高考英语专项复习(1)---短文改错.pptx

2018届高考英语专题复习短文改错 成县陕西师范大学成州中学高三英语组 命题特点 短文改错短文长度在110词左右 体裁为记叙文 题材为考生熟知的内容 设题的形式通常是多词和缺词各1题 错词8题 设题以句为单位 每句最多两处错误 设错方式 1 缺词补漏 1 Ilikeplayingpiano the 2 多词删除 1 I mmoretallerthanhim 3 错词更正 8 IamfondatEnglish of 注意 1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 2 只允许修改10处 多者 从第11处起 不记分 四不改 1 标点符号不改 2 大小写不改 3 单词拼写不改 4 语序错误不改 短文改错的失分原因 1 基础知识不够扎实全面 语法功底不够深厚 对英汉两种语言表达上的差异不甚清楚 使用时频频出现 中式英语 2 对高考短文改错题的命题方向缺乏了解 因而答题时缺乏经验 思考的针对性 方向性很差 积累 技巧 失分原因 错误设置及考点分布 两大类型 逻辑错误 语法错误 词法错误 句法错误 2014 2017全国卷短文改错知识点分布 解题技巧 错词词法方面 动词的时态 语态错误 形容词或副词的误用 名词的单复数错误 代词误用 介词误用 连词误用 非谓语动词形式错误等 句法方面 名词性从句连接词 定语从句关系词和主谓一致等 多词或缺词主要考查冠词 介词或代词 不定式符号to 1 不定冠词a和an互改2 不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改3 根据需要增删冠词 注意惯用法 一 冠词常见错误 高考真题 1 NowIamlivinginacity butImissmyhomeincountryside 2 Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop 3 Inafact heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplay 4 Ifyou dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide the the a 5 Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime 6 Butinthatcase wewilllearnlittleaboutworld 7 Atthefirst IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself 8 Asresult theplantsaregrowingeverywhere 9 ThatdayIdidn tlearnmuchaboutanimals insectsortrees butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity a the a an 1 冠词的基本用法 2 固定搭配 解决方案 二 名词常见错误 1 单复数用错 2 可数与不可数名词的混用 3 动词 形容词转化为名词时的错误 高考真题 1 Oneday littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent 2 Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme 3 Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier 4 Ifwegoonatripabroad wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledges 5 Istayedhereforoneandahalfhourandmadesurethatthegirlwasallhopeyouunderstand parents years air knowledge hours 6 Withinthenextfewminute mygrandfatheralsocaughtafish 7 Somefriendsofhisgotoseehimeveryday theytakehimlotsofgoodbookandfreshfruit 8 Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool 9 I dliketostaythereforhalfamonth visitingplaceofinterestandpracticingmyEnglish10 Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest minutes books friends places honesty 解决方案 1 弄清可数与不可数名词 2 记清一些用于固定词组中名词的用法 1 介词的多余或缺失2 错用 三 介词常见错误 解决方案 1 常用介词的基本用法2 常用介词的固定搭配 高考真题 1 Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime 2 NowIamleavinghometocollege 3 Unluckily onthedevelopmentofindustrialization theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted 4 Tonysawatoyonashopwindow 5 Withthehelpbyourfather mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes 6 Therefore wehavemoretimewithafter schoolactivities of for with in of for 7 Wecanlieonthegrassforarest orsitbythelakelisteningmusic 8 Hewastall withbroadshouldersandabeardthatturnedfromblacktowardgrayovertheyears 9 ThebookI mreadingoftalksaboutafternoonteainBritain 10 Interestingly ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelainindustry 11 Infact theyareplanningtovisitChinainnextyear to into to with to 1 人称代词 物主代词的前后一致性 单复数的一致性 2 人称代词主格和宾格的变化 3 代词的误用与漏用 4 不定代词错用 5 作形式主语与形式宾语it的遗漏或误用 四 代词常见错误 高考真题 1 Ifwegoonatripabroad wecanbroadenyourview 2 Istillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp 3 IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself 4 MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday 5 Fiveminuteslater Tonysawparents our I myself what his 6 Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment 7 Asaresult theplantsaregrowingsomewhere 8 Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors 9 Hehadadeepvoice whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown10 Itdoesnotcostmany yetwecanstilllearnalot 11 Whenhecameback Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand our everywhere many him much his 五 形容词和副词常见错误 1 形容词与副词的混用 2 形容词与副词比较等级混用 3 同义或近义或反义形容词与副词之间的混用 解决方案 1 在句中作定语 表语 补语用形容词 在句中作状语 修饰形容词 副词 动词和全句用副词 2 注意比较级或最高级的比较对象和范围 特别注意提示词most than as以及其他加强比较等级程度的修饰语 单音节形容词和副词比较级前不可再加more 3 注意many much afew alittle very so too Ever never hard hardly ago before等词的区别 4 ing形容词与 ed形容词的区别 5 注意并列现象 6 熟记固定搭配so that too to as as等 高考真题 1 Instead hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady 2 However myparentsdidn tseemtothinksuch 3 Muchrareanimalsaredyingout 4 Globalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem 5 DadandIwereterribleworried 6 Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop so many steadily serious terribly 7 Thefruitsaresmallinsize butjuicyandtaste 8 Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost 9 Wedidn tneedtodosomanyhomework10 Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully 11 Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife 12 IhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem 13 Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon free wonderful tasty There much helpful worst 六 连词常见错误 上下文之间的逻辑关系 主要是but与so and与or之间的误用 高考真题 1 Thoughnotverybig buttherestaurantispopularinourarea 2 Hemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking 3 Ifwestayathome itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney 4 Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen 5 Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblem and and and 七 动词常见错误 1 时态错误 时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据注意 通常是一般现在时改为一般过去时 或者一般过去时改为一般现在时2 主谓不一致 如主语为单数 谓语动词未用单数 或主语为复数 谓语动词却用了单数 再就是就近原则对主语的影响3 语态错用 以及不能用被动语态的词和短语 比如 happen takeplace belongto cometrue 高考真题 1 Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking 2 Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside Myuncletellsmethatthekeytosuccessishonesty 3 Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip 4 Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea Itdoesnotcostmuch 5 However myparentsdidn tseemtothinkso Theyalwaystellmewhattodo told have used choose think 6 Ihopedtoliveinthecity IthinkIwouldbehappythere 7 Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasbecomeaveryseriousproblem 8 Wemustfoundwaystoprotectyourenvironment 9 Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry 10 Wedidn tneedtodosomuchhomework Therefore wehavemoretimeforafter schoolactivities 11 Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden Thereareallkindsoftheflowers don t thought find began looks 解决方案1通读全文 搞清文中动词主体时态 2结合语境 灵活运用时态形式 3认真推敲 准确把握主动与被动 4 非谓语动词的错用 主要是doing与done之间的误用 动词不定式符号to的添加 动词原形变成doing的形式等and连接的todo或doing前后一致问题 高考真题 1 Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip 2 IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes 3 Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing 4 Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoknowingus 5 Wehavebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars taking wearing looking know singing 6 Thedoctortoldthemantowritealetterandr