保持道路桥梁钢筋结构的持续性.doc

保持道路桥梁钢筋结构的持续性我国建设道路主要使用的材料是混凝土，而混凝土结构裂缝问题目前在道路建设的技术问题中具有普遍性，这其中除了是桥梁混凝土原材料质量差等原因，还有一部分原因是施工人员没有合理使用混凝土造成的，如：没有对混凝土强度等级加以重视，使混凝土曝露时间过长从而导致混凝土受潮变性；Road is the main materials used in concrete construction in our country, and the concrete structure crack problem currently in road construction technical problems are universal, which in addition to bridge is the poor quality of the raw materials for the concrete reason, and part of the reason is not reasonable use concrete construction personnel, such as: no of concrete strength grade, the exposure time is too long can lead to concrete be affected with damp be affected with damp concrete degeneration; 道路桥梁出现裂缝不仅会影响结构的美观和正常的使用，而且会削弱桥梁结构的强度和刚度，从而导致工程事故的发生。在施工过程中对混凝土的配合比没有达到规范要求，只凭个人经验不按标准规定随意配比；在浇灌混凝土过程中对混凝土振捣不足或力道过猛；在混凝土模拆除后，没有给予必要的养护，导致混凝土体表缺水出现干裂等，为此，施工人员在施工过程中要对桥梁混凝土进行常规计算。Cracks in roads and Bridges not only affects the appearance and normal use of structure, but also weaken the strength and stiffness of the structure of the bridge, which can lead to engineering accident. In construction process of concrete mixture ratio did not meet specification requirements, only with personal experience dont random proportion as stipulated in the standard; In the process of pouring concrete for concrete vibratory or inadequate strength too hard; In concrete, failed to give the necessary maintenance, lead to concrete surface appear dry water shortage and so on, therefore, construction personnel during construction to routine for the concrete bridge is calculated. 我国规定钢筋混凝土构件的最大裂缝宽度为 0.20.3mm。此外，还要进行温度裂缝计算，采取隔热设计；考虑混凝土结构所处的位置，选择合理的混凝土强度等级；对混凝土配筋率采用适当的计算模式，从材料性能方面和结构形式方面采取有效的综合措施；加之以合理的施工工艺，按设计好的混凝土强度等级要求进行施工，控制水泥用量及水灰比，重视混凝土振捣技术，计算好拆模时间，选用一定份量的外加剂和掺合料（对收缩和水热化影响较小），遇到高温天气时使用井水拌制混凝土，这样可以降低浇灌温度。虽然桥梁混凝土结构中出现裂缝是不可避免的，但是施工人员应该根据裂缝的现状和产生的原因采用合理的治理方法，确保道路桥梁竣工后的美观外形和使用安全。Chinas regulations, the maximum crack width of reinforced concrete member is 0.2 0.3 mm. Also, calculation of the temperature cracks adopt heat insulation design; Considering concrete structures position, select the reasonable concrete strength grade; Is calculated using the appropriate reinforcement ratio of concrete model, from the aspects of material performance and the structure form to adopt effective comprehensive measures; Combined with reasonable construction craft, according to the designed strength grade of concrete requirements for the construction, control the dosage of cement and water cement ratio, concrete vibrating technology, computing a tear open mold time, choose a certain amount of admixture and the admixture (smaller influence on the shrinkage and water heating up), when used in high temperature weather well water mixing concrete, it can lower the water temperature. Even though the bridge concrete structure crack is inevitable, but construction personnel should be according to the status quo and the causes of cracks using reasonable management methods, to ensure that roads and Bridges after the completion of beautiful shape and use safety. 2 桥梁钢筋锈蚀2 Bridges reinforcement corrosion 钢筋的使用寿命与桥梁的使用寿命密切相关， 桥梁钢筋出现锈蚀的话会严重危害道路桥梁的使用寿命和安全。 影响乳化液泵站钢筋锈蚀的因素有很多，如原材料、环境、施工等，以及其他诸如钢筋应力状态等因素也会导致钢筋锈蚀。 桥梁复合土工膜钢筋锈蚀的机理很复杂，因此道路桥梁钢筋防腐是一项系统工程， 需要诸多措施综合治理。 施工酱油工人在建设道路桥梁过程中就要加强桥梁钢筋防护意识， 要使用涂层钢筋，这种钢筋就是在普通低碳钢表面加上防腐涂层， 使其与腐蚀性环境 （酸雨、 尾气、 除冰剂等）隔离开来， 这样就能达到普通低碳钢防腐目的。 涂层材料不能被破坏，不管是在运输、储存还是在安装过程中，这种材料在恶劣条件下具有一定的耐久性和持续性， 在道路桥梁钢筋使用寿命周期内均能保持其结构功能。Steel service life is closely related to the service life of the bridge, bridge steel in corrosion words will cause serious damage to the service life of road and bridge and security. There are many factors that can influence of reinforcement corrosion, such as raw material, environment, construction, etc., as well as other factors such as reinforcement stress also leads to reinforcement corrosion. The mechanism of bridge reinforcement corrosion is very complex, so the roads and Bridges reinforcement corrosion protection is a systematic project, need a lot of measures to comprehensive treatment. Construction workers in the process of the construction of roads and Bridges will strengthen the consciousness of bridge reinforced protection, coating steel is used, this kind of steel is combined with anti-corrosion coating in the surface of normal low carbon steel, make its and corrosive environment (such as acid rain, smog, deicing agent) apart, so it can achieve common mild steel corrosion. Coating material cant be destroyed, neither in the transportation, storage or during the installation process, this kind of material has certain durability and sustainability in harsh conditions, on the road and bridge reinforcement using life cycle can keep its structure function. 此外，施工工人还可以使用电化学防护法阻止桥梁钢筋锈蚀。 这种防护法具有一定的技术含量， 就是使钢筋携带足够数量的多余电子，这样无论腐蚀液体的硬度值如何，钢筋都不会被腐蚀，泰安锅炉始终处于稳定状态。对于已经出现锈蚀的钢筋要积极进行修复： 清除掉所有出现锈蚀区域内的混凝土， 采用喷砂法除掉锈迹， 根据实际情况增加一定数量的钢筋以确保梁体内的含筋量。 最后一点要加以强调的是， 施工工人在加强桥梁钢筋防腐的同时要注意跟当地的实际情况结合起来，要根据道路桥梁的政治经济地位、气候条件、地理位置等对桥梁进行分级，根据分级筛选符合使用要求的、经济合理的防腐材料。And construction workers can also be used to stop the bridge reinforcement corrosion electrochemical protection method. This protective method has a certain technical content, is to make reinforced to carry enough excess electron, regardless of the hardness values of corrosive liquid, it cant corrode steel bar, always in a stable state. For already rusting of reinforcing steel bar to actively repair: remove all appear the corroded area of concrete, sand blasting me