（人教大纲版高三全册Unit10 American literature）.doc

本资料来源于大家网高考英语论坛/forum-136-1.html2010届高三一轮复习教案Unit10 American literature考纲要求： 考纲规定的考试范围:重点单词与短语outcome; weep; furnish; bell; rag; rare; carpet; fee; booklet; mutton; baggage; stove; pale; approval; shave; comb; tortoise; simplify ;attend to; make ends meet; be devoted to; do up; let down; at length; take pride in; search for句型Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 介词which+动词不定式There was an electric bell that did not work, with a card next to it bearing the name “Mr James Dillingham Young”. with+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/形容词/副词Why is this activity successful, while the English in a way that makes it fun? while作并列连词的用法语法：复习动词时态 复习本章要达到的目标1. 掌握 furnish; rag; rare; approval simplify ;attend to; make ends meet; be devoted to; do up; let down; at length; take pride in; search for等重点单词及短语的用法。2. 掌握 介词which+动词不定式 及 动词时态 的用法；教材知识归纳知识归纳1. What other clubs or activities could you think of to practice English in a way that makes it fun?(1) 句中think of的宾语是what other clubs or activities，而to practise是目的状语。平时学习中必须注意把握句子的整体结构。例如：Which do you enjoy to spend your spare time, playing football or watching TV?业余时间你喜欢做什么，踢足球还是看电视？（enjoy 的宾语为which）Every minute should be made use of to practice speaking English.应该充分利用每分钟的时间来练习讲英语。（该句为被动语态，make use of的宾语为every minute）(2) 短语in a way在句中表示“以某种方法”；还可表示“在某种程度上”，此时相当于in some way/ in one way。例如：He explained the theory in a way that we all liked.他以一种我们都比较喜欢的方法解释了这个理论。In a way, it was one of our biggest mistakes.从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯的最大的错误之一。相关归纳：与way相关的常用短语all the way 一直；从头至尾I know the secret all the way.我从头至尾知道这个秘密。lose ones way 迷路Because of the darkness they lost their way in the forest.由于天黑他们在森林中迷路了。on ones way to 在的途中；即将He is on the way to becoming a doctor.他即将成为一名医生。(theres) no way 不可能；没门儿in the/ sbs way 妨碍；挡着的路The desk is in our way; can you move it away?这张桌子挡住了我们的路，你能把他搬走吗？the other way about/ (a) round 相反地He said it would be sunny, but it is the other way around.他说天会放晴，但是情况恰恰相反。by the way 顺便说（问）一下By the way, do you have any idea where the post office is?顺便问一下,你知道邮局在哪儿吗?in ones own way 以自己的方式make ones way 前进We made our way to the dining room against the storm.顶着暴风雪我们走向餐厅。under way （计划）进行中Formal negotiations are under way.正式谈判正在进行。2. Why is this activity successful, while the English in a way that makes it fun?句中while 是并列连词，意为“而；然而”，表两者之间的对比。例如：Mother is doing some cooking in the kitchen while Father is reading a newspaper.母亲在厨房做饭，而父亲在看报纸。相关归纳：While的其他常见用法：(1) 表示“当时候；与同时”，从句谓语必须为持续性或状态性动词。例如：-Im going to the post office.我准备去邮局。-While youre there, can you buy me some stamps?当你在那儿的时候，能不能给我买一些邮票？(2) 表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，与although相同。例如：While I understand what youve done, I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的做法，但我仍然不同意你的意见。相关归纳：after a while 过了一会儿After a while he came to himself.过了一会儿之后他醒了过来。once in a while 有时；偶尔He went to see them once in a while.他有时去探望他们。in a while 一会儿；不久He will be back in a while.不久他就会回来。3. Pennies saved one or two at a time by bargaining at the grocery, at the bakery and the butchers until ones cheeks burnt.短语中at a time表示“一次；每次”。而at one time表示“过去曾经；以前一度”，用在句中做状语时，句中动词用一般过去时。例如：He had something important to do, so he ran up the steps three at a time.由于有重要的事情要做，所以他一步三个台阶向上跑着。I seldom found there were so many cars on the road at one time.以前在马路上我很少发现这么多车辆。相关归纳：与time有关的常用短语：ahead of time 提前；提早They finished the work ahead of time.他们提前完成了工作。at any time 随时Drop in to see us any time.随便什么时候顺便来看看我们。for the time being 暂时；暂且Lets share the room for the time being.我们暂时合住一个房间吧!Lets do it just for the time being.我们暂时这么做吧。in time 来得及；不久They were just in time for the bus.他们及时赶上了公共汽车。on time 准时Will the train arrive on time?火车会准时到达吗?all the time 一直；总是at times 有时；偶尔Everyone may make mistakes at times.每个人不时都会犯错误。kill time 消磨时间She often kills time by watching TV.她常常以看电视来消磨时间。in no time 立刻；马上Shell be all right in no time.她很快就会好的。4. They lived in a furnished flat at $8 per week.furnish vt.furnish做动词，意为“为提供家具”，经常用furnishwith结构，表示“用来布置”。The guide showed us into a room which was well furnished.导游把我们领进了一间家具齐全的房间。The Greens furnished their new house with the simplest essentials: a bed, a chair, and a table.格林夫妇给新房间布置了最简单的必需品：一张床、一把椅子和一张桌子。相关归纳:同根词：furniture是不可数名词，意为“家具”，如果表示“（家具的）件数”，可以在前面加piese(s) of furniture。The small room used to be crowded with much furniture.以前那个小房间里摆满了家具。5. There was an electric bell that did not work, with a card next to it bearing the name “Mr James Dillingham Young”.(1) 句中work做不及物动词，表示“工作；（机器）正常运转”，还可表示“有效；适合”。 Can I help you, sir? 先生，您需要什么帮助？Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it doesnt work.哦，我昨天在这里买了台收音机，可现在它出了故障。She told her son not to ride on the street but it didnt work.她叫儿子不要在街上骑车，可这（她的话）不起作用。注意work偶尔做及物动词，表示“产生；使成形”等。Do you know how to work a lathe?你知道怎么开机床吗？(2) 短语with a card bearing the name是with的复合结构，其中bearing是分词短语做宾语补足语。“with+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/形容词/副词”结构在句中常做状语（表伴随、方式、原因等），也可做后置定语。例如：With such a good guide leading the way, we found the village easily.有这么好的向导引路，我们很容易就找到了那个村庄。The math teacher went out of the office, with a book in his hand.数学老师走出了办公室，手里拿着一本书。The boy likes sleeping with the window open.那个男孩喜欢开着窗子睡觉。With the problem settled, we all felt very happy.难题解决了，我们都很高兴。With nothing to do this afternoon, I went shopping with my mother.由于今天下午无事可做，我和母亲去购物。6. Della finished crying and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.attend to (1) attend做不及物动词，常与介词to连用，表示“照顾；关照”。Is there anyone to attend to the customer here?有人招呼一下这里的顾客吗？(2) attend做及物动词，表示“参加”，多指参加会议、演讲、典礼等。The number of the people who attended the lecture was more than 1000.出席演讲的人数超过了1000人。rag n,(1) rag做可数名词和不可数名词，意为“碎布；破布”。例如：The maid was going to wash the table with a rag when the bell rang.女仆正打算用抹布擦桌子的时候门铃响了。Dressed in rags, John was afraid of meeting his neighbours.穿着破旧的衣服，约翰害怕遇见邻居。相关归纳：from rags to riches 从穷人变富翁in rags 衣衫褴褛feel like a wet rag 非常疲劳rag doll 布制的洋娃娃7. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.句中with which to buy Jim a present相当于介词with + which引导定语从句的用法。原句可改为with which she could buy Jim a present，例如：I need a pen with which to write a letter.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.我需要一支钢笔用来写信。I have a dictionary in which to look up a new word.我有一本可以查生词的字典。8. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. Expense既可做可数名词，又可做不可数名词，意为“花费；费用”，常见的搭配有legal/ medical/ living/ travel，etc，expenses等表示专门用途的费用。例如：He borrowed 150000 and used the money for legal expenses.他借了15万英镑，用于打官司。相关归纳：与expense有关的常用短语：at great/ considerable/ vast expense 花费很大；代价很高They succeeded at great expense.他们花费了很大的代价最后取得了成功。at the expense of sb/ sth 以某人/某物为代价He saved the drowning boy at the expense of his life.他以自己的生命为代价救了那个溺水的男孩的生命at sbs expense让某人花费They bought a house for their parents at their expense.他们出钱为父母买了一套房子。9. There were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took great pride. take pride in n.take pride in短语表示“以骄傲（自豪），in后常接名词或动名词形式，相当于be proud of。We all take pride in being a member of the class.我们都以是这个班的一员而感到自豪。相关归纳：pride comes/ goes before a fall 骄傲使人落后pride oneself on 以而自豪（pride做动词）she prided herself on her cooking.她为自己善于烹饪而感到得意。be proud of 对某事感到自豪She is proud of her accomplishments.她为自己的成就而自豪。with pride得意地He looked at his painting with pride.他得意地看着他的画。10. And then she quickly did it up again.do up (1) do up短语中up为副词，表示“打扮；梳妆”，常与反身代词oneself连用：Mary did herself up and left in a hurry for an evening party.玛丽打扮自己后，勿忙离开去参加一个晚会。(2) do up还可以表示“系；扣；整理；收拾；包起来”，后面常接something。Youd better do up all your buttons in case the officer scolds you.你最好将所有的扣子扣好，防止被警官责骂。11. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read.fix sth on/ upon sb (1) fix sth on/ upon sb短语表示“全神贯注于；凝视”，fix的宾语往往是ones attention，ones mind或者ones eyes。例如：The teacher told a few boys to fix their attention upon her class.老师要求几个男生把注意力集中在她的课上。All the students sat in the classroom silently, with eyes fixed upon Mr chen.所有的学生都安静地坐在教室里，全神贯注地注视着陈老师。(2) 短语fix sth on/upon还可表示“把固定在上”，这时相当于fix sth to sth。例如：The picture is fixed on the wall with nails, so it wont come off.用图钉把画固定在墙上，这样它就不会掉下来。相关归纳：fix on 决定；选定Have you fixed on the date?日期选定了吗?She fixed her eyes on the picture.她凝视着那幅画。fix up 安排；提供fix sth up 修理；装饰；准备好fix sb up (with) 向某人提供；安顿His parents fixed him up with a job.他父母给他安排了一个工作。be fixing to do sth准备做某事联想短语pay (much) attention to （多）注意draw/ call sbs attention to 引起/唤起某人的关注attract sbs attention 吸引某人的注意力12. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor a look showing that he did not approve, nor horrorapprove(1) approve做及物动词，意为“批准；通过”。The congress approved the reports raised by some representatives.大会批准了一些代表提出的报告。(2) approve做不及物动词，意为“赞成；认可；满意”，常与介词of连用。I dont approve of our wasting time talking with him about that.我不同意咱们浪费时间和他谈论这件事情。(3) 它的名词形式是approval，表示“批准；赞成；认可”。They had to nod in approval because the plan met with the publics approval.他只得点头同意，因为公从赞成这个计划。(4) 同义词：accept v. 认可；接受disapprove/ disagree v. 不赞成/不同意13. However, she hugged them to her breast, and at length she was able to look up and smile and say: “My hair grows so fast, Jim!”at length (1) at length短语表示“终于；最后；详细地”，length前可加great，some等修饰词。例如：They solved the maths problem at length.他们终于解出了那道数学难题。The teacher explained it to us at length until we all understood.老师详细地给我们解释了那件事，直到我们都明白了。相关归纳：at arms length 伸手可及处Hold your hand out at arms length.伸直手臂。at full length 伸展全身；说尽地He went on at tedious length about his favorite hobby.他仍不厌其烦地讲他的业余爱好。go to any/ great/ some ect. lengths (to do) 竭尽全力（做某事）He would go to any lengths to keep his government in power.他决心竭尽全力使他的政府继续执政。keep sb. at arms length与某人保持距离；不使自己太亲近某人I now keep my neighbor at arms length because he has been rude to me many times in the past.我与我的邻居保持距离，因为他曾多次对我无礼。同义短语：at last/ in the end最后；终于14. She let down her hair.let down let down短语表示“不支持；使失望；使失信；放下来”，其中down是副词，可以将宾语放在两词之间。The manager let us down, which made us disappointed.经理不支持我们，我们很失望。Believe what I have done and I wont let you down.相信我所做的，我不会让你失望的。相关归纳：let alone 更不用说The baby cant even walk, let alone run.这个婴儿连走路都不会，更不用说跑了。letbe 不干涉Let me be. I want a rest.别打扰我，我要休息。let out 放出；泄露（秘密等）把某物租给某人Dont let it out about me losing my job, will you?别把我丢了工作一事泄露出去，行吗？let sb. through 评定某人及格Im a hopeless driver but the examiner let me through.我开车的技术糟透了，但考官让我及格了。let go 放开Let go of the rope.松开绳子。Will they let the hostages go?他们会释放人质吗？let in 允许进入There is someone at the door. Let them in, will you?有人敲门，让他们进来好吗？概念提示重点/热点1：介词+which+动词不定式”作定语and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.With which to buy Jim a present是动词不定式短语作定语，该短语中只能使用代词which，要使用其他代词。She had no time left in which to pack her things.她没有时间来收拾她的物品了。She has a little money in bank, with which to help her mother.她只有很少的钱存在银行里，用这笔钱可以帮助她的母亲。重点/热点2：否定转移：英语中有些动词如think, believe, suppose等后面若跟否定意义的宾语从句，否定词要移到主句谓语动词的前面，这一现象被称为否定转移。I dont think it is going to snow.我认为天不会下雪。I dont suppose the news is true.我认为这个消息是假的。相关归纳：当宾语从句中出现下列结构时，否定词不可移到主句中：（1）当从句中用cant help doing sth.时 I suppose everyone cant help laughing at your idea.我不认为每一个人都会嘲笑你的注意的。（2）当从句中用notuntil时 I believe he wont come until late in the evening.（3）当从句中有neednt do sth.时 I think you neednt do it again.（4）当从句中有not do sth. yet时I suppose they havent come back yet.易混易错点1： 一般过去时和过去进行时的用法比较一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生了的动作或存在的状态，强调动作已完成，侧重说明过去发生某事的事实；过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作，说明动作未完成。例如：I read an essay last night. 昨夜我读了一篇论文。（读完了）Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. 雪莉去年在写一本书，但我不知道她是否写完了。（当时未写完）易混易错点2：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较1、一般过去时所强调的侧重点是“过去”，表明“过去”所发生的事情或存在的某种状态，与“现在”没有任何关系。现在完成时所表示的动作虽然也发生在过去，但强调对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，与“现在”有关，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。My elder brother arrived at the station a moment ago.我哥哥刚才到了车站。（现在是否还在车站不确定）My elder brother has arrived at the station.我哥已经到车站了。（现在人依然在车站）2、一般过去时通常与具体的时间状语，如yesterday，last，night，in 1978等连用；而现在完成时经常与不具体的、模糊的时间状语连用，如recently，till now，in the past few years，so far等，有时也不用时间状语。例如：-Have you ever been to Canada? 你去过加拿大吗？-Yes, I went there last year. 是的，我去年去过。We have planted nearly 5000 trees in the past few years.近几年中，我们已经植了近5000棵树。讲题组课内题例与课后题：课内题例1. He is seriously ill and _ in hospital now by doctors.A. has been attended to B. is being attended to C. has attended to D. is been attended to 变式：Since she is a doctor, she must _ the patients.A. attend B. attend to C. attend with D. attend for解析：B 根据题意，此处应使用现在进行时的被动语态。变式：B 这句话的意思是：因为她是医生，她必须照顾病人。Attend作“照顾”讲时，必须有介词to搭配，才能接宾语。2. What made little Tony so unhappy and cry in his room?-_ to go hiking with his brother.A. Having not been allowed B. Not having allowed C. Having not allowed D. Not having been allowed变式：What caused the party to be put off?-_ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send解析：D 否定非谓语动词将not放在其前allow和little Tonys句为被动关系。变式：B Toms delaying sending是-ing形式的复合结构可代替what在句中作主语。3. No one helped me. I did it all _ myself.A. for B. by C. from D. to变式1：Its _ me why Alice, aged 28, gave up her job and got married to a man of 52.A. under B. above C. beyond D. over变式2：When we get past middle age we feel that the best of our years are _ us.A. after B. before C. behind D. beyond解析：B (all) by oneself“单独的，独自的”；for oneself“为自己”；to oneself“独自享用，不与他人共享”。此题根据“no one helped me”这个关键信息可知选B。 变式1：C beyond“（指程度）深于；（指范围）越出；句意：我不理解为什么二十八岁的爱丽丝放弃工作嫁给一个五十二岁的人。变式2：C behind“在后面”。4. The research work took the students four years, _ the time for rest was only two months.A. for which B. by which C. from which D. of which变式：His glasses _ he could see nothing, were broken by a naughty boy.A. by which B. without which C. with which D. in which解析：D 先行词four years代入从句中构成the time for rest of the four rears，这四年中的休息时间。变式：B 先行词代入定语从句中构成：He could see nothing without his glasses.。5. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell变式：train _ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to解析：C 本题考查时态和语态。主句和从句的动作无先后之分，所以要用一般过去时，“花”做主语，应是“被卖掉”，要用被动语态故选C项。变式：C as/ were supposed to do sth.“本来应该做某事”。6. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound变式：_ it is holiday today, the children need not go to school.A. As B. When C. For D. As long as解析：D 本题考查让步状语从句。as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装，所以选D。 变式：A 此句中as引导原因状语从句。课后题：1. In the war, the army _supplies for several months.A. furnish with B. is furnished C. is furnished with D. are furnished at2. Since she is a doctor, she must _ the patients.A. attend B. attend to C. attend with D. attend for3. Their objections, based on religious grounds, are discussed _ at the meeting.A. at times B. at length C. at intervals D. at least4.- Where can I get your new novel?-Im sorry, but it _ and will soon come out.A. has printed B. had been printing C. is printed D. is being printed5. The little boy just begins to speak English. He goes to great _ to say the sentence _ full length.A. lengths; at B. length; at C. lengths; in D. lengths; with答案：1. C 本题考查动词furnish的用法与时态的结合及主谓一致，the army作为整体，谓语用单数，furnish应与with搭配，意为“在战争中，军队配备数月用的补给品”。2. B 这句话的意思是：因为她是医生，她必须照顾病人。Attend作“照顾”讲时，必须有介词to搭配，才能接宾语。3. B 句意是：他们的反对意见以宗教为背景，大家在会上进行详细的讨论。at length在句中是“详细地”之意，还有“最终，终于”的意思；at intervals不时，相隔一定的距离；at times有时，间或；at least至少。4. D 考查时态和语态。句意是：对不起，这部小说正在印刷中，很快就出版。根据will soon out，空白处用现在进行时的被动语态。5. A 结合题干语境，这句话的意思是“小男孩刚开始学讲英语，他竭尽全力来极为详细的说这个句子”。go to treat lengths竭尽全力；at full length极为详细地。课后练习题A组：1. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3000 more than he _ for the wedding.A. will plan B. keep C. would plan D. had planned2. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. that C. what D. whether3. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _ on the screen.A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing4. Oh, boy, why are you killing your time this way? Can you find something else _ doing at all?A. cost B. bargain C. worth D. value5. -Oh, its you? I didnt recognize