many和much的用法.doc

many和much的用法（作形容词和代词）A many和much many（形容词）用在可数名词之前。much（形容词）用在不可数名词之前。He didnt make many mistakes他没犯多少错。We havent much coffee家里的咖啡不多了。many和much的比较级和最高级形式相同，都是more和most：more mistakescoffee更多的错误咖啡most mendamage 几乎全部的男士几乎所有的损害many，much，more，most可作代词使用：He gets a lot of letters but she doesnt get many他收到的信很多，可她的信不多。You have a lot of free time but I havent much你有许多空闲时间，可我没有。more和most的用法较灵活，many和much在否定动词后面用得比较多（见上文的例子），但many和much在肯定动词和疑问动词后用法较受限制。B many和much与肯定动词连用many前加上a goodgreat时可与肯定动词连用。many与much用soas/too修饰时也可以与肯定动词连用。I made a good many friends there我在那里交了许多朋友。He has had so many jobs that他做过了这么多种工作，以致She read as much as she could她尽量多读书。They drink too much（gin）他们（杜松子酒）喝得太多了。many是宾语或宾语的一部分而前面不加任何修饰语时，常常被 a lot/lots of（+名词）或a lot，lots（代词）代替。much是宾语或宾语的一部分时常常被a greatgood deal of（+名词）或agreatgood deal（代词）代替：I saw a lotlots of seabirdsI expect you saw a lot too我看到了许多海鸟。想必你也看到了许多。He spends a lotlots of/a great deal of money on his house他在房子上花很多钱。既可以用many也可以用a lot（of）作主语或作主语的一部分，但这里的much通常由其他形式代替。但much在正规英语中是允许这样用的：Much will depend on what the minister says很多事要取决于部长怎么说。试将肯定句和否定句作一比较：He hasnt won many races他没有赢过几次比赛。Youve won a lotlots of racesYouve won a lotYouve won a greatmany（races）你赢过多次比赛。He didnt eat much fruit他没有吃多少水果。She ate a lot/lotsa great deal of fruitShe ate a lota great deal她吃了大量的水果。C many和much与疑问动词连用两者前都可加how：How many times？多少次？How much？多少？在不用how的问句中，many也可使用。如预期得到的是肯定的回答，则最好使用a lot（of）：Did you take a lot of photos？I expect you did你拍了许多照片吗？我想你拍了。用much时不加h