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文化课办公室609室（笑笑第二教学区） QQ 1208291048一对一个性化辅导正在进行中 百名老师等你选配 2015届艺术生文化课百日集训营正在火热招募中 2014届笑笑榜样学员 张风光 赵玉华均在此受训并取得成功（央美）期待你的加入376. 对某人有耐心 be patient with sb.377. 熟能生巧。Practice makes perfect.378. 演出，表演 put on performances379. 亲自，当面 in person380. 给某人照相 take a photo of sb.381. 弹钢琴 play the piano382. 摘花 pick flowers383. 捡钱包 pick up a wallet384. 去野餐 go out for a picnic385. 一堆书 a pile of books386. 可怜某人(因同情而帮助某人)have / take pity on sb.387. 出于同情 out of pity388. 代替 in place of389. 坐某人的座位，代替某人的职务 take ones place390. 举行，发生 take place391. 代替，代理 take the place of392. 订计划 make a plan393. 玩牌 play cards394. 对某人开一个玩笑 play a joke on sb.395. 与一起玩 play with sb.396. 在操场上 on the playground397. 对感到满意 be pleased with398. 喜欢做某事 take pleasure in doing sth.399. 生活富裕 live in plenty400. 正要的时候 on the point of401. 对某人有礼貌 be polite to sb.402.受某人喜爱 be popular with sb.403. 占有，拥有 take possession of404. 发电站 power station405. 当权，执政 take power406. 因为某事赞扬某人 praise sb. for sth.407. 赞扬 in praise of408. 出席会议 be present at a meeting409. 眼下 at present410. 互赠礼物 exchange presents411. 在压力下 under pressure412. 防止某人做某事 prevent sb. from doing413. 以为代价 at the price of414. 无论花多少代价(不惜任何代价) at any price415. 以为自豪;对感到得意 take pride in416. 小学 primary school417. 入狱，被监禁 go to prison418. 在狱中服刑 be in prison419. 将某人送进监狱 throw / put sb. into prison420. 越狱 escape from prison421. 解决问题 solve the problem422. 回答问题 answer the question423. 遵守诺言 keep ones promise424. 答应，许下诺言 make a promise425. 以自豪 be proud of426. 养家糊口 provide food and clothes for ones family427. 公共事务 public affairs428. 舆论 public opinion429. 当众，公开 in public430. 出版社 publishing house431. 故意地 on purpose432. 把推到一边 push aside433. 推倒，(风)刮倒 push over434. 拖延，推迟 put off435. 不可能 out of the question436. 接力赛 a relay race437. 通过无线电广播 on the radio438. 衣衫褴褛，穿破衣服 in rags439. 在火车站 at the railway station440. 小(大)雨 light / heavy rain441. 一线希望 a ray of hope442. 伸手去拿 reach for sth.2015届高考一轮轮复习 -一不小心你就学会了这么多。高考英语失分点汇总 良好的复习，是成功的一半，在高考冲刺阶段，英语该如何进行有效的复习才能做到最好，以及如何避免在各个环节失分严重?曾多次参与阅卷的洪山高中高级教师田祥生畅谈冲刺经验：各个击破、回归课本、查漏补缺，是临阵磨枪的关键。失分点1 阅读：答案要在文中找依据学生词汇量欠缺，导致文章读不懂是失分的重要原因。田祥生认为，答案要在文中找到依据，阅读中，注重文章的开头和结尾，因为这两段蕴含了文章主要想表达的东西。他建议学生，先看题目，再带着题目有目的性的进行阅读，从而找到答案。阅读文章时，了解文章的整个结构、作者意图，做到70%的理解。失分点2 完形填空：先通读句子再做题不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时随主观想象选择答案是导致失分的原因。建议学生，先通读句子掌握作者想要表达的意思，再来做题，做题时先易后难，充分重视上下文，发现并利用词汇复现信息，结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理。利用生活常识，理解句子含义，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。 失分点3 完成句子：弄清题干和语义完成句子是历年高考得分普遍较低的一道题型，失分的原因在于句型的掌控和对题干和语义的模糊。建议学生研究一下2010年到2014年高考的完成句子，预测一下，此次会从哪个方面来考，弄清它的命题走向。失分点4 作文：用经典句子，长短句结合对于作文来说，知识运用能力不过关，视野狭窄是导致失分的原因。作文层次要鲜明，最好采取总分总结构，书写卷面要整洁，注重长短句的结合，得保证句型、单词拼没有错误。结尾和开头一定要呈现亮点，建议学生考前花半个小时熟记比较有难度的经典句子，或者比较经典的台词或习语，想办法在结尾和首句使用，剩余部分自由发挥。复习提醒：合理掌握时间、查漏补缺查漏补缺和回归课本在英语的冲刺阶段，是学生要做的最重要的工作。把以前整理的资料、错题好好地看一遍，错的单词重新过一遍，回归课本并且把书也完整地看一遍，将所学的知识系统地梳理一遍，结合各种解题思路方法，在头脑中形成一张全面的知识地图。此外，在背单词这块儿，反对机械式的记忆，建议学生把单词放在句子中，反复的阅读句子。此外建议，每天记10个单词，10个常用短语，每天坚持做一篇阅读，把不会的单词或短语记下来反复看。一、常见带介词的to短语 1. access to 接近,进入(某地的)方法; 通路 2. according to 按照,依照,视而定3. be addicted to 沉溺于,对上瘾 4. belong to 属于5. contribute to为做贡献,为撰稿 6. devote to 献身，致力于7. due to 因为,由于而起 8. be equal to 有能力胜任的9. get close to 靠近,接近 10. get down to 认真处理某事11. hold to 忠于,坚持,遵循 12. help oneself to 自取(食物,饮料等)13. look forward to 盼望,期待 14. lead to 导致15. preferto两者间更喜欢 16. pay attention to 注意17. refer to 提到,涉及到,参考,查阅 18. relate to 与有关,涉及19. see to 照看或处理某事物 20.stick to 坚持,不改变或不放弃二、形容词和副词 1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置1修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn alot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave studentsC.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序2.副词的分类：1时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副词how, where, when, why3方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副词when, where, why三、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填B. aC. theD. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识II. 定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder. III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.四、不定代词类 别区 别例 句one, some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为onesWeve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet.A.oneB.ones C.it D.themCars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do.A.oneB.ones C.it D.thosesome可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等Your coffee smells great! Its from MexicoWould you like _?A.it B.some C.this D.1ittlesome 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Eitherone指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow?No, Id rather buyin the bookstore.A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;itsome多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句Theres _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _.A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,anyHe doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.none和nono等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, someother reason,the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the othersBoth sides have accusedof breaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so lets have _ one this monthAthe other Bsome Canother DotherThe trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.either和neither前者意思为：两者都（两者中任何一方都）；后者意思为：两者都Do you want tea or coffee? _, I really dont mind.A. none B. neither C. either D. allIt was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neitherC. both D. each五、名词和主谓一致规则情 况举 例语法一致原则以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three English books.由连接词and或bothand连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.Each of us has a new book.Somebody is speaking in class. 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It isIwhoamgoing to the cinema tonight.It is we whoaregoing to the cinema tonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)His family are watching TV.（他的家人）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.逻辑意义一致原则What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag?Are any of you good at English? All have been taken out.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。I dont think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/远一致原则当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither he nor they are wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.六、过渡性连接词 表强调：still，indeed，of course，after all，above all，surely，certainly，undoubtedly，in any case，anyway，in fact，especially，obviously，clearly表比较like，unlike，similarly，in the same way，equally，similar to表对比By contrast，on the contrary，while.，whereas，on the other hand，unlike，instead，but，different from，however，otherwise，yet，the formerthe latter，oncenow表列举For one thingand for another，like表举例For example，for instance，such as，takefor example，exceptfor表时间Later，next，then，finally，at last，eventually，meanwhile，from now on，from then on，at the same time，for the time being，in the end，immediately，in the meanwhile，recently，soon，now and then，during，nowadays，since，lately，afterwards，temporarily，earlier，now，after a while，when，while，before，after，until，then，suddenly 表顺序First，second，third，firstly，secondly，thirdly，to begin with，first of all，in the first place，last，finally，eventually，in the end，at last，next，above all表解释In other words，in fact，as a matter of fact，that is，that is to say，namely，表递进What is more，in addition，and，also besides，too，moreover，furthermore，as well as，as well，again，additionally，what is worse表让步Although，though，even though，after all，in spite of，even if，表转折However，rather than，instead of，but，yet，unfortunately，despite表原因For this reason，for，now that，thanks to，as since，owing to，because，because of，due to， 表结果So，so/suchthat，therefore，thus，accordingly 表总结On the whole，in conclusion，in a word，to sum up，in brief，in summary，to conclude，to summarize，in short，in general，generally speaking，above all，after all 其他Mostly，occasionally，naturally，mainly，exactly，commonly，for this purpose，for most of us，in many cases，in this case.七、虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构如下：与现在事实相反。若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形。”If you took a taxi，youd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) 与过去事实相反。若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。 If Id left sooner，Id have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) 与将来事实相反。若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。 If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If I asked him，Im sure hed help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”或“were to+动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的假设；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如：If I should see him, Ill tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。If it should rain tomorrow, dont expect me. 万一明天下雨，就别等我了。八、过去完成进行时与将来完成时 1.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时是由had been +现在分词构成。 表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。 表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。 过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天呆在哪儿。 过去完成进行时之后也可接具有突然之意的when分句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。2.将来完成时将来完成时是由“will/shall have +过去分词”构成。 表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。注意：常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有： by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子; before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子; when, after+表示将来动作的句子等。例如：By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.到2050年，科学家们可能已经找到治愈癌症的方法了。By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.等你到达伦敦的时候，我们将已经在欧洲呆了两星期了。在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。例如：Youll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.在学习这个学科一段时间之后，你就会喜欢它的。3. 将来完成时还可以表示可能性，或设想。例如：Its five oclock;they will have arrived home by now.已经五点钟了，他们现在应该已经到家了。九、定语从句关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代 词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略