英语简单句型分析教案.doc

简单句的句子成分分析(主语、谓语、宾语)教学目标： 句子的基本成分分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成分，高中阶段的主要语法的学习，如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。教学重难点： 使学生学会分析句子成分教学方法：合作式探究教学步骤：一、句子的主要成分与次要成分句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成分由主语和谓语部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring. (主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)Who left the guest waiting in the meeting room so long?(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语)练习在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成分。1. They are workers from China. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )3. My classmates sent their best wishes to me. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )二、主语、主语的词性及构成讲解主语是句子的主体，是谓语陈述或说明的对象。正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。例如：Deer are animals. (主语由名词deer来充当)Everything goes well. (主语由代词everything来充当)99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当)以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。它们是：不定式、动名词等形式充当主语，动名词短语、不定式短语充当主语以及主语从句充当主语。例如：To say is one thing and to do is another thing. (主语由不定式to say来充当)To host a party is not an easy thing. (主语由不定式短语to host a party来充当)Swimming does good to ones health. (主语由动名词swimming来充当)Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite. (主语由动名词短语walking his pet dog every day来充当)What he said hurt me greatly. (主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当)二、1. You, he and I are all senior school students. (代词)2. Nothing is more important than EQ. (代词)3. To learn a foreign language calls for patience. (不定式短语)4. Being honest will pay. (动名词短语)5. Where his mother will go is a secret. (主语从句)简单句的句子成分分析(主语、谓语、宾语) （二）三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词讲解谓语说明主语的动作、行为、特征或状态，谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息，除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外，谓语动词往往由下列词语中的两个或两个以上依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词。例如：The bike went wrong again. (went作谓语，系动词)Most of my classmates work hard. (work作谓语，不及物动词)He told me his experience in America.(told作谓语，及物动词)Some students are making much noise in the classroom now. (are making作谓语)We will stay at the school at the weekend. (will stay作谓语)Many flowers will have been planted by the end of the year. (will have been planted作谓语)练习将以下句子的谓语动词部分划线。1. The old lady keeps healthy by taking exercise every day.2. Our old books have been sold out already.3. Does he go to work at eight?4. Are you watching football games now?5. You shall be bought a new MP4 player next month.四、宾语、宾语的词性及构成讲解宾语表示行为的对象。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。可以充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、不定式短语、动名词短语、宾语从句等。例如：The factory makes paper. (名词作宾语)I will make it one day. (代词作宾语)The price increased by 10%. (数词作宾语)They planned to go ahead of time. (不定式作宾语)Do you like swimming? (动名词作宾语)Some students asked to act as volunteers. (不定式短语作宾语)I forgot bringing my mobile phone. (动名词短语作宾语)Do you know where he lives? (宾语从句作宾语)简单句的五种基本句型简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句型，下面就让我们看看它们的庐山真面目吧！1. 主谓型（S + V）句中的谓语动词是不及物动词。如：My watch doesnt work today.今天我手表不走了。2. 主谓宾型（S + V + DO）句中的谓语动词为及物动词，其后接名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等作宾语。如：The children in the street all know me. 街上的孩子们都认识我。3. 主系表型（S + V + P）句中的谓语由系动词加表语构成。此类简单句主要反映事物的性质特征或状态。如：He became very popular then. 那时他变得很出名。4. 主谓双宾语型（S + V + IO +DO）句中的谓语是可以带双宾语的及物动词，如give, pass, lend, make, show, buy, teach等。间接宾语一般为人，直接宾语一般为物。如：Mother gave me some pocket money. = Mother gave some pocket money to me. 妈妈给了我一些零花钱。5. 主谓宾补型（S + V + DO +OC）句中的谓语是诸如make, keep, want, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, feel, let, have, see, find等及物动词，其后常接形容词、副词、动词不定式或V-ing形式等作宾语补足语。如：I found the box empty. 我发现盒子是空的。(形容词)He asked our teacher to explain these difficult sentences. 他请我们老师解释这些难句。(动词不定式)简单句的五种基本句型(一)句型一 主语+系动词+表语讲解 (1)系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段，我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall, go, come等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。例如：I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生，他是初中生。After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor.四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。The story sounds interesting and instructive. 这故事听起来既有趣，又有教育意义。(2)可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语)Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes. (介词短语作表语)Youve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time.（现在分词短语作表语）(3)使用系动词应注意的地方：第一，没有被动语态；第二，一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解，高中阶段将涉及。)例如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again.(不用was felt)He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用is remained)比较以下句子：The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.(keeps是系动词，而kept是及物动词)We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.(grew是及物动词，而grow是系动词)Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.(第一个felt是及物动词，而第二个是系动词)句型二 主语+不及物动词讲解(1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, come, go, reply等。(2)不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, come across, go to等。(3)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell, write, wash, answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词)The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词)The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.(第一个sell为不及物动词，而第二个是及物动词)。句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语练习划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health. S V O(1) I wrote a passage last night.(2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.(3) We missed going to college for that reason.(4) What he said touched me greatly.句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）讲解（1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car为直接宾语）The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语，another song为直接宾语）（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个