MBA,MPA,MPACC联考英语词汇数词.doc

MBA,MPA,MPACC联考英语词汇数词【mba加油站】一、数词的定义和分类数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词可以分为两类，即基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词，表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词。 二、数词的语法功能基数词或序数词可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语和状语等。Two twos are four. (基数词作主语)The first is better than the second. (序数词作主语)She was the third to arrive. (序数词作表语)We three failed the English exam. (基数词作同位语)I hate riding two on a bike. (基数词作状语)When did youfirst meet him? (序数词作状语)三、基数词1. 基数词的构成(1) 1-12 为独立单词，分别用one， two，three，four， five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,eleven, twelve 表示；13-19 以后缀-teen 结尾，分别用thirteen， fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 表示； 20-90 以后缀-ty结尾，分别用twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty， seventy, eighty, ninety 表示。(2) 百-hundred、千-thousand、百万-million、十亿-bil1ion、兆trillion(3)十位与个位之间需用连字符隔开。43forty-three 21twenty-one(4) 百位与十位之间用and 连接。637 six hundred and thirty-seven(5 )四位以上数字的读法1, 234， 567， 890billion, million, thousand, hundred读成one bi1lion, two hundred and thirty-four million， five hundred and sixty-seventhousand, eight hundred and ninety 2. 基数词的用法(1)确指数字时，基数词只能用单数形式。two hundred teachers two dozen (of) eggsfive score (of) students three score and ten years(2) 基数词在表示好几十、成百上千、成千上万等不确定的数字，与of 连用时，要使用复数形式。dozens/scores of time hundreds of studentsthousands of birds tens ofthousands of antsmillions of people(3)基数词+名词(+形容词) 基数词+名词-ed都可以构成复合形容词，作前置定语。基数词，名词和形容词中间要用连字符，名词要用单数形式。a five-hundred-word compositiona ten-storeyed buildinga ten-year-old girl (=a girl ten years old)a five-meter-wide road (=a road five meters wide)(4) 基数词表示年代。2002 年 two thousand and two1989 年 nineteen eighty-nine (=nineteen hundred and eighty-nine)1980s(1980s) nineteen eighties73A.D.(A.D.73) seventy-three A.D.345B.C.(B.C.345) three forty-five B.C.(=three hundred and forty-five B.C.)(5) 基数词表示时刻。1) 12 小时计时制在12 小时计时制中，整点后用oclock ，也可不用。表示上午时间用a. m./am/ A.M.，表示下午时间用p.m/pm/P.M.。 直接表达法6:00 six (oclock)9:25 nine twenty-five a.m.12:30 twelve thirty p.m. 间接表达法用past/after (过)， to/of ( 差)也可以表示时刻过或差的时间一般限定在30分钟以内。9:25 twenty-five past/after nine a.m.12:30 thirty past/after twelve (=half past/after twelve)7:45 fifteen to/of eight (=a quarter to/of eight)2) 24 小时计时制在24 小时计时制中，时刻后用hours 表示。零点zero hours (=zero hour, O hundred hours)09:00(0900) O nine hours (=O nine hundred hours)18:00(1800) eighteen hundred hours13:45(1345) thirteen forty-five hours(6) 基数词表示书页、住所、房间、教室，电话号码等。第3 页Page three (=P.3)Room 301 Room three O one电话2839096 two eight three, nine 0 nine, six(7)基数词表示数学公式。2+3=5 Two plus/and three is/are/equals/is equal to/makes/make five.10-4=6 Ten minus four is six.Four from ten leaves/is six.7x3=21 Seven times/multiplied by three is twenty-one.Seven threes is twenty-one.93=3 Nine divided by three is three.(8) 基数词表示人的大概年龄，用于in +ones+基数词复数结构中。He died in his sixties.She is still in her early/middle/late twenties.He is in his early/late teens.(9) 基数词用于in the +基数词复数形式结构中，表示年代。in the early twentiesin the eighties of last century( 10) 基数词表示每，每隔的意义，用于every+基数词+复数名词结构中。every four days (每4 天或每隔3 天)every other day, every two days (每隔1 天)every few days (隔些日子)( 11 )基数词构成的习惯用语ten to one 十有八九 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟inlby twos and threes 三三两两 in twominds 三心二意six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两四、序数词1. 序数词的构成序数词主要是通过在基数词词尾加th 构成的，如:fourth， thirteenth, tenth 等，但也有一些其他拼写形式。(1)几个不规则拼写形式。onefirst(1st) twosecond (2nd) three third (3rd) fivefifth (5th)eight eighth(8th) nine ninth (9th) twe1vetwelfth (12th)(2) 以-ty结尾的基数词变为序数词，把y 变i 为再加eth。twenty twentieth thirtythirtieth fortyfortieth fiftyfiftiethsixtysixtieth seventyseventieth eightyeightieth ninetyninetieth(3)两位数的基数词变为序数词，只需将个位数变为序数词，十位数不变。thirty-onethirty-first sixty-threesixty-third seventy-nine seventy-ninth2. 序数词的用法(1)序数词一般都要和定冠词或物主代词连用。This is the third time that 1 have been to Beijing.Tom was their second son.(2) 序数词还可以和不定冠词连用，此时不定冠词表示再一，又一的意思。We have to do it a second time.When I sat down, a third person rose to speak.(3)序数词表示每隔的意义，用于every+，序数词+单数名词结构中。every fourtb day (每4 天或每隔3 天)every tenth meter (每10 米或每隔9 米)every second day (每隔1 天)(4) 序数词表示编号，但不如基数词使用的普遍。Unit One = the first unitPart Two = the second partParagraph Five = the fifth paragraph(5 )序数词表示日期。August 1(st) 读成August the frrst 或the first of AugustMay 23(rd) 读成May the twenty-third 或the twenty-third of May(6) 序数词构成的习惯用语second to none 不亚于、胜过 second on1y to 仅次于at first sight 乍看起来 first ofall 首先give it a second thought 再想一下 First come, first served. 捷足先登五、分数词、小数词、百分数和倍数表示法1.分数词的构成和读法分数词是由基数词和序数词合成的，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。除了分子为1 的情况外，序数词都用复数形式。整数和分数之间用and 连接。1/3one-third 2/3two-third 7/8seven eighths 3(5/6)three and five-sixths1/2one half 1/4one-fourth(one quarter) 3/4three-fourths(three quarters)注意当分数词的分子和分母都较大日时才，分子和分母要用基数词表示，中间用over连接。25/87twenty-five over eighty-seven2. 小数词的构成和读法小数中的小数点读作point ，零读作zero 或naught。小数点前的读法和基数词相同，后面的数字则分别读出。2.16 two point one six0.071 zero point zero seven one (=naught point naught seven one)15.87 fifteen point eight seven321.34 three hundred and twenty one point three four3. 百分数的掏成和读法百分数用基数词+%表示，%读作percent; 千分数用基数词+表示。0.5% zero/naught point five percent45% forty-five percent82.07% eighty-two point zero/naught seven percent3 three thousandths注意 percentage 意为百分比、百分率一般不与具体数字连用。如表示百分之几，需用基数词+% 。What is the percentage of nitrogen in air? -About 78 percent.According to a recent survey, the percentage ofworking women is stuck at 32%.4. 常用的倍数表示法( 1 ) N+times +名词+ofThe apples are three times the weight of the pears.The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.(2) N+times +as+形容词(副词) +asThe room is twice as wide as that one.Our college is three times as large as theirs.( 3 ) N+times +形容词(副词)比较级+thanThe oil output this year is four times greater than that of last year.Our college is three times bigger than theirs.(4) increase N+times/fold 、increase+a factor of+N结构以及表示特定倍数的动词double， triple 等，都表示增加到N 倍，增加了