补充注释 Unit 2 Robots

Unit 2 Robots补充注释1. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 机器人如此通人性, 这使她觉得心烦和害怕。 It是形式主语, that引导的句子是这个句子的主语, that从句叫主语从句, that有时也可省略。It放在句首, 真正的主语放在后面, 这是英语的一种常见的结构。例如： It was clear that Claire had fallen in love with Tony. 很显然, 克莱尔已爱上托尼。It seems unlikely (that) she will refuse the offer. 看上去她不太可能会拒绝给她的帮助。 Its possible some of the professors may not think much of it. 有些教授可能会对它评价不高。有时, 为了强调that从句的内容, 也可将that从句放在句首 (此时that不能省略) 。但如果是疑问句, 则只能用先行词it结构。例如： Is it surprising that so many passengers were unhurt in the accident?在这次事故中, 那么多乘客没受伤, 这是不是很令人惊讶?Is it true that he would take the risk? 他真的要冒这个险? 带有that从句的先行词结构有以下几种不同的答配关系： 1) Itbeadjthat-clause. 例如： It is certain that William will do well in his exam. 威廉肯定会考得很好。 It is absurd that he believes the number l3 has brought him the bad luck. 他认为是13这个数字给他带来了厄运, 这太可笑了。 在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的It结构中, that从句谓语动词常用should dobe, dobe的形式。例如： It is best that he should gohe go there without delay. 他最好成绩马上去那里。It is important that we should be / we be here by the weekend. 周末我们得在这里, 这很重要。 在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等意义的It结构中, that从句的谓语动词也常用这种形式。例如： It isnt amazing that they should have decided to divorce. 他们已决定离婚, 这很让人不开心。It is regrettable that Tom should leave so soon. 真遗憾汤姆这么快就得离开。 2) Itben. (or noun phrase) that-clause. 例如：It is a great satisfaction that she is well again and can go to her office. 她身体又好了, 可以去上班, 真让人高兴。It is a pity that she should refuse to accept this suggestion. 真遗憾她拒绝了这个建议。 3) Itbe-ed participlethat clause。例如： It is said that Isaac will accompany his parents to visit Europe. 据说艾萨克将陪父母去欧洲访问。It is suggested that each student should sing a song in English at the party. 好像每个学生都得在晚会上唱支英文歌。4) Itseemshappens etc. that clause. 例如：It seems that they are in urgent need of help. 好像他们现在急需帮助。It happens that the prettiest birds are the worst singers. 很碰巧, 最漂亮的鸟是最差的歌手。 要注意这种结构与强调结构的区别。试比较： It was Tony that managed to help her in time. 是托尼及时帮助了她。It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtain on the front window. 也就在这时候, 克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。 强调结构的that从句不能置于句首。 2. So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read or, rather scan. 于是克莱尔从图书馆借来一叠书给托尼阅读, 或者说给他浏览一下。 1) pile：a number of things lying on top of one another；an amount of sth that is in a large mess。例如：He always left books in a large pile. 他总是留下一大堆书。 The record I want is at the bottom of the pile. 我想要的记录在这一堆东西下面。 a pile ofpiles of：a lot of。例如： There were a pile of magazines on the desk. 桌上有一堆杂志。 Ive got piles of work to do this evening. 今晚我有一大堆工作要做。 2) or rather：a way of correcting sth you have said, or making it more exact。例如： He lives in London, or rather he lives in a suburb of London. 他住在伦敦, 更准确地说是在伦敦郊区。 You have to be sixteen for cheap tickets or rather under sixteen. 你得是16岁才能有便宜的票, 更准确地说是16岁以下。 3. you cannot have women falling in love with machines. 总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。 这句话的结构是“haven.doing”, have的意思是cause (sb to do), 它与“haven. do”结构的意思有时可能会不同, 前者讲的是过程, 后者叙述的是当时的情况。例如： As soon as I got there, I tried to have John find me a house. 我一到那里就试着让约翰给我找个房子。She had us all laughing at her jokes. 她的笑话让我们大笑。 但有时也很难讲这两种结构的意思有多大的区别。如果把本句写成You cant have women fall in love with machines. 意思也似乎没什么差别。 另外, 在“haven.doing”结构中, 如果have用作否定时, 其意思为not permit or allow。例如：I cant have you going everywhere and doing nothing all day. 我不能让你整天无所事事地东游西荡。 注意这种结构与haven.to do的区别。例如：The professor has an extraordinary way to make his class lively and interesting. 这个教授有特殊的办法使他的课一直生动有趣。He said he had nothing to be afraid of. 他说他什么都不怕。4. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanation of everything, in the present and the past. 阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力, 使他能对未来世界进行探索, 而且还有着惊人的智力, 使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。这个句子稍稍有点复杂, 现简要的分析一下：Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination and an amazing mind是这个句子的主要部分, 动词不定式to explore future worlds修饰ability, with which引导的定语从句修饰an amazing mind。 with which是“介词which (或whom) ”的结构, 其介词的选择受到一定的限制：或与前面的名词搭配有关 (本句就是这样) , 或与后面的动词或词组搭配有关。例如： He seemed to be looking for the words with which he could express what he was thinking about. 他好像正在找能表达他想法的词语。 The novel from which the film has been adapted for children is written by a famo