湖北省枣阳市高考英语二轮复习 教育类阅读理解选练（4）.doc

2016湖北枣阳市高考英语二轮教育类阅读理解选练（4）2016高考英语阅读理解教育类 language changes all the time. the words used by young people in the uk can be very different to those used by adults. these extremely informal words and expressions are known as “slang”. here are a few examples: instead of using different tag question like isnt it? cant you or dont they? people use “innit”.e.g. its hot here, isnt it?=its hot here, innit! instead of saying very, really or completely, they use “well”. e.g. im well tired. “whatever” means “i dont care”. e.g. a: but the teacher says we cant leave until weve finished. b:whatever. im going. nobody uses slang and not everybody likes it. a school in sheffield, in the north of england, recently instructed its pupils to stop using slang words. the head teacher says that if young people learn to speak correctly this will help them get a good job. when british people use slang, its no surprise that some students say they cant understand native speakers. but perhaps learners dont need to worry about communicating with native speakers so much. research shows that most of the english spoken in the world today is spoken between non-native speakers of the language. in fact, when we think about “international english”, there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.how important is it to understand these slang words and expressions? if you watch films or tv, chat online in english, then understanding slang can be very useful. but you probably wont see much slang in your english exam though. with over seven billion people living on our planet today, its easy to think one persons actions wont make a difference, however, from personal experience, i can say: each of us is capable of making a difference, however small, to someones life.【小题1】based on the slang mentioned above, what is the meaning of “i think you got me well wrong.”? ai think you really hurt my feelingsbi think you totally misunderstood meci think you found the completely wrong persondi think you completely brought the wrong thing【小题2】which of the following is true according to the passage? ait is essential to learn all the british slangbnative english speakers cannot understand each other wellcenglish is used more between non-native speakers currentlydyoung people in britain often use the same slang words as their parents【小题3】in the authors opinion, why shouldnt english learners be concerned about slangs? abritish slangs can hardly come across to english learnersbenglish learners wont speak with the native speakerscenglish learners can make a difference in the worlddthere are more people who dont use native slang to communicate【小题4】the author may agree to the opinion that _. aindividuals can play a part in others lifebslang learning is an important part of language learningcone may express his doubt and disbelief by saying “whatever”denglish learners may feel difficult to communicate without slang 2016高考英语阅读理解教育类boys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity(男子气概)，the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to be consistent to a stereotype(传统观念),a us study says boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their abilities to express their emotions,rather than feeling they had to obey the “boy code” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”. the findings of the study are against the received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls tony little，headmaster of eton，warned that boys were being ignored by the british education system because it had become too focused on girlshe criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls the research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills but in single-sex schools teachers can adjust lessons to boys learning style，letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys author, abigail james of the university of virginia teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to thembecause boys generally have sharper vision，learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on” lessons where they are allowed to walk around.” boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的)and prefer the modern type in which violence and sexism are major themes.” james wrote. single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to give in to a stereotype that men should be “masterful and in charge” in relationships.“in mixed schools boys feel pressed to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means.” the study reported.【小题1】the author believes that a single-sex school would aforce boys to hide their emotions to be “real men”bhelp to form masculine aggressiveness in boyscencourage boys to express their emotions more freelydnaturally place emphasis on the traditional image of a man to boys【小题2】it is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys aperform relatively betterbgrow up more healthilycbehave more responsiblydreceive a better education【小题3】what does tony little say about the british education system? ait fails more boys than girls academicallybit focuses more on mixed school educationcit fails to give boys the attention they needdit places more pressure on boys than on girls【小题4】according to abigail james，one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ateaching can be designed to promote boys team spiritbboys can focus on their lessons without being absent-mindedcboys can choose to learn whatever they are interested indteaching can be adapted to suit the characteristics of boys 阅读理解-c farm-raised pigs are dirty, smelly animals that get no respect. theyre also an environmental hazard. their manure(粪便)contains phosphorus(磷)，which, when it rains, runs off into lakes and rivers, consuming oxygen, killing fish, stimulating algae(藻类)overgrowth and emitting greenhouse gases. doing away with the pig is not an option. pigs provide more dietary protein, more cheaply, to more people than any other animal. northern europe still maintains the highest pig-to-human ratio(比率)in the world (2-1 in denmark), but east asia is catching up. during the 1990s, pork production doubled in vietnam and grew by 70 percent in chinaalong densely populated coastlines, pig density exceeds 100 animals per square kilometer. the resulting pollution is “threatening fragile coastal marine habitats including mangroves(红树林)，coral reefs and sea grasses ,”according to a report released in february by the food and agriculture organization of the united nations.as it turns out, there is a solution to the pig problem, but it requires a change of mind-set among environmentalists and the public. two canadian scientists have created a pig whose manure doesnt contain very much phosphorus at all. if this variety of pig were adopted widely, it could greatly reduce a major source of pollution. but the enviropig, as they call it, is the product of genetic modificationwhich is anathema(忌讳) to many westerners. the enviropig is one of many new technologies that are putting environmentalists and organic-food supporters in a quandary: should they remain categorically(无条件) opposed to genetically modified (gm)foods even at the expense of the environment? elsewhere, trees grown for paper could be made amenable to much more efficient processing, reducing both energy usage and toxic chemical bleach(漂白剂) in waste water from paper mills. the most significant gm applications will be ones that help lessen the problem of agriculture , which accounts for 38percent of the worlds landmass and is crowding out natural ecosystems and species habitats.chances are, farmers will continue to grow their polluting organic pork, their allergenic(引起过敏的)organic soy and their neurotoxin(神经毒素) sprayed organic apples. worse still, they will make sure that no one else gets a choice in the matter of improving the conditions of life on earthunless, that is, others rise up and demand an alternative.11.which of the following statements is true?a. pigs bring more destruction than benefit to human beings.b. no other countries have the higher percentage of pig-to-human than east asia.c. the pork production has increased to 70 in china.d. the pollution brought by pigs is a killer to the creature of the sea.12. the reason accounting for the hesitation to accept the idea of the enviropig is_.a. the poor technology b. the high costc. the moral concept d. the doubt from the public13. what does the underlined word “quandary” mean?a. an agreement b. a negotiationc. a dilemma d. an adventure14. the negative influence brought by the traditional agriculture is_-.a. more living space occupation b. more crop improvementc. more food production d. more chemical application15. what is the best title of the passage?a. how to raise pigs b. whether to choose the gm foodsc. whats gm foods d. the pollution brought by pigs【参考答案】1115、dccab 阅读理解-d whether it is “women and children first” or “every man for himself” in a shipwreck(船只失事) may depend on how long it takes the ship to sink, researchers said recently. when the lusitania was torpedoed（用鱼雷攻击） by a german ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the majority of the survivors were young men and women who responded immediately to their powerful survival instincts（本能）. but when the titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it took “three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilize(文明的) behavior to take controland the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children. economist benno torgler of the queensland university of technology in australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational”(理性的) and selfish manner. the two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in terms of gender (性别) and wealth. the major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. they suggested that when people have little time to react, instincts may rule. when more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. but psychologists(心理学家) noted that many factors other than following social norms could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments(依恋) that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures.the extent (程度) of altruism (利他主义) and how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said anthony r. mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the university of mississippi medical center.he thinks the dominant(主宰的) response was attachment behavior. psychologist daniel kruger of the university of michigan, us thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and more in our evolutionary heritage. human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to save those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”. kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the titanics captain appeared to have greater control than the lusitanias.16. according to benno torgler, what led to the different results between the two shipwrecks?a. the survival instinct. b. the civilized behavior.c. the leadership of the captain. d. the length of time.17. which of the follwing explanations for the two sinkings will be accepted by psychologists?a. human beings are born to be selfish.b. the well-off will be likely to survive.c. social status will play a decisive role in survival.d. human survival is more significant than that of the individuals.18. the following factors have something to do with disasters behaviors except_.a. leadership b. social division of labor c. a feeling of affection d. social regulations19. according to daniel kruger, the young and women in child-bearing years take the priority to survive because_.a. they make a contribution to human continuity b. they deserve everybodys sympathyc. they have stronger survival instincts d. they are the weak who need protecting20. what is the main idea of the passage?a. the passage is mainly about two sinkings that had different result about survivals.b. the passage shows us the true causes that resulted in the two shipwrecks.c. the passage gives us a definite explanation about the different consequence of survivals of the two shipwrecks.d. the passage gives us various possible analyses about the disaster behaviors.【参考答案】1620、ddbad 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。a higher reading rate, with no loss of comprehension, will help you in other subjects as well as in english ,and the general principles apply to any language .naturally, you will not read every book at the same speed. you would expect to read a newspaper, for example ,much more rapidly than a physics or economics textbook but you can raise your average reading speed over the whole range of materials you wish to cover so that the percentage gained will be the same whatever kind of reading you are concerned with .the reading passages which follow are all of an average level of difficulty for your stage of instruction. they are all about five hundred words long .they are about topics of general interest which do not require a great deal of specialized knowledge. thus they fall between the kind of reading you might find in your textbooks and the much less demanding kind you will find in a newspaper or light novel .if you read this kind of english, with understanding at four hundred words per minute, you might skim through a newspaper at perhaps 650700, while with a difficult textbook you might drop to two hundred or two hundred and fifty.perhaps you would like to know what reading speeds are common among native english-speaking university students and how those speeds can be improved .tests in minnesota, u.s.a., for example, have shown that students without special training can read english of average difficulty, for example, tolstoys war and peace in translation, at speeds of between 240250 word