高效稠油降粘剂的性能评价及现场应用.pdf

文章编号 1000 2634 2003 03 0055 03 高效稠油降粘剂的性能评价及现场应用 宋斗贵1 朱桂林1 曹嫣镔2 唐培忠2 王秋霞2 1 胜利油田有限公司滨南采油厂 山东 滨洲256606 2 胜利油田有限公司采油工艺研究院 摘要 稠油超稠油区块进入多轮次吞吐后期普遍存在蒸汽驱替效率低 油汽比低 经济性差的问题 部分区块由于注 汽压力高而导致无法正常注汽 通过室内实验研究表明 伴蒸汽注入高效稠油降粘剂CY 2可以明显提高蒸汽的驱 替效率 降低注汽压力 提高注汽周期的产量及油汽比 该项技术在滨南单家寺油田大面积推广 取得了良好的经济 效益 为提高稠油超稠油区块注汽开发的效果及经济性提供新的途径 关键词 稠油 蒸汽 降粘剂 单家寺 中图分类号 TE357 46 文献标识码 A 引 言 胜利油田一般采用注蒸汽热力采油方法开采稠 油 超稠油区块 由于受边底水以及其它因素的影 响 部分油藏不适合用蒸汽驱的方式进行开采 只能 用蒸汽吞吐的方式进行开采 1 进行蒸汽吞吐开采 伴随着多轮次吞吐周期的 开发 以下两方面的矛盾日益突出 注汽开采周期油 汽比低 经济效益差 原油粘度大 井筒举升困难 这都严重影响注蒸汽开发的经济性 制约了对稠油 油藏的进一步开发 2 伴蒸汽注入高效稠油降粘剂 可以提高注入蒸汽的驱替效率 降低油水界面张力 减少井筒举升阻力 提高注汽生产的经济效益 3 是 多轮次吞吐后期提高采收率的有效途径 1 室内实验研究 国内外的研究表明伴蒸汽注入高温薄膜扩展剂 可以降低油水界面张力 提高蒸汽的驱替效率 影 响该项技术的核心是高温薄膜扩展剂的耐温性和抗 盐性 现场使用的表面活性剂主要有以下几类 阳离 子类表面活性剂 阴离子类表面活性剂和非离子性 表面活性剂 其中阳离子表面活性剂易同岩石表面 形成亲油膜 不利于降低残余油饱和度 阴离子类表 面活性剂耐温性较好 但抗盐性较差 非离子类表面 活性剂乳化性能良好但耐温性能差 本次重点进行 高温薄膜扩展剂的研制和注入工艺研究 通过对碳 链结构的调整 研制出高温抗盐乳化降粘剂CY 2 对其性能进行评价 对注入工艺进行探索研究 1 1 配伍性实验 用配好的单家寺油田地层水同CY 2降粘剂进 行配伍实验 结果表明可以形成均匀溶液 并且放置 72 h没有沉淀产生 1 2 降粘剂的降粘实验 降粘实验是按油水比7 3 水浴温度60 的条 件下进行的 采用的油样是单6 14 40井脱水原油 降粘剂浓度为在水相中的浓度 试验结果如表所 示 表1 脱水原油降粘试验 降粘剂 浓度 原油粘度 mPa s 加降粘剂后原油 粘度 mPa s 降粘率 破乳分层 时间 h 0 15198097 029 0 2087898 635 0 30 66000 56899 128 0 4054299 233 0 5056999 132 0 6057299 133 从实验结果分析 CY 2在60 条件下的降粘效 果良好 能形成均匀稳定的水包油乳状液 用单家 寺单六块油样进行界面张力的测试 油水界面张力 可以降低到10 2 N m 具有良好的驱替效率 4 1 3 驱油效率实验 第25卷 第3期 西 南 石 油 学 院 学 报 Vol 25 No 3 2003年 6月 Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute Jun 2003 收稿日期 2002 07 26 作者简介 宋斗贵 1968 男 汉族 江苏人 工程师 从事油田开发管理工艺技术研究 1995 2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co Ltd All rights reserved 考虑单家寺油田经过多轮次吞吐周期的开采以 及边底水的影响 驱油效率实验按以下方案进行 先 注5PV的蒸汽驱扫岩芯管 然后伴蒸汽注入降粘 剂 确定驱替效率提高的程度 伴降粘剂注入蒸汽的 量为5PV 驱替效率的定义如下 驱替效率 驱替出油量 岩心管含油总量 试验参数如下 蒸汽温度250 蒸汽压力 4 MPa 孔隙体积120 ml 饱和油量79 5 g 岩心孔隙 度35 岩心渗透率10 m2 岩心初始温度60 从试验结果看 图1 当注入4 PV蒸汽后如继 续注入蒸汽则不能有效提高蒸汽的驱替效率 此时 伴蒸汽注入CY 2后 驱替效率继续提高 最后稳定 在60 左右 继续注入蒸汽也不能有效提高蒸汽的 驱替效率 从驱替效率试验可以看出 伴蒸汽注入 CY 2可有效提高注入蒸汽的驱替效率 提高幅度在 30 左右 图1 CY 2驱替效率曲线 1 4 不同注入工艺的研究 选择了三种不同的注入工艺进行研究 先注蒸 汽驱然后伴蒸汽注降粘剂提高驱替效率 伴蒸汽注 入降粘剂提高驱替效率 先用蒸汽驱然后交替注入 氮气和降粘剂提高驱替效率 图2 驱替效率曲线 试验1 用CY 2伴蒸汽注入开发稠油油藏 试 验条件蒸汽温度250 蒸汽压力4 MPa 孔隙体积 120 ml 饱和油量81 g 岩芯孔隙度35 岩芯渗透 率9 2 m2 岩心初始温度60 从试验的结果来看 图2 如始终伴蒸汽注入 CY 2 其驱替效率提高的幅度同单纯注蒸汽相比提 高了33 8 具有较好的效果 但其最终采收率不 如注蒸汽驱替后再注CY 2 从经济角度及现场施 工考虑 合理的使用方法应该是先注蒸汽驱扫 然后 伴蒸汽注入CY 2提高驱替效率 如地层注汽压力 较高 可以将CY 2作为前置液预处理油层 然后注 入蒸汽驱扫 试验2 把氮气和CY 2交替注入提高注入蒸汽 驱替效率的实验 试验过程如下 先用蒸汽驱替岩 心管内的稠油 当蒸汽已不能有效驱替稠油后 交替 注入氮气和CY 2提高采收率 试验过程中 每隔 10 min注入一次氮气 注入量为67 ml 在常温 4 MPa条件下 选用的岩芯管原有饱和油量83 16 g 残余油量60 39 g 残余油饱和度72 6 试验条 件蒸汽温度250 蒸汽压力4 MPa 孔隙体积120 ml 岩心温度60 岩心渗透率4 12 氮泵排量67 ml min 药泵排量0 83 g min 从试验结果看 图3 氮气和CY 2交替注入可 以有效的提高驱替效率 其提高的幅度比单纯使用 CY 2高 从机理上分析 氮气和CY 2交替注入 降 低了地层原油和蒸汽的流度比 提高了波及面积 同 时CY 2的剥蚀作用以及由于贾敏效应所形成的高 剪切力梯度都大大提高了驱替效率 实际生产中氮 气在油层中还起到减小向上下夹层扩散热量的作 用 图3 累计提高驱替效率 1 5 耐高温试验研究 将CY 2放置在高温高压反应釜中 反应釜的温 度设置为300 压力14 MPa 恒温24 h 停止加热 反应釜 自然冷却到室温 取出降粘剂 进行乳化降 粘试验和驱油试验 降粘率和驱油效率均保持在初 始值的98 以上 证明该降粘剂具有良好的耐温 性 65西南石油学院学报 2003年 1995 2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co Ltd All rights reserved 1 6 CY 2的合理使用浓度 通过对CY 2提高稠油油藏采收率试验结果的 分析 可以看出当CY 2在油层中液相的有效浓度在 为0 3 0 5 可以取得较好的驱替效果 如再 提高高温薄膜扩展剂的浓度 对采收率提高的幅度 非常有限 5 如高温薄膜扩展剂的使用浓度在0 3 以下 其驱油效果受到很大的影响 因此高温薄 膜扩展剂的合理使用浓度为在井底液相中的有效浓 度为0 3 0 6 2 现场应用 从1999年开始 伴蒸汽注入CY 2技术在单家 寺油田推广应用 在注汽过程中 利用高压计量泵 伴蒸汽挤入CY 2 挤入的方式 连续式和段塞式 以 及挤入量的大小 主要根据压力情况决定 挤注稠 油降粘剂的作用主要表现在以下三方面 1 降低注汽压力 提高注汽质量 从1999年与2000年施工井看 注汽压力一般 可降低1 2 MPa 注汽干度可提高20 左右 表2 挤注降粘剂后效果对比表 井号 挤高效稠油降粘剂前 注蒸汽压力 MPa 干度 挤高效稠油降粘剂后 注蒸汽压力 MPa 干度 单6 10 X2817 016 015 单6 10 2616 515 020 单6 8 X2817 015 516 单6 8 X2617 0打排放 16 018 单6 217 5没有干度15 024 单6 10 3017 55 522 单6 6 2417 015 520 单6 4 2417 015 018 单60 416 56515 073 单60 316 57015 073 分析单六东试1井注汽压力变化曲线 单六东 试1井的原油粘度是7 86 104mPa s 这口井一开 始连续24小时挤稠油降粘剂 压力一度下降到16 5 MPa 干度保持在65 以上 这时停挤12小时 压力 很快升到18 8 MPa 然后又挤降粘剂将压力控制 住 2 降低原油粘度 有利于回采 单六东试1井作业过程中取样化验的粘度7 86 104mPa s 开井后化验9次 最高只有49 591 mPa s 平均保持在30 000 mPa s 其它措施井开井 后粘度普遍要低于作业时粘度 3 延长热采周期 提高周期产量 稠油降粘剂可以提高单井的产油量及采收率 延长生产时间 对比3口井可以明显看出注入CY 2 后周期采油量明显高于上一周期 表3 周期采油效果对比表 井 号 上周期 t 本周期 t 备 注 单2 19 1503275继续生产 单6 12X427201072抽油杆断 单6 6 2222103821继续有效 3 结论与建议 伴蒸汽注入CY 2可以有效提高蒸汽的驱替效 率 提高注汽周期产油量和油汽比 提高热采的经济 性 适用于注蒸汽开发稠油的各个阶段 尤其适用于 多轮次吞吐后期提高稠油油藏采收率 此外 CY 2 也可以降低注汽压力 增强地层的吸汽能力 降低油 水界面张力 从室内实验及现场应用情况考虑 经 济合理的使用方法是在三轮次以上的注汽周期伴蒸 汽注入CY 2 在注汽压力较高的区块 可以将CY 2 作为前置液注入地层以降低注汽压力 该工艺可以提高注入流体的驱替效率 但并不 能提高流体的波及效率 对于大孔道及非均质性导 致的窜流需通过封堵调剖的方式进行解决 下一步 将进行弹性封堵的研究 参考文献 1 霍广荣 胜利油田稠油油藏热力开采技术 M 北京 石油工业出版社 1999 2 曹嫣镔 伴蒸汽注化学剂提高采收率的室内研究 J 油气采收率技术 2000 7 7 16 3 赵福麟 采油化学 M 东营 石油大学出版社 1994 4 赵振国 界面化学基础 M 北京 化学工业出版社 1996 5 赵福麟 黑液体系驱油研究 J 石油学报 1995 16 1 53 60 编辑 朱和平 75第3期 宋斗贵等 高效稠油降粘剂的性能评价及现场应用 1995 2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co Ltd All rights reserved 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHIN ES E through the study on geologic and cost characteristics and budget of oil gas2bearing block as well as the difference analy2 sis to material cost fuel cost power cost salary and farewell for employees maintain cost crude processing cost and admin2 istration cost it is put forward that control to oil gas2bearing block production should include following in total cost control ABC classification method may be uses first to classify the con2 trollable items making up higher proportion will be sorted out to be controlled so that satisfactory outcomes are reached In oper2 ation cost control the sum of key items cost on all the oil gas2 bearing blocks will be monitored and operation monitoring needing specially considered oil gas2bearing blocks will be do Key words oil gas block cost analysis control PRODUCTIVITY METHOD OF FRACTURED HORIZON2 TAL WELLS IN COALBED GAS FU Yu Southwest Petroleum Institute Nanchong Sichuan 637001 China GUO Xiao LONG Hua JOURNALOF SOU THW ES TPETROL EUMINS TITU TE VOL 25 NO 3 44 46 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHIN ES E The coalbed gas is an important resources the activities of the research and the development are very active The main characteristics of coalbed reservoir are low permeability and low porosity the effect that the normal method developed coalbed reservoir is not good The technology of fracture and horizontal well is an effective method improved output of coalbed gas Fractured horizontal well is a potential way developed coalbed gas applying potential function principles superposition princi2 pal and mathematical method for solving matrix In the process of formula derivation many factors such as anisotropy of reservoir matrix numbers of fractures fractured on horizontal well s productivity and fully or partially penetrating in the for2 mation and so on were considered Finally in the paper the calculation example was given and a few factors have been compared and analyzed The results show that the relation be2 tween the horizontal well s productivity and the number of frac2 ture is direct ratio the suitable number of fracture is no more than 10 in the horizontal length of the well besides the rate of penetrating of fracture should under 0 15 if the rate of pene2 trating of fracture overweight 0 15 it is not sensitive that the output are affect the rate of penetrating of fracture Key words Coalbed Gas Fracture Horizontal Well of Productivity NECCESSARY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOG Y IN THE MID2 DLE2LATE PERIOD OF STEAM CIRCLING IN GUDAO HEAVY OIL FIELD SUQing2lin ShenliOilField DongyingShandong 257231 Chian MAO Wei2rong ZHOU Wen2sheng et al JOURNAL OF SOU THW ES T PETROL EUM INS TITU TE VOL 25 NO 3 47 50 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHI2 N ES E To resolve the problem oil reserves are developed unevenly and water invasion is getting worse in the middle2late period of steam circling productionin Gudao heavy oil field reduce the water2cut and increase the heavy oil prodution recovery by the technology of adjusting well pattern densely and injection section with foam to ameliorate the situation of oil reserves employ with asymmetry in the parallel and vertical plane The water invasion rate iscontrolledeffectivelybycombining employing drainage cease shutoff shun with other coordinated measure of geology and technology oil production period is prolonged and the oil2gas rate increased by thermodynamic production pre2 venting sand chemical dredge and other technology so that the necessary technology that is suitable for heavy oil production with steam circling in Gudao oil field come into being and the preferable result is obtained By the time the production degree that heavy oil production with steam circling in Gudao oil field has come to14 7 and the recovery has come to 32 5 The technology has a great significance and value worthy of being extended to the similar reservoirs with steam circling production in the middle2late period Key words steam circling necessary technology produc2 tion effectiveness Gudao oilfield NEW WELL TEST ANALYSIS METHOD OF THE DENSE WELL2PATTERN WU Hong2biao University of Petroleum Changping Bei2 jing 102200 China CHEN Qin2lei BI Yan2chang JOUR2 NAL OF SOU THW ES T PETROL EUM INS TITU TE VOL 25 NO 3 51 54 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHIN ES E According to the actual characteristics of the oil field devel2 oping procedure of dense wells A new well test analysis theory model was established based on the reservoir flow mechanism and theory and the way to draw the build2up and drawdown theoretical type2curve was presented in thispaper The analyses of field examples proved that the well test analysis method pre2 sented in this paper is scientific and effective Key words well2pattern shape transient testing type curve fitting interwell interference PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND FIELD APPLICA2 TION OF A VISCOSITY REDUCING AGENT FOR VISCOUS 4Abstract 2003 1995 2004 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co Ltd All rights reserved CRUDE SONG Dou2gui Shenli OilField Binzhou Shandong 256606 Chian ZHU Gui2lin NIU Guang2hai et al JOUR2 NAL OF SOU THW ES T PETROL EUM INS TITU TE VOL 25 NO 3 55 58 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHIN ES E Many problems such as low steam displacement efficiency low oil steam ratio and poor profit exist in multiple cyclic steam stimulated heavy oil or super heavyoil field Normal steam injec2 tion can not be carried out because of especially high pressure in some districts Experimental results show that steam displace2 ment efficiency oil steam ratio and cyclic production can be improved by a high efficiency viscosity reducing agent CY22 This technology has been widely applied in Shanjia Temple Oil Field and great profit has been achieved which provides a new method to exploit heavy oil or super heavy oil field Key words heavy oil steam viscosity reducing agent Shanjia Temple A THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF VAPOR LIQUID SOL2 ID THREE PHASE EQUILIBRIUM AND ITS MOLELING TECHNIQUE BI Jian2xia Southwest Petroleum Institute Nanchong Sichuan 637001 China LI Ming ZHANG Mao2lin et al JOURNAL OF SOU THW ES T PETROL EUM INS TITU TE VOL 25 NO 3 59 61 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHI2 N ES E There exists many organic solid substance with high molec2 ular weight in crude oil Therefore in order to describe phase equilibrium appearing in oil gas system accurately it is essential to study vapor liquid solid three phase equilibrium On the ba2 sis of understanding to asphaltene precipitation mechanism the paper comes up with the view that the incompatibility between asphaltene components and light hydrocarbons can be described with larger interaction coefficients The present paper also puts forward vapor liquid solid material balance equations which has their own characterization in line with the generic opinion and the method for characterizing asphaltene components With three phase algorithm which takes asphaltene precipitation into account the technique can model asphaltene precipitation quan2 titatively Moreover by examples described in the paper cal2 culation method of reference fugacity and matching method of saturation pressure and amount of precipitated asphaltene have been presented Key words equation of state asphaltene precipitation flash calculation fugacity saturation pressure STUDY OF ADSORPTION OF CONDENSATE GAS MIX2 TURE ON SURFACE OF POROUS MEDIA DU Jian2fen Southwest Petroleum Institute Nanchong Sichuan 637001 China LI Shilun SUN Lei et al JOUR2 NAL OF SOU THW ES T PETROL EUM INS TITU TE VOL 25 NO 3 62265 2003 ISSN1000 2634 IN CHIN ES E Because the porous media have very large specific area ad2 sorption of fluid of gas condensate reservoir in porous medium are is in reality so that it will affect the problems of gas reser2 voir engineering such as reserves calculation phase behavior simulation and gas well production calculation etc On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of porous medium adsorbing gas condensate reservoir fluid and according to the theory of gas2sol2 id adsorption adsorption mathematics model of condensate gas in porous medium has been developed By case calculating ad2 sorption amount and the composition of the adsorbed fluid of condensate gas in porous medium have been analyzed Results show that the adsorption amount decreases with temperature rising and increases with pressure going up At the same time in the same porous