英语单项知识的解与练习(111).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（111）551. defend的用法defend保卫。例句：Some players are better atdefending.有些运动员较擅长打防卫。The union said that they would take action todefendtheir members jobs.工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作权益。She demonstrated how best todefendoneself. 她示范最有效的自卫方法。He undertook todefendthis attitude.他开始为这一态度辩护。短语： defend somebody from / against harm保护某人使其不受伤害；defend somebody为某人辩护；defend oneself自卫；defend against保卫不受侵犯；defend against attack在遭受攻击时进行自卫；defend against danger保护某人免遭危险；defend against enemies防御敌人；defend from harm保护某人使其免受伤害；defend with用保卫；用法：defend可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,用作及物动词时,按名词、代词或that从句作宾语。偶尔也可接双宾语,可用于被动结构。defend常与against连用表示“防守,捍卫”; 与from连用表示“保护以防,使免遭危害”。比较： defend 防御、保卫，指抵御或击退外来的威胁、攻击。如：We have the duty to defend our motherland. protect 保护、防止(危险、损害等)，指采取保护措施，使之不受伤害或损伤，可用于防御风雨、寒冷烈日、疾病或保护经济、法律、权益等。如：We must protect the lives and property of the people. guard 指小心看守以保安全。如：We must take measures to guard the crops against frost and snow. preserve 含有“采取措施维护的安全”的意思。 练习：The PLA men were _ the city against the attacks from the air. A. defending B. guarding C. preventing D. protecting We must always be already to _ our country _ aggression (侵略). A. protect; from B. guard; against C. defend; against D. prevent; fromWe tried to _ him from climbing the high mountain, but he wouldnt listen. A. discourage B. suggest C. advise D. defendShe _ herself from a fall by catching the rail. A. prevented B. stopped C. saved D. defended552. delay 的用法delay 推迟、耽搁。例句：It was impossible todelayher at such a crisis.在这样一个紧要关头来耽搁她是不可能的。We decided todelayour wedding until next year.我们决定把婚礼推迟到明年。The weather is responsible for thedelay.由于天气关系才耽搁了。Delayis not permissible, even for a single day.不得延误，即使一日亦不可。短语：no delay刻不容缓；delay (in) doing something迟迟末做某事(也可接不定式)；after several delays几经耽搁；owing to postal delays由于邮递的耽搁；without delay不延迟地,立即；without the least delay毫不延迟地；delay in delivery延期交货；delay in payment延期支付；delay of two hours两小时的拖延；delay for some time推迟一段时间；delay until在前交货；用法：delay可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,不接动词不定式作宾语。接表人的名词或代词作宾语时,一般译为“使某人误事”或“使某人慢下来”; 接表事事物的名词或代词作宾语时,通常译为“推迟耽搁做某事”。delay的意思为“推迟”，“延期”，相当于put off，其后通常接名词，动名词作宾语，一般很少接不定式。如：I have to delay answering his question.delayin解释为“把某事耽搁”，其后一般接动名词，不接不定式或者of加动名词。如：Excuse me for my delay in answering your question.请原谅我耽搁了回答你的问题。delay指“耽搁,延迟”这一行为或情况本身时,是不可数名词; 表示具体的“被耽搁推迟的事件或时间”时,是可数名词。delay在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。常与“in+ v -ing”连用。比较： delay常表示由于外界原因而推延，也表示有意推延。如：The train was delayed three hours because of the heavy snow. put off指有安排的推延，常说明推延到什么时候。如：The meeting was put off.练习：The government is accused of using _ tactics(战术). A. delay B. delaying C. delayed D. being delayedExcuse me for my _ your letter. A. delay answering B. delaying to answer C. delay in answering D. delaying in answering We had a terrible holiday; all the five days were completely _ by the weather. A. delayed B. revived C. ruined D. reversedJohn was late for the business meeting because his flight had been _ by a heavy storm. A. kept B. stopped C. slowed D. delayedAs there was an accident on the road, the bus _ for an hour. A. delayed B. is delayed C. was delayed D. will delay553. delight 的用法delight n. 快乐;高兴;喜悦; vt.使高兴； 使欣喜例句：She clapped her hands indelight.她高兴地拍手。The children were prancing about withdelight. 孩子们高兴得蹦蹦跳跳。Wedelightin going for long walks in the country. 我们乐于去乡间远足。Hedelightedthe audience with his performance.他用他的表演使观众喜悦。短语：take/find/have delight in 喜爱;以为乐; to ones delight 令某人高兴的是; delight in 嗜好；因感到快乐; in delight高兴地；with delight高兴地,愉快地,欢欢喜喜地；in high delight兴高采烈地；delight at为而感到高兴；delight by为而感到满意；delight with喜爱,对感到满意；give delight to给以欢乐；savour the delights of体会到的乐趣；take delight in以为乐；用法：delight既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,一般接表人的名词作宾语,有时也可接人身体上的某个部位作宾语。delight可用于主动结构,但更常用于系表结构,其后可接介词at, by, with,动词不定式或that从句。这往往用在客套话里,指一时的情形。delight用作不及物动词时,常接由介词in引导的短语或动词不定式,指习惯或持续性的“喜欢(做某事)”“(因某事而)高兴”。delight用作名词的基本意思是“快乐,高兴”,是不可数名词; 表示具体的“使人高兴的东西或人”时是可数名词。delight在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。用作表语时,如果主语为动词不定式,则往往用it充当形式主语放在句首,而把真正的主语放在最后。动词不定式如另有其逻辑主体,则可用介词for引出。练习：(1). 翻译句子 他的表演使观众感到满意。唱歌是她的主要爱好。年轻人喜欢旅行。(2). 单项填空：_ , the bookseller gave him something else as a present. A. To the boys delight B. To the boys surprising C. To the boys sadness D. To make the boys happyWhen he was very young, my chemistry teacher took _ in reading detective stories. A. happiness B. delight C. joy D. likeShe_ her hands in delight when she heard the good news. A. clapped B. clap C. circled D. slapFor Wang Shun,_university graduate from Chinas less developed Guizhou Province, shopping online is_delight as she tries to keep pace with the lives of those in big cities. A.the; a B.a; / C.an; a D.a; a554. facility的用法facility设施、设备、便利（常作复数）、熟练；例句：There are few recreationalfacilitiesin our school.我们学校里几乎没有什么娱乐设施。The college has excellent sportingfacilities. 这所学院有极好的体育设备。He has greatfacilityin learning languages.他很有学习语言的才能。I learn to use with more and morefacilitythe pencil, brush, and graver.我学会越来越灵巧地运用铅笔、画笔和雕刻刀。He showed greatfacilityin performing task.他工作很熟练。短语：play the piano with facility熟练地弹钢琴；have great facility in doing sth很有做某事的能力；transport facilities交通工具；with facility轻易地,熟练地；speak English with facility英语讲得很流利；write with facility熟练地写；facility for用于的设备；facility of communication通讯的便利；用法：facility的单数后接in或 for，表示“做的技巧”。如： Her facility in cooperating made her an excellent employee. 复数后接for，表示“作用的器材或设备”。如： There were quite near the hotel facilities for sport of every kind.练习：Today,housework has been made much easier by electrical _.A.facilitiesB.appliancesC.instrumentsD.apparatusThe complete _ of the new library will take another year.A.apparatusB.facilityC.instrumentD.equipmentThe school offer us the _ for study. A.facilitiesB.appliancesC.instrumentsD.apparatusThis hospital imported many surgical _ from abroad. A.facilitiesB.appliancesC.instrumentsD.apparatusThe Browns are always very cold in winter because they have not a heating _.A.facilitiesB.appliancesC.instrumentsD.apparatus555. factor 的用法factor (n)因素、要素；例句：The determinatefactorof our economy is to control inflation.我们经济的决定性因素是控制通货膨胀。The committees support is an importantfactorin the success of the project.委员会的支持是该项目取得成功的一个重要因素。A newfactorappears under the integral sign.积分号内出现了一个新的因子。After cancellation, thefactoris still present in the denominator. 相消后该因子仍存在于分母中。短语：windchill factor风寒指数；increase by a factor of four增加三倍,增加到四倍；factor in 的因素；factors in career success事业成功的因素；all factors一切因素；external factor外因；key factor关键因素；various factors各种因素；a p