阅读理解长句难句分析.ppt

阅读理解中的长句难句分析 Step1 Doyouknowthesentencestructureofthefollowingsentences Thetelephonerang Sheisreadinganovel Heputthevaseonthetable Themeetinglastedfortwohours Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 主语 系动词 表语 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 状语 Step2 Trytounderstandthelongsentences 1 IfthebeeshadstayedinBrazil thiswouldhavebeenbadenough Butnowtheyareonthemove headingnorthwardincountlessmillionstowardsCentralandNorthAmerica 2 Itwasnotunusualtoseechildrendoingtheworkofadultsingreatmanyruralareas 3 Harrywasacapablelawyer butitwasdifficultforhimtoliveuptothereputationestablishedbyhismorebrilliantfather 英语中的长句为英语的一大难点 难度存在于 1 句子结构复杂 句子太长2 句子除了主干之外还包含一些附加成分 如插入语 同位语 分隔现象 各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语 分析方法 1 判断是否为常用句式 更好地理解 2 判断该句是简单句 并列句还是复杂句3 找出句子的核心成分 分清主语和谓语4 分清句子的附属成分 剥洋葱法 1 找出句子各个成分 把它分为若干单元2 跳读修饰成分或附加成分3 找出句子主干并理解其意4 然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分 Step3复杂单句的分析方法 句子中的单元 1 who which when where whose that等关系词 特别当心定语从句 2 if unless although though 状语 3 介词短语4 todo不定式5 逗号中间6 逗号 v ing 当心状语 7 分隔符中间 4 Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibilitytomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingaseatbeltofsomekind 4 但是司机有责任确保14岁以下的孩子不要坐在前排 除非他们系好了安全带 5 HTS HalfTheSkyfoundation sentitsvolunteerstohelpstarttheprogramamonthago JaniceCotton aspecialistinchilddevelopmentandearlyeducation startedtrainingChinesenannies teachingthemtoprovidestimulation individualattentionandanactivelearningenvironmentfororphans Step4并列句 分析方法 1 找出并列连词2 根据并列连词的意思 理清句子的关系3 理解句意 常见连词 andso for as thereforebut yet while although thoughnotonly butalsoboth andneither noreither orwould ratherthan 5 WhatdothevolunteersofHTSdotohelpstarttheprogram a TrainingChinesenanniesb Teachingnanniestoprovidestimulation individualattentionforchildrenc Creatinganactivelearningenvironmentforchildrend Alloftheabove 6 Weknowthatyouhaveahighopinionofthekindoflearningtaughtinyourcolleges andthatthecostsoflivingofouryoungmen whilewithyou wouldbeveryexpensivetoyou 6 我们知道你们很看重你们在大学里面教育的学习方法 而且我们的年轻人与你们生活的花费即使对于你们来说也不便宜 7 Thenativepeoplesaidthattheyknewofthiscreatureandcalleditthe yeti andtheysaidtheyhad cauthtYetiesontwooccasionsthoughnonehaseverbeenproduced NMET A evenB hardlyC certainlyD probably Step5主从复合句 分析方法 1 分清主句从句2 分清从句性质3 理解句意 8 IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering factories wheretheydidn tcareifyouhavevaluesorwereflexible 灵活的 可变通的 8 我就上了这样的大学 自以为比那些在工程 工厂 里的学生有更大的优势 在那里根本没人管你是否价值 是否灵活 9 Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend 传奇人物 thisoldcraftman 手艺人 withhiswayofspeakingfamiliarly hiseverystrange dustyfelthat hisfunnyaccentfromwho knows whereand aboveall hisprideinhiscraft 9 Thesentence Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend impliesthat a nowadaysyoucanhardlyfindanyonelikehim b itwasverydifficulttocommunicatewiththismanc Hewasverystranged themanwastooold 综合练习 10 ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyhealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage andhowtheprocessofageingcouldhesloweddown 10 TaijuMatsuzawa教授想找出为什么日本北部的健康农民在相对年轻的年龄就显得开始失去思考与推理的能力的原因以及怎样才能延缓老化过程 11 FirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury thetheorem 定理 hadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique 伊科尔理工学院 NMET 这个定理 先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出 曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难 包括一位法国女科学家 她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展 她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习 WhenAndreaPetersonlandedherfirstteachingjob shefacedthedauntingtaskofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandard basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers 12 Question Theunderlinedword daunting mostprobablymeans A discouragingB interestingC creativeD unbearable ofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandard basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers 13 Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage Tobaccotaxesimprovepublichealth theyraisemoneyandmostparticularly theydeterpeoplefromtakingupthehabitasteens whichiswhennearlyallsmokersareaddicted NMET2009 13 Theunderlinedword deter inpara3mostprobablymeans a discourageb removec benegitd free 14 Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparentsbelievedschoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancialmatters andalmosthalfsaidchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon althoughaminorityofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthenselveswellenoughtoexplain NMET2009 14 Intheopinionofmostparents a economicsshouldbethefocusofschoolteachingb morestudentsshouldbeadmittedtouniverstitiesc theteachingoffinancialmattersshouldbestrengthenedd childrenshouldsolvefinancialproblemsthemselves 15 Thisdefenceofexcellenceandopportunitieswoulddisappearifexaminationsweretakenaway andthebrightchildfromapoorfamilywouldbeaprisonerofhisorherschool sreputation unabletocompeteforenploymentwiththechildfromthefavouredschool 15 Whatwouldhappenifexaminationsweretakenawayaccordingtotheauthor a Schoolsforbrightchildrenwouldlosetheirreputationb Therewouldbemoreopportunitiesandexcellencec Childrenfrompoorfamilieswouldbeabletochangetheirschoolsd Children sjobopportunitywouldbeaffectedbytheirschoolreputation 16 Inordertoexpresstheirloveforoxen peoleinsomeotherareaswillruntoshakeoffdiseasesonthe16thdaytothefirstmonthbythelunarcalendar andduringtheirruntheywilltaketheiroxenalong whichindicatestheyregardthecreatureashuman NMET2009 16 Fromtheparagraph weknowthat a oxenarenomoreimportanttodaythaninthepast b ceremoniesareheldwhenpeoplecookcattlebonesoupc oxenaretreatedashumaninsomeareasofChina d peoplerunwithoxentoshakeoffdiseaseseverymonth 17 Warningpeopleofthisdangerisveryimportantifwearetopreventthegreatlossoflifeseenmanyyearsago IndeediftheFloodWarningsystemthatcurrantlyexistshadbeenaroundonthatcold stormynightinJanuary1953 manyliveswouldhavebeenspared 17 Choosethecorrectstatementsfromthefollowingaccordingtothepassage a SomelivesweresavedbytheFloodWarningSystemin1953b TheFloodWarningsystemwasnotinusein1953c Flooddefencescanstopallflooding d ManypeoplecouldbenefitfromtheFloodWarningsystemin1953 18 Inhisbook hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints suchasthemeltingoftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarcica 18 Theunderlinedwordstippingpointsmostprobablyreferto NMET2009 a freezingpointsb burningpointsc meltingpointsd boilingpoints 强化练习 Practice PMETGD2006 1 Whetherthefinalconsequencesofsuchanexperimentwillcauseseriousdamageornothingmorethanasmalltroublestillremainstobeseen 2 Thesearetimeswhennothingisimportantbutthebottomline whenyoucandothingsanyoldway when inshort peoplelookonworkasapathtoever increasingconsumptionratherthanawaytorealizetheirownabilities 3 2006 Insuchaperioditisararecomforttofindacobblerwhogetshisgreatestsatisfactionfromprideinajobwelldone 4 2006 Whatmakesthisclassdifferfromthelowerclassis first longerperiodsofemployment andtherefore morefixedincomes and second employmentinskilledorsemiskilledoccupations notunskilledones 5 2007 Todayitseemsthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavingsandevenincreaseyourwealthistobuybeautifulobjectsfromthepast 6 2007 Fordecades thefirst choicetreatmentformalariaparasitesinAfricahasbeenchloroquine achemicalverycheapandeasytomake 7 2008 Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself imagebecauseyoucan tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself 8 2008 Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeserf imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjectives andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfof