习俗礼仪中英文对照.doc

习俗礼仪中英文对照.txt如果背叛是一种勇气，那么接受背叛则需要更大的勇气。爱情是块砖，婚姻是座山。砖不在多，有一块就灵；山不在高，守一生就行。Japanese etiquette is based on the Japanese state of mind, education derived through the. Japanese etiquette is characterized by: pay attention to beauty and mood-US movements. Through its own actions to convey to each other in good faith, friendship, respect for others, care and understanding. 日本式礼仪是根据日本人的心境、教养经提炼而成的。日本式礼节的特点是：讲究动作美和心境美。通过自身的行动向对方传达真诚、友爱、尊重他人、关心和体谅的心情。Greetings 问候The Japanese believe that the main greeting greeting action should be. The time greeting each other, the most taboo, or right depending on the eyes squint. With your eyes man marking, it seems that people should see through this practice is seen as impolite action. So, what does the right location. Japans past, flat head, flat milk (room), flat shoulder view. The most standard practice is to require people to flat head, flat shoulder, flat angle of the composition of milk corners, select the location of the middle of the best visual position. The so-called best part of it is that those who expressed their willingness to listen to each other greeting speech posture. 日本人认为，问候应以动作问候为主。相互间表示问候的时候，最忌讳眼睛斜视或者对视。用眼睛盯人，似乎要把人看透，这种做法也被视为失礼的动作。那么，什么位置合适呢。日本过去有平目、平乳(房)、平肩的说法。现在最标准的做法是要求人们将平目、平肩、平乳的角度组成四角，选正中的位置为最佳目视部位。所谓最佳部位是指问候者表示愿意听对方讲话的姿式。The standard second-class visual area of about an inch or so away from the flat shoulder and the amount of the Ministry of flat, flat umbilical point of the composition of corners. Select a location can be within the four corners. If you look out of this range, it will cause the other party feel eyes squint. 标准的第二级目视部位为离平肩约一寸左右部与平额、平脐的角度组成四角。选四角范围内一部位即可。如果目光脱离这个范围，就会使对方感到目光斜视。Is a very easy conversation between the two sides, if one side of the eye from the visual part of the second level, but also make the other feel rude. If a crowded place, far to find his friend, can be gently raised his hands and waved to each other. If the person was found, it should be looking at a distant friend, say a few words of greeting.就是在双方进行十分轻松的谈话时，如果有一方的目光脱离第二级目视部位，也会使对方感到失礼。如果在人群拥挤的地方，远远地发现了自己的朋友，可轻轻举起手来，向对方招手致意。如果对方发现，就应看着远处的朋友，讲一些问候的话。 Bumping into an acquaintance, when the important ritual action far more than speech. The most common is the Shi pike ceremony. If the relationship is very close, but also Shi hands or patting ceremony. In short, the salute must first consider the other side before with their affinities. The handshake, the handshake between men and women should be first reached for the woman. Seniors and juniors between the younger generation should first reach out. Thank you, Good-bye, yes, Good Morning, Good Night, Im sorry, Please is a frequently used courtesy of the Japanese language.熟人打照面的时候，礼仪动作的重要远远超过致词。最常见的是施屈体礼。如果双方关系甚密，还可施握手礼或者拍拍肩膀。总之，施礼之前必须首先考虑对方与自己的亲疏关系。就握手而言，男女之间握手，应由女方首先伸手。前辈、晚辈之间，则应晚辈首先伸手。“谢谢”、“再见”、“是”、“早安”、“晚安”、“对不起”、“请”是日本人经常使用的礼貌语言。 Japanese population is almost no one ever Wuzhou. It appeared only in recent years, he and her argument. Under normal circumstances, honorifics completely replaced by the person. Therefore, the proper use of honorifics is essential for the Japanese. In principle, to talk about the relationship between themselves or with their closest person to use self-deprecating language. On the relationship with each other when close to people and seniors to use honorifics. Those who respectfully and indiscriminate use of honorifics, or even making things when I use the honorific others who would be regarded as lacking in upbringing. It can be said whether the proper use of language in Japan is often judge a person uneducated important basis. With acquaintances in the middle of the road or at the station ticket gate to talk about long-distance, on the tram for their acquaintances to let others are rude the performance of your seat. In public places, the Japanese stressed the need to first consider the Do not trouble to others. Therefore, people often talk about looking for long-distance call or not to influence others to walk the roadside location. In addition, not only consider their own, regardless of the other, a taste to talk a Mei Wan. Japanese think it is a lack of respect for the performance of others. 日本语口浯中几乎没有人称。只是近年来才出现了“他”与“她”的说法。在一般情况下，敬语完全取代了人称。因此，正确使用敬语对于日本人来说至关重要。原则上谈自己或者与自己关系亲近的人时要用自谦语。谈与对方关系亲近的人及前辈时要使用敬语。那些恭恭敬敬地胡乱使用敬语，甚至提本人的事时也使用敬语的人会被旁人视为缺乏教养。可以说，在日本能否正确使用语言往往是判断一个人有没有教养的重要根据。与熟人在道路中间或者在车站检票口谈长话，在电车上让别人为自己的熟人让座都是失礼的表现。在公共场合，日本人强调必须首先考虑“不要给别人添麻烦”。因此，人们谈长话时往往寻找路边或者不影响他人行走的地点。此外，不能只考虑自己，不顾对方，一味儿地聊个没完。日本人认为这是一种不尊重他人的表现。Encountered on the street elders, superiors, even though there is no need to take off their coats, but it must be easy to take off the hat, gloves off, and then salute. Taking into account the traffic problems, must be elders, superiors so that to be able to shelter their location. Taking full account of each others circumstances, to greetings, but must pay attention to simple and concise. 在大街上遇到长辈、上司，尽管没有必要脱下大衣，但必须将容易脱掉的帽子、手套摘下，然后施礼。考虑到交通上的问题，必须把长辈、上司让到能够庇护他们的地点。在充分考虑对方的情况下，进行问候，但一定要注意简单、扼要。 Proper use of language is an art. Speak of the voice, tone, speed, pronunciation talk directly affect the results. Under normal circumstances, talk to user-friendly, giving each other a pleasant feeling as good, too dirty or too high-tone tend to hinder the individuals image. In particular, note that when greeting each other as far as possible not to use with their professional, highly job-related vocabulary, so as not to understand each other. Then say something profound truth, others do not think people great conversation. The topic of religion and politics often involve personal position, thus such words as little as possible reach and easily talk about the events of that day is still possible. Generally speaking, with each other to talk about literature, art, sports topics, the obstacles will be less, but forbidden to each other to express their erudition. In addition, the excessive use of speaking other languages are also uneducated performance. Standard practice is to first according to their situation (age, gender) for the corresponding topic, the use of educated language, easy to talk to. The Japanese believe that, regardless of a person learning have contributed much, if not understand a wide range of social knowledge, unreasonable ways of the world are not educated people. 正确使用语言是一种艺术。说话时的声音、口气、速度、发音等直接影响谈话效果。一般情况下，谈话以通俗易懂、给对方以愉快的感觉为好，过分卑下或者过分高腔调都有碍个人的形象。特别要注意的是，问候对方时尽量不要使用与自己的专业、职务有关的高深的词汇，以免对方费解。这时讲一些高深的道理，旁人并不会觉得谈话人了不起。宗教与政治的话题往往涉及个人的立场，所以这类话尽可能少触及，轻松地谈一谈当天发生的事件还是可以的。一般说来，与对方谈文学、艺术、体育方面的话题，障碍会少一些，但严禁向对方表示自己的博学。此外，过多地使用外语交谈也是没有教养的表现。标准的做法是，首先根据对方的情况(年龄、性别)提出相应的话题，使用有教养的语言，轻松地交谈。日本人认为，无论一个人在学问上有多大的建树，如果不懂广泛的社会知识，不通世故都不是有教养的人。The work, business requirements brief conversation, there is order, focused and has nothing to do with the subject, then minimized. Side too much, too much irrelevant if not transactional language. Be able to attract law-abiding people is a theme to the level of conversation. The Japanese say goodbye ceremony is to each other to express their sincere means. Japans goodbye ceremony for pike main ceremony. In addition to the special intimacy that only Shi shook hands goodbye ceremony, but must pay attention to the shift from the mesh heads, from the first to the man asking for the woman. Pike ceremony known as the bow ceremony, in fact it is a misunderstanding. Pike-li of the most particular about the eye, through the eyes to convey his sincerity to each other. 有关工作、业务方面的谈话要求简明扼要、有顺序、突出重点，与主题无关的话尽量少说。枝节过多，无关的话过多就不是事务性语言。能够把听话的人吸引到主题方面来才是有水平的谈话。日本人的告辞礼是向对方表示自己的诚意的手段。日本的告辞礼以屈体礼为主。除表示特别亲热才施握手告辞礼，但必须注意从目上转向目下，由女方首先向男方伸手。屈体礼被称为低头礼，实际上这是一种误解。屈体礼最讲究眼神，通过眼神将自己的诚意转达给对方。The so-called Pin Zhi-li (head first, the first ceremony, saying that Jian-li, Zhao Jia Li, folding hand-ceremony, ceremony, waving his hands ceremony, co-ordination, together in prayer ceremony) can be selected as appropriate according to the other side salute several ways. 所谓九品礼(目首、首礼、指建礼、爪甲礼、折手礼、招手礼、双手礼、合手礼、合掌礼)是可以根据对方的情况酌情选用的几种施礼方式。The Japanese emphasis is heart-shaped performance. Shaped the course of certain rules, it is long past the Japanese exchanges to heart the most correct way is not to be arbitrarily altered. 日本人强调形是心的表现。形的过程有一定的规矩，它是长年来日本人进行心际交流最正确的方法，是不容随便改动的。The correct action is based on the correct posture. So, to master the correct posture is very important. OK pike ceremony when the action if not careful, will not be able to communicate their feelings to each other. Goodbye ceremony just for the bow-line is far from enough. Pay attention to the correct pike ceremony neck straight, bow their heads to make the other side when you can not see his own chin, spine was straight state. In the meantime, thanks to the other party must contribute with inner feelings. Although the population It goes without saying good-bye, bye, thank you sort of greeting words, but through their own actions, this mood is being communicated to the other side. 正确的动作的基础是正确的姿式。所以掌握正确的姿式十分重要。行屈体礼的时候，动作如有不慎，就不能将自己的心情传达给对方。仅仅为行告辞礼而低头是远远不够的。正确的屈体礼讲究脖颈伸直，低头时要使对方看不见自己的下颏，脊梁呈笔直状态。与此同时，内心必须怀着向对方致谢的心情。尽管口中不用说再见、再会、谢谢之类的寒暄语，但通过自己的动作，这种意境正传达给对方。Pike-li-li-li can be divided into two kinds of ceremony and prostrated themselves. 屈体礼可分为立礼与跪拜礼两种。Li-Li arms natural vertical, fingers separated, mouth open is rude to performance. Five fingers close together vertically down, when the pike with the bodys natural droop. After bidding farewell to the highest standards pike ceremony is bent until the fingers touch the body until the knee. The minimum specifications goodbye pike ceremony only require straight body bent forward from the waist. Japan claims that the principle of accommodating three tone, that is, when the pike inhale, exhale stop still. Re-breathing when the body recover. The Japanese nation knelt-type model is a unique lifestyle. So bow down to the unique ceremony has become the Japanese etiquette. In recent years, knelt Life in Japan have become less fashionable. Some Japanese experts believe that knelt to the Japanese style of life of cervical, lumbar and other activities of a strong position has been damaged so Diao; few people head and neck forward, deflated chest, hump. 立礼手臂自然垂直，五指分开，口张开是不礼貌的表现。五指并拢垂直放下，屈体时随身体自然下垂。最高规格的辞别屈体礼是将身体屈直至手指头触及膝盖为止。最低规格的辞别屈体礼只要求身体从腰部向前直屈。日本人称行礼的原则为三口气，即吸气时屈体、呼气时停止不动再吸气时将身体复原。Japan, however, who has stated that the brain physiology, the correct posture should be conducive to the head rotation, while the Japanese knelt posture is precisely the most conducive to the head rotation. 跪坐式模式是日本民族独特的生活习惯。因此跪拜礼便成为日本人独特的礼节。近些年来，跪坐式生活在日本已不太时兴。一些日本专家认为，跪坐式生活模式使日本人的颈椎、腰椎等活动性较强的部位受到损害，使刁；少人头颈前倾、瘪胸、驼背。但是，日本脑生理学者却指出，正确的坐姿应有利于头部回转，而日本式跪坐姿式恰恰最有利于头部的回转。 Goodbye ceremony is based on the correct knelt posture, the correct pike. According to pike situation and determined that the placing of the arm, and in the process decided to Shi Pin Zhi ceremony of any kind of ceremony. Just remember that in Japan today refers to Jian-li, folding hand ceremony, co-ordination, together in prayer ceremony is sufficient to deal with various scenes of the. Jian Li refers to salute those who require kneeling on the seat surface, first the body straight to 5 degrees flexion, the arm on both sides of the natural vertical, salute when the pike to the knee until your fingers touch. Folded hands requested salute those who kneel at the ceremony, sitting, bent to the two palms flat against body until both knees. Body bent to 45 degrees. If the body bent to 50 degree angle, two hands to two knees, they said the extension ordination. Extension in hand ceremony is between the same generation leaving, goodbye ceremony. With the (station)-li-li, like kneel before ceremony is also very particular about three tones, that salute process to suction, respiratory, smoking is most appropriate. 告辞礼的基础是正确的跪坐姿式，正确的屈体。根据屈体的情况，决定手臂的摆放，并在这一过程中决定施九品礼中任何一种礼。在今天的日本只要记住指建礼、折手礼、合手礼、合掌礼就足够应付各种场面了。指建礼要求施礼者跪于席面上，先将身体直屈至5度左右，两侧手臂自然垂直，行礼时屈体至手指触及膝盖为止。折手礼要求施礼者跪于席上，屈体至两手掌平贴两膝为止。身体屈至45度角。如果将身体屈至50度角，两手掌至两膝盖时，便称拓手礼。拓手礼是平辈人之间告辞的辞别礼。同(站)立礼一样，跪拜礼也十分讲究三口气，即施礼过程以吸、呼、吸最为适宜。葡萄牙人重视礼节,通常在礼貌性寒喧之后都会互相交换名片,但不太守时.由于葡萄牙人十分重视礼貌,无论做官的人,做生意的人,在通电话时一定要先问对方的家人好,对方在奉告后,也会回敬,然后才可以谈正事,就是有再重要的事情,也要先完成这一番礼貌过程后,才能言归正传.送客则一定要亲自送到门口.向葡萄牙友人致意或离席时,宾主互相握手致意也是非常重要的商业礼貌.不论是商业性或政府性的约会必须事先安排.建议我厂商赴葡萄牙以前最好先去函接洽,安排妥当之后再拜访,切勿临时造访.与葡萄牙人洽谈生意,勿让葡萄牙友人有被推销产品的压力.通常葡萄牙人喜欢在旧式、气氛庄严、亲切的咖啡屋洽谈生意,花费不多但效果好.小费:一般餐厅及旅馆已将10%的服务费计入,较高级餐厅、旅馆服务费则高达15%,除里斯本以外的旅馆另须加上3%的观光税.出租车的小费原则上为车资的10%,但不得少于10葡币.饭店的服务员可给20葡币左右的小费,电影院、剧院带位服务员5-10葡币,飞机场或火车站搬运行李的服务人员可多给一点,每件行李50葡币.风俗习惯提倡文明斗牛，不将牛在场内杀死。The Portuguese like to discuss the family, Portuguese and other advantages and personal hobbies, politics and government for the problem is that they try to avoid the topic.葡萄牙人喜欢讨论家庭、葡萄牙的优点和个人的爱好等，对于有关政治和政府的问题却是他们极力避免的话题。Think that using a finger to call people to express an insult, while the right palm of the hand gestures should be down, waving all the fingers or arm. 认为用一个手指去召唤人是表示对人的侮辱，而正确的手势应该是手心向下，挥动所有的手指或手臂。Fashion Etiquette服饰礼仪Portuguese in a formal social occasion great attention to dress and clean, the man wearing a dark suit and tie or tied bow, a very good demeanor. Womens Multi-wear suits or a gorgeous dress. In daily life, the Portuguese are clearly wearing on the job and gender characteristics. Young male staff members like to wear a loose-style suit. More than male students to wear sweatshirts, jeans; female teachers to wear suits.葡萄牙人在正式社交场合十分注意着装整洁，男子身穿深色西服，打领带或系蝴蝶结，风度很好。女子多穿华丽套服或连衣裙。 在日常生活中，葡萄牙人在穿着上有着明显的的职业和性别特点。男性青年职员喜欢穿一种宽松式西服。男大学生多穿运动衫，牛仔裤；女教师多穿套服。 Manners etiquette 仪态礼仪Portuguese comparison etiquette, talking to someone, they sit upright posture, especially the woman, seated legs close together when you pay attention. They do not like a long time gaze people, and if others do so, in their view, is a bad performance. 葡萄牙人比较讲究礼仪，与人交谈时，他们坐的姿势端正，尤其是女子，入座时注意双腿并拢。他们不喜欢久久盯视别人，如果他人这样做，在他们看来，是一种不良的表现。Meet Etiquette相见礼仪Portuguese meet, the men embraced, and used to each other Paijian Bang for the ceremony, the woman in the meet between acquaintances when Zeyi kiss each others face for the ceremony. Meet with foreign friends, they are also sometimes OK handshake ceremony. Portuguese treat people enthusiastic, if a visitor, they are always early to go to the door to greet the guests leave, they always himself to the door. 葡萄牙人相见时，男子习惯热情拥抱并互拍肩膀为礼，女子在熟人之间相见时则以亲吻对方的脸为礼。在与外国友人相见时，他们有时也行握手礼。 葡萄牙人待人热情，如有客人来访，他们总是早早地到门口迎接，客人离去时，他们总要亲自送到门口。Dining Etiquette 餐饮礼仪Portuguese with pasta-based, like to eat bread, sometimes rice. Love to eat beef, pork and aquatic products, eat potatoes, carrots and so on, is quite particular about drinking. The degree of local wine produced is not high, less drinks some Buzhi Yu drunk. 葡萄牙人以面食为主，喜食面包，有时也米饭。爱吃牛肉，猪肉及水产品，常吃土豆，胡萝卜等，饮酒颇有讲究。 当地所产酒的度数不高，少饮一些不至于醉酒。Xi funeral etiquette 喜丧礼仪Portuguese bullfighting is a very popular form of entertainment, are held annually around New Years Day bullfighting performances. The difference is that with the Spanish bullfight, the local bull riding bull, and not to kill cattle, but cattle will be stabbed, so people call this bull bullfighting for civilization. Portugal, in late June each year to lead a city festival. City Festival is mainly to commemorate the people who did good things for people. By then, we should put gun salute, holding public processions and sang happily in the square. 斗牛是葡萄牙人十分喜爱的一种娱乐活动，每年元旦前后都要举行斗牛表演。与西班牙斗牛不同的是，当地斗牛骑马斗牛，而且并不将牛杀死，只是将牛刺伤，因此人们称这种斗牛为文明的斗牛。葡萄牙每年6月下旬要过城市节。城市节主要是为纪念那些替人民做过好事的人物。届时，要放礼炮，举行游行，并在广场上欢歌。Business Etiquette 商务礼仪To Portugal the best choice for business in October in the year to June the following year. In addition, Portugal 12 noon to 3 pm non-office, during which time business will be to find people to contact. Do business and should pay attention to dress, the negotiations if they are wearing a jacket, despite the hot weather, do not take off your shirt. Portuguese traders are more than a French, English and Spanish. Talk business with the Portuguese to be patient.到葡萄牙从事商务活动最好选择在当年的10月至次年的6月。另外，葡萄牙中午12点到下午3点不办公，在这段时间联系商务会找不到人。商谈生意时应注意穿戴，谈判中如果他们穿着上衣，尽管天气热你也不要脱去上衣。葡萄牙商人多会法语，英语和西班牙语。与葡萄牙人谈生意要有耐心。Travel Etiquette 旅游礼仪Portugal has more than 700 kilometers long section of the Central Railroad runs through the north and south, to the major cities and famous scenic spots along the link, in order to provide convenient conditions for tourism. Local store sales, known for its quality of service, they always smile for customer service, in addition to food, other goods, such as dissatisfied customers to buy after the prescribed period may be returned. 葡萄牙有条长约700多公里的中央铁路贯穿南北，把沿线各大城市和著名风景区连接起来，为旅游观光提供了便利条件。 当地商店的营业员以优质服务著称，他们总是面带微笑地为顾客服务，除食品外，其它商品顾客买了以后如不满意可在规定期限内退换。Main contraindications 主要禁忌Portuguese taboo 13 and Friday. 葡萄牙人忌讳13和星期五French table manners Meals, put soup and the Au flat chassis chassis. People generally bread directly on the tablecloth on the table, put a small dessert plates for display. Together the two goblet on the back of each plate, a goblet filled with water, and the other Sheng red wine or white wine. After dinner in the living room coffee. Out of courtesy, to give the owner sufficient time to prepare all the guests are generally late for 15 minutes. Some of my friends brought wine, while others bought the cake at the dessert restaurants. Some things can not be stored long-term Chocolate Festival Wine, flowers, desserts, coffee with a small cake We first stayed in the living room for half an hour to come and an aperitif, followed by seated. During the meal, to observe and imitate others. In the living room drinking some of the aperitif before meals or beverages, it is a small Kouqing discretion juice or alcohol, but only a small amount to drink. Hands on the table, but not excessive, do not write elbows are on the table.Th