专四语法之主谓一致.doc

专四语法之-主谓一致 主谓一致1.当单数名词做主语后接with,together with,as well as,rather than, along with等短语做定语时，谓语动词只和主语保持一致。The teacher together with his students is going there on foot. 2.名词性从句或者非谓语动词短语做主语时往往表达一种抽象概念，谓语动词应该用单数形式：Driving cars is easy. To protect the fruits of our country victory is our sacred duty.3.Neither nor,either or,not only but also等句型中的谓语动词应该取决与主语中邻近部分，：Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching TV.4. “大量许多”的表达表数量的结构其后的名词谓语形式muchlittlea littlea large amount oflarge amounts ofa piece of , a great deal of不可数名词单数many fewa few可数名词复数a large number oflarge numbers of可数复数复数the number ofthe majority ofthe total of the couple of 复数可数单数a number ofa majority ofa total of a couple of复数可数复数A lot oflots of复数可数复数a large quantity ofquantities of不可数名词复数many a more than one可数单数单数a great many复数名词复数each/every 可数单数单数neither/either of 可数复数单数one and a half可数复数单数the great part of a large proportion of50% of one third of plenty of the rest of 可数或不可数与of后面的名词一致补充: a series of, a portion of, a species of, a piece of+ 名词的单数或复数时,谓语用单数.5.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 （1）表示无生命的“类”的集体名词Clothing，furniture，baggage/luggage，information，machinery，merchandise，jewelry它们指同一类的许多东西，其用法与不可数名词相当：形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。The old machinery is out of date.这些旧机器过时了。不可直接与a（n）或数词连用。表数量时用much，little，some，a piece of，an article of等。Each room has five pieces of furniture.每个房间有五件家具。若需用代词，用单数代词。Do you want to see my jewelry? It is in the box.你想看我的珠宝吗？它在我的箱子里。（2）表示 “群”的集体名词People, police, cattle, cattle生畜, poultry家禽,vermin, clergy, militia，youth, family，class，team，government，vrowd，committee，crew，jury，party，firm，couple，board，group，gang，audience，public，mankind, humanity， clergy牧师, arms, trousers, times, doings, surroundings, thanks, manners, ashes, remains遗体, stairs, forces, troops军队, fireworks烟火, savings存款, belongings财产, earning, winnings, takings, accommodations, riches, traffics, produce, scenery其它：Scissors剪刀 tongs钳子 scales天秤 stockings长袜Compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 handcuffs手铐 trousers长裤Suspenders吊带 spectacles眼镜表示有生命的集体名词谓语动词通常用复数,但当把集体当作一个整体时，用作单数.如cattle, personnel等;savings, sroundings, earnings等类只有复数,谓语用复数;(3)部分词public，church，audience，mankind，humanity等通常只有单数形式，也不能直接加a（n）（audience除外）；其中clergy，public, church，youth，police等的前面通常要加the。(3)只表示单数概念的集体名词work, homework, brains, merchandise, knowledge, news, information, means, machinery, clothing, baggage, luggage, furniture, gymnastics, foliage, equipment表示学科的mathematics, economics, ethics, optics, phonetics, politics等是单数; 若表示某种理念,结论等, 如politics(政见) 则是复数.The companys statistics are often misleading.（4)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如club, chorus, public, audience, crew, crowd, group, team, government，company, committee, family, class, party（5）单数形式,复数意义的: The crowd are fighting for their freedom. 复数形式,单数意义: Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.（6）a committee,etc. of +复数名词结构:a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词，随后的动词通常用单数。 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.(7)the+形容词 表示一类人时谓语用复数,如:the rich, the poor;表示不可数的事物或抽象概念时用单数,如: the good, the ugly,the unknown等.6. 双面词单数复数allAll of it 每一个All of themnothing每一个表示全部anyAny of itAny of themNone Not one, none of itNot any8between + 复数名词；from +单数名词The elevator stalled between the 9 and the 10 floors, standing the boss from the first to the third week in August. 9. this/ that kind(sort, type style) of +单数名词 These/those kinds(sorts, types styles) of +复数名词10表示时间、距离、金额、面积、重量、体积、容积等度量衡的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。11动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。12. 单复数意义不同的词Air空气Airs姿态Custom风俗Customs海关Good好事Goods货物Force力量Forces军队Color颜色Colors军旗Ground地面Grounds理由manner方式manners礼貌pain疼痛pains辛苦Paper纸Papers文件Wood木头Woods森林Brains大