译林牛津版六年级知识点整理.doc

知识点归纳 班级： 姓名：句子时态归纳一、一般现在时（句子中通常有always，usually，often，sometimes，never，every, on Mondays/）1、句型结构：主语+V.(s)如果主语是三单，谓语动词加s或者es.例如：Helen likes listening to music. My sister has a toy cat.如果主语不是三单，谓语动词用原形。例如：I like listening to music. I have a toy cat.2、动词+s/es形式（1）一般动词后加s 如 reads（2）以s、 x 、ch、 sh 结尾,加es 如 watches（3）以辅音字母+o 结尾,一般加es 如 goes（4）辅音+y 结尾,变y为i ,再加es如worries.二、一般现在进行时 （句子中通常有now，listen, look, 具体时间等）1、句型结构：主语+ be +V.ing例如：I am singing in the classroom. Liu Tao is reading in the bedroom.2、动词ing形式（1）一般情况直接加ing， play playing（2）以不发音的“e”结尾，去“e”加ing，skate skating（3）双写词尾字母加ing，sitsitting, swimswimming, runrunning, putputting, getgetting, beginbeginning,shopshopping, stopstopping三、一般过去时（句子中通常有just now，ago，yesterday，last, before等）1、句型结构：主语+ V.ed谓语动词加ed（不规则动词：go-went，come-came等）例如：I listened to music last night. Liu Tao went to the zoo yesterday.2、动词ed形式（1）一般情况直接+ede.g. play played（2）闭音节单词双写末尾单词+ede.g. stop stopped， shop shopped（3）原形与过去式同型e.g. read-read，hit-hit， put-put，let-let，cut-cut，loselost（4）以辅音+y结尾去y变i+ede.g. copy-copied，cry-cried，study-studied，become-became（5）不规则动词的过去式is-wasam-wasare-weredo-didcan-couldbegin-beganbring-broughtbuy-boughtcatch-caughtteach-taughtchoose-chosecome-cameget-gotdraw-drewkeep-keptdrive-droveeat-atefind-foundfly-flewforget-forgothear-heardgive-gavego-wentgrow-grewhave-haddrink-dranktry-triedknow-knewlearn-learnt/learnedmake-madesend-sentmeet-methold-heldwear-woreride-rodering-rangrun-ransay-saidsee-sawshall-shouldsing-sangsit-satsleep-sleptspeak-spokespend-spentstand-stoodsweep-sweptswim-swamtake-tookteach-taught四、一般将来时（句子中通常有tomorrow，next，soon，this afternoon，this evening）谓语动词结构是：be going to +do（表示计划、打算做） 或者will +do（表示即将发生）句型结构：主语+ be going to / will + V.原形例如： I am going to have an English lesson tomorrow. He will have an English lesson tomorrow.动词使用1、用动词原形（1）情态动词：can，cant ，should，shouldnt，must，mustnt，could，couldnt，will，wont 后面用动词原形,（2）助动词do，dont， does，doesnt，did，didnt后面用动词原形。（3）let，help 后面用动词原形2、动词加inglike doing, love doing, go doing, finish doing, stop doingNo doing（禁止做某事e.g. No eating or drinking.）介词（be good at，about，for）后面动词加ing等3、加to加动词原形want to do，would like to do，have to do（不得不做某事）,be going to do ，how to do（怎么样做某事），its time to do（的时间到了）, forget to do(忘记做), remember to do（记得做），try to do （试着做），use/reuse to do（用/再利用做），主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词主格宾格形物我（的）Imemy我们（的）weusour你（的）youyouyour你们（的）youyouyou他（的）hehimhis她（的）sheherher它（的）ititits他们（的）theythemtheir动词和介词后用宾格：动词如：help( help me) / let (let us) / make (you) 介词如：for(me) / from(him) /to (you) 名词使用1、a lot of，lots of，some，a few，many，how many后面加可数名词复数，a lot of，lots of，some，a little，much，how much后面加不可数名词。2、可数名词与不可数名词的分类可数名词不可数名词sweet(s), cake(s), ice cream(s), egg(s), noodle(s), hamburger(s), sandwich(es), hot dog(s), lollipop(s), sausage(s), steamed bun(s), vegetable(s), carrot(s), bean(s), tomato(es), potato(es), apple(s), pear(s), peach(es), mango(es), grape(s) water, milk, juice, coffee, cola, tea, soup, porridge, cereal, rice, bread, meat3、名词单复数（1）一般情况，+s（2）名词以s、x、sh、ch结尾，+es （3）名词以“o”结尾，有生命的+es （如potato potatoes）；无生命的+s（如photo photos）（4）名词以“y”结尾，元音（a,e,i,o,u）+y结尾直接+s；辅音+y结尾去y变i+es（5）名词以“f”/“fe”结尾，去f/fe变ve+s（6）特殊：manmen， toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren 形容词，副词1. 形容词用于修饰名词：He is a happy boy. 副词用于修饰动词：He always sing happily.2. 连系动词用形容词修饰：be动词(is, am, are), look, feel, keep, smell, taste, sound, get, become, make举例：look happy, feel good, keep healthy, smell nice, taste good, sound good, become sunny3. 形容词到副词的变化规律形容词副词形容词副词形容词副词一般情况直接+ly特殊变化辅音+y结尾， 去y变i +lybeautifulbeautifullygoodwellhappyhappilycarefulcarefully形容词、副词同形angryangrilyloudloudlyhighhigheasyeasilybadbadlyfastfastbusybusilyexcitedexcitedlyearlyearlyheavyheavilyquietquietlylatelatequickquicklyslowslowlysadsadly动词变职业名词1、动词+er/r结尾：play - player，teach - teacher， sing - singer， work - worker，clean - cleaner， drive - driver， write - writer， dance - dancer， paint - painter，love - lover， travel - traveller2、+orvisit - visitor3、 -ist结尾：piano - pianist，science - scientist， art - artist，牙医 dentist 4、- man结尾：post - postman， milk - milkman， space - spaceman， fire - fireman_5、男/女职业：police - policeman（男），police - policewoman（女）act - actor（男）， act - actress（女）wait - waiter（男）， wait - waitress（女）6、医生doctor，护士nurse，农民farmer，宇航员astronaut7、China中国-Chinese中国人America美国-American美国人France法国-French法国人the UK英国-British英国人 England英国- English英国人Australia澳大利亚- Australian澳大利亚人Japan日本 - Japanese 日本人the US/ America美国 - American 美国人句型转化一、 一般疑问句做法：（1）有Be动词（amis arewaswere）时，将Be动词提到句首，剩余部分照抄；（2）有情态动词can/would/must/will/should时，将can/would/must/will/should提到句首，剩余部分照抄；（3）没有Be动词（amis arewaswere）和情态动词can/would/must/will/should时，句首用助动词do/does/did;（4）注意点：I变you, my 变your, us变you, me变you, our 变your. some变any二、 否定句（1）在句中的动词amis arewaswere或can/would/must/will/should后面加not.（2）如果没有amis arewaswere或can/would/must/will/should就在动词前加dont, doesnt或didnt.三、划线部分提问：根据划线内容找到疑问词。问物品：what 问时间：what time问地点：where问数量：how many问年龄： how old问价格：how much问颜色：what colour问人名： who问谁的：whose问形状：what shape(注意问正在做某事问句句型： What doing?)四、同义句1、Its time to 加动词原形= Its time for 加名词e.g. Its time to have lunch. Its time for lunch.2、send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.e.g. Please send me some photos. = Please send some photos to me.3、show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.e.g. Please show me some photos. = Please show some photos to me.4、buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.e.g. Please buy me some photos. = Please buy some photos for me.5、How about? = What about?6、What time is it? = What is the time?7、What is the weather like? = How is the weather?8、come from = be frome.g. Where do you come from? = Where are you from? I come from China. = I am from China.9. What + 名词短语！= How +形容词+名词！e.g. What a nice book! = How nice the book is!10. be good at=do well ineg: Im good at playing basketball.=I do well in playing basketball. 11. look after=take care of Eg: You should look after your little sister.= You should take care of your little sister. 12. He walks to school every day.=He goes to school on foot every day. 几点补充说明1、excited用来形容人，exciting用来形容事物，excitedly用来形容人的动作。2、There be句型（1）就近原则。例如：There is an apple and some pears. There are some pears and an apple.（2）问物的问句只能：What is +方位词例如： Whats on the desk? There are some books.（3）there be句型的将来时态：There is/are going to beThere will be 3、序数词一般词尾加th，1,2,3，特殊记：one-first，two-second，three-third；8减t：eight-eighth；9减e：nine-ninth；ve要用f替：five-fifth，twelve-twelfth；见y变成i和e，加上th莫忘记：twenty-twentieth，thirty-thirtieth，forty-fortieth；若要遇见几十几，只变个位就可以：twenty-two（序数词）twenty-second，thirty-nine（序数词）thirty-ninth 还有一点莫忘记，前面还有the4、日期表达：日期的表达由以下结构组成：(1) 序数词 月份(2) the +序数词+of +月份例如：十月一日 1st October 或者 the first of October ， 附：月份单词一月 January 二月 February 三月March 四月April 五月 May六月June 七月 July 八月August 九月September 十月October 十一月 November 十二月December附：星期单词星期天 Sunday 星期一 Monday 星期二 Tuesday 星期三 Wednesday星期四 Thursday 星期五 Friday 星期六 Saturday 5、时间的表达：1.直接表达法A. 用基数词 + oclock来表示整点如：eight oclock 八点钟B. 用基数词按钟点 + 分钟的顺序直接写出时间.如：six forty 六点四十2.间接表达法A.如果分钟数少于30分钟,可用分钟 + past + 钟点表示，如：twenty past four 四点二十B.如果分钟数多于30分钟,可用（60分钟-原分钟数）+ to +（原钟点数+ 1）表示，如：8:35 可表示为twenty-five to nine八点三十五（其中的分钟数twenty-five 是由60分钟减去35分钟得 到的；钟点数nine是由8加上1得到的）.C. 当分钟数是15分钟时,可用名词quarter （一刻钟）表示.如：7:15可表示为 a quarter past sevenD. 当分钟数是30分钟时，可用名词half （一半）表示.如：9:30 可表示为 half past nine6、rain, rain, rainy区分：a. Theres a lot of rain in Suzhou in spring. （rain名词，不可数名词）b. Does it often rain in summer in the UK? （rain动词）c. Its often rainy in my hometown. （rainy形容词）7、help sb. with sth.与help sb do sth. 区分a. Can you help me with my Maths? b. I often help my parents do housework. 8、系动词（make, feel, keep, taste, smell, get, look, sound, become, be）后加形容词。文化小知识：1. This is an American cowboy. Hes wearing jeans. 这是一个美国牛仔。他正穿着牛仔裤。2. This is a Scottish man. Hes wearing a kilt. 这是一个苏格兰男人。他正穿着一条苏格兰短裙。3. There are three main school holidays in the UK. They are the Easter holiday, the summer holiday and the Christmas holiday. 在英国有三个主要的学校假期。它们是复活节假期，暑假和圣诞节假期。4. The Americans invented the aeroplane. 美国人发明了飞机。5. The British invented the train. 英国人发明了火车。6. In the UK, people call the metro “underground”. 7. In the US, people call the metro “subway”.8. Earth Day is on 22nd April. 地球日在4月22日。9. World Environment Day is on 5th June. 世界环境日在6月5日。10. Christmas is the most important holiday in the UK. 圣诞节是英国最重要的节日。11. Chinese New Year is the most important festival in China. We also call it “Spring Festival”. 在中国新年是最重要的节日。12. Thanksgiving is a very important holiday in the US. 在美国感恩节是一个非常重要的节日。13. This Aesops Fables. You can find many animal stories in it. 这是伊索寓言。你可以在书中找到很多动物的故事。14. This is a Chinese idiom book. You can also find many animal stories in it. 这是一本中国成语故事书。你也能在书中找到许多动物故事。15. Chinese people often have some porridge and steamed buns for breakfast. 中国人早餐经常喝粥，吃包子。16. Western people often have cereal, bread, eggs and sausages for breakfast. 西方人早餐经常吃麦片，面包，鸡蛋和香肠。17. In the UK, people drive on the left side of the road. 在英国，人们在道路左侧开车。18. In China, except Hong Kong and Macau, people drive on the right side of the road. 在中国，除了香港和澳门，人们在道路的右侧开车。19. In China, except Hong