linux系统管理磁盘配额使用.doc

linux系统管理使用磁盘配额、磁盘配额作用限制普通用户使用磁盘空间，不至于因为个别人的浪费而影响到其它人的正常使用； 、需要内核的支持； 、只有Ext2/Ext3文件系统目前支持这种功能； 、需要用户程序quota软件包. 磁盘配额配置过程 ）、使用usrquota，grpquota选项挂载一个分区，激活内核的支持（只能在分区上做） ）、方法：#mount o usrquota,grpquota /dev/sdb1 /mnt/d1 或 mount o remount,usrquota,grpquota / (因为根目录已经挂载过，可重新挂载) ）、init 1 （进入单用户环境来配置） ）、quotacheck cvuga 检查并创建磁盘配额的数据库文件（存放位置：在每一个分区的根目录下面） -c： 创建create； v：更详细地表述；u：用户user；g：组group；-a：所有all ）、edquota u 为指定用户分配磁盘空间和节点数量 ）、quota命令可以查看用户的配额使用情况 如：rootlocalhost root# ls /mnt cdrom floppy rootlocalhost root# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1/ mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002) mkfs.ext3: bad blocks count - /mnt/sd1/ rootlocalhost root# mkfs.ext3 -f /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1/ rootlocalhost root# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 250 522 2192872+ 83 Linux rootlocalhost root# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.32 (09-Nov-2002) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 274176 inodes, 548218 blocks 27410 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 17 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16128 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. rootlocalhost root# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 -o usrquota,grpquota rootlocalhost root# mount /dev/sda1 on / type ext3 (rw) none on /proc type proc (rw) usbdevfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbdevfs (rw) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) none on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /mnt/sd1 type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) rootlocalhost root# more /etc/mtab /dev/sda1 / ext3 rw 0 0 none /proc proc rw 0 0 usbdevfs /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs rw 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs rw 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 ext3 rw,usrquota,grpquota 0 0 rootlocalhost root# quotacheck cvuga - quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sd1 done quotacheck: Checked 2 directories and 0 files rootlocalhost root# ls /mnt/sd1/ aquota.group aquota.user lost+found aquota.group 和aquota.user两个数据文件，用来分配组和用户的配额情况。 rootlocalhost root# quotaon 或reboot或quotaon /dev/sdb1 rootlocalhost root# edquota -u redhat Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard /dev/sdb1 125 10 0 80 0 10 注：blocks表示：块的数量；inodes表示：节点的数量或建立文件的个数； soft表示：软限制，可以超过这个数值的设定，但是有天数限制； hard表示：硬限制，这是一个任何时候也不能超过的数值，永远不可能达到。 rootlocalhost root# ls /mnt/sd1 aquota.group aquota.user lost+found rootlocalhost root# mkdir /mnt/sd1/redhat rootlocalhost root# chown redhat /mnt/sd1/redhat/ rootlocalhost root# su - redhat redhatlocalhost redhat$ pwd /home/redhat redhatlocalhost redhat$ cd /mnt/sd1/redhat/ redhatlocalhost redhat$ pwd /mnt/sd1/redhat redhatlocalhost redhat$ quota Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 4 10 0 1 0 9 redhatlocalhost redhat$ ls -lh total 8.0K drwxrwxr-x 2 redhat redhat 4.0K Mar 12 22:41 dir drwxrwxr-x 2 redhat redhat 4.0K Mar 12 22:41 dir1 redhatlocalhost redhat$ ls -ld drwxr-xr-x 4 redhat root 4096 Mar 12 22:41 . redhatlocalhost redhat$ dd if=/dev/zero of=file1 bs=1k count=1024 1024+0 records in 1024+0 records out redhatlocalhost redhat$ quota -u redhat Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 1040* 10 0 6days 4 0 9 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file1 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file2 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file3 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file4 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file5 redhatlocalhost redhat$ ls file1 file2 file3 file4 file5 redhatlocalhost redhat$ quota -u redhat Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 1032* 10 0 6days 6 0 9 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file6 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file7 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file8 redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file9 sd(8,17): write failed, user file limit reached. touch: creating file9: Disk quota exceeded redhatlocalhost redhat$ touch file10 touch: creating file10: Disk quota exceeded redhatlocalhost redhat$ quota -u redhat Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 502): Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace /dev/sdb1 1032* 10 0 6days 9* 0 9 redhatlocalhost redhat$ cat /etc/fstab LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom udf,iso9660 noauto,owner,kudzu,ro 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,owner,kudzu 0 0 /dev/sdb5 /mnt/sdb5 ext3 defaults 0 0 rootlocalhost root# repquota -a * Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb1 Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days Block limits File limits User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace - root - 20 0 0 2 0