth特深埋Ground investigation地质调查 Pilot tunnel导洞 Pilot bore调查孔或坑道pedestrian人行道 Water supply上水道Pressure or non pressure tunnels有压与无压隧洞 River diversion分水渠Storm water洪水 Aqueduct水渠navigation航道 Sewerage下水道District heating地域暖气Ventilation通风 Generating station发电所 storage储藏 Defence,protection人防 Invert arch仰拱 floor底板roof拱部或拱顶部crown拱顶 Springer拱脚 shoulders拱肩key刹尖wall边墙 feet墙脚 face开挖面或掌子面bend曲隅部Face,front正面部access入口部 portal洞门 junction接头部bifurcation分岔部Opening window开口部 enlargement加宽部 Recess避难洞Surrounding rock围岩hydrogeology水文地质学Seismicity地震活动Geophysical investigation地质物理调查Laboratory test室内试In situ test现场试验Probing ahead事前调查Geologic exploration地质勘探Nature of ground围岩的性质 Hard rock硬岩 Sound rock完整岩石Weathered rock风化岩 Fissured rock破碎岩Soft ground软弱围岩 Plastic ground塑性围岩Running ground流动围岩Decompressed zone减压区Mixed ground混合围岩boulder卵石 seam夹层 bedding层理 Impervious ground不透水围岩Pervious ground透水围岩alteration风化，蚀变permeability透水性 Ground water地下水moisture湿度 karst岩溶 fault断层Ground character围岩的物理力学性质abrasivity磨损度solubility溶解度Drillability可钻性Compressive strength抗压强度Tensile strength抗拉强度Shear strength抗剪强度Internal friction内摩擦力cohesion粘结力swelling剪胀Ground pressure地压Impact resistance冲击阻力 Porosity ratio孔隙率Economic study经济比较Uplift浮力二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 28.zonal soil区域性土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 三. 土的基本物理力学性质 24.degree of saturation饱和度 30.compactness密实度 32.optimum water content最优含水量 33.three phase diagram三相图 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒组 36.sieve analysis筛分 37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数 四. 渗透性和渗流 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流网 10.seepage force渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 五. 地基应力和变形 1.soft soil软土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 6.low activity低活性 13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力） 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础 25.reduced load折算荷载 28.casing套管 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 37.principal plane主平面 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力 44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量 46.compression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线 六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳 4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall挡土墙 7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts 支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板 七. 深基础-deep foundation 1)cast in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 10.lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩 20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（） 22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距 30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置 35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴