UnitSomeStrategiesforLearningEnglish.doc

学科英语教者课时4班级2010英专3-4班课题Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning EnglishII教学目的、任务：1. To learn the new words and expressions 2.how to read a text generally3.To use connectives to combine simple sentences into complex ones 4.To develop some strategies for learning English教学重点 Reading skill: How to read a text Guided writing: Using connectives教学难点Learning strategies: Developing strategies for learning EnglishSpeaking: Engaging students in free talk about friends教学方法讲解法、任务驱动法课型新课教具多媒体教学过程：Global Readingu Related topics1) What contributes to effective English learning?2) Are learning strategies the most important? 3) What is the greatest difficulty you have? Have you worked out any solution?4) How can we practice speaking English in everyday situations?u Content questions What type is the text?A narration B description C expositionD argumentationWhat pattern is the text organized in? A problem-solution B cause-effect C general-specificD time / sequenceDiscourse Analysis A strategy refers to a set of carefully planned methods for achieving something that is difficult and may take a long time. In introducing some strategies, the author adopts the structure of ProblemStrategy within a paragraph to show us the problems in English learning and then proposes strategies to solve the problems. Please scan the text for some examples of the ProblemStrategy structure.Problems Strategies1._ 1._ 2._ 2._ 3._ 3._ 4._ 4._Disivion of the Passage1. Part one (Para. 1-2) learnng English is not easy, but it has some strategies.2. Part two (Para. 3-8) useful tips on learning strategies3. Part three (Para.9) it is a process of accumulation.Detailed ReadingLearning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.What is the implied meaning of these two sentences?On the one hand, the author states the fact that English learning is a very difficult task; on the other hand, the author foreshadows that some strategies are needed to help us fulfill the tough task.Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easierParaphrase the sentence.Although you have to work hard continually in order to be good at English, you can also make use of some learning strategies to help you attain your goal.If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. Translate the sentence into Chinese.如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. 1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。2. Analyze the structure of the sentence.what you need to do 是一个名词短语作主语，to deal with 是动词不定式作表语。what 可引导类似的名词短语，例如:Your health is what we really care about。While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. 1. What does the author mean by “a nodding acquaintance”? This phrase is used as a metaphor. An acquaintance refers to someone we know slightly but who is not a close friend. So we only nod as a greeting when we see him or her. This interpersonal relationship is used to interpret the attitude we should hold to words that do not often occur in everyday situations.2. Paraphrase the sentence.We should often practice the use of active words, those which frequently occur in everyday use, and learn by heart those useful words, while we only need recognize those words which occur less frequently in everyday situations.3. Analyze the structure of the sentence.while引导的两个并列的转折关系从句直到memory结束，与随后的主句构成对比，从而对比了对待两类词汇的不同方式。while作为连词意思有：与此同时，然而，虽然等。本句中while可译为“然而”。In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。2. Analyze the structure of the sentence.本句用not onlybut also 连接了两个并列的名词性结构作动词短语的宾语，第二个结构中存在一个定语从句the way in which native speakers use it in their daily lives，原文中省略了in which。Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 1. What can we infer from the sentence?Listening practice is contributive to the development of both listening and speaking skills.2. Paraphrase the phrase “improve ones ear”.“Ear” here means sense of hearing. This phrase may be paraphrased as “develop ones listening competence”.It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. 1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。2. Analyze the structure of the sentence.It is truebut 建立的是让步状语从句结构，语气上比单纯由although/though 或 but 所引导的让步状语从句强烈一些。As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher level of difficulty.Paraphrase the sentence.As you go on working like that, you will gradually improve your reading skills and be able to read more difficult materials with more pages.It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing. 1. What can be inferred from the sentence?Reading and listening provide language learners with language input and speaking and writing make it possible for them to make language output.2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.从读和听中尽量多吸收，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。. Analyze the structure of the sentence.It pays to do sth. It is beneficial to do sth.It pays to read as many classic works as possible.学 科英语教者课时 2班级2010英专3-4班课 题Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English I教学目的、任务：1. To learn the new words and expressions 2.how to read a text generally3.To use connectives to combine simple sentences into complex ones 4.To develop some strategies for learning English教学重点Reading skill: How to read a text Guided writing: Using connectives 教学难点 Learning strategies: Developing strategies for learning EnglishSpeaking: Engaging students in free talk about friends教学方法讲解法、任务驱动法课型新课教具多媒体教学过程：Useful Expression1. by no means: not at allThis is by no means out of the ordinary.我对目前的表现一点也不满意。I am by no means satisfied with my present performance. Collocation: by means of以 ，借着 by all means无论如何, 务必by fair means or foul 不择手段地by no means/not by any means/by no manner of means决不，一点也不2. prolonged: adj. continuing for a long period of timeA prolonged period of low interest rates has discouraged people to save their money into the bank.NB: prolonged是过去分词作形容词用，它的动词原型是prolong，意为“延长、拖延”。例如：他又问了她一个问题，仅仅是为了延长谈话时间。He asked her another question just to prolong the conversation.3. sustained: adj. continuing for a long timeThe conference discussion focuses on the sustained development of agriculture.NB: sustained是过去分词作形容词用，它的动词原型是sustain，意为“支撑、维持”。例如：在医院里，惟一让我支撑下去的就是回家的想法。The thought of getting home was the only thing that sustained me in the hospital.4. employ: vt. 1) pay someone to work for youThe factory employs over 2000 people.2) use a particular object, method, skill, etc. in order to achieve somethingThe report examines teaching methods employed in the classroom. 这种设备使用激光束制作电脑芯片。The equipment employs laser beams to make the computer chips.CF: employ, hire & engage这三个词都是动词，都有“雇用”之意。employ 表示支付薪水，较长期、固定地雇用某人。例如：Hotels employ more women than men. 宾馆雇用的女性要比男性多。hire表示支付一定钱额，雇用某人短期从事某项工作。例如：I hired a bricklayer to build a wall on the balcony. 我雇了个泥瓦匠在阳台上砌了一堵墙。engage表示任命、安排某人从事某项工作。例如：The boss has engaged a new secretary. 那个老板又雇了个秘书。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. Wed like to engage local people as volunteers. The factory employ over 2000 people. The rest of the staff have been hired on short-term contracts. The approaches and methods employed in the study are proved successful. 5.complain: vi. express dissatisfaction, unhappiness, annoyance or painHe constantly complains about how hes treated at work.Pattern: complain (to sb.) about/of sb./sth. 街坊邻居们向警方投诉工地上传来的噪音。Neighbors complained to the police about the noise from the building site.6.memorize: vt. commit to memory; learn by heartHe studied his map, trying to memorize the way to Roses street.CF: memorize, remember, recall & remind 这四个词都是动词，均有“记忆，记住，回忆”之意。memorize指有意识的下功夫把某事的整个细节都记在脑子里。例如：Dont write down your PIN number, memorize it.不要把你的密码写下来，记住它。remember表示记得，多指无意识地回忆起往事。例如：He remembers every detail of that occurrence as though it happened yesterday.那件事的前前后后他都记得一清二楚，仿佛发生在昨天一样。recall指想方设法回忆已经遗忘之事。例如：I seem to recall Ive met him before somewhere. 我好像以前在哪里见过他。remind 指经某人或某事的提醒而回忆起某件已遗忘之事。例如：If I forget, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。7. at fault: responsible for something bad that has happened The police said that the driver was at fault.关于空气污染大多数人认为是钢铁厂的责任。As for air pollution, most people believe that steel factories are at fault.8. cram: v.1) force (sth.) into a small spaceA lot of information has been crammed into this book.2) make (sth.) full We all crammed in and Peter started the car.三万六千名观众挤进运动场观看比赛。36,000 spectators crammed into the stadium to see the game.9. bound: adj.1) certain or very likelyI knew that the invitation was bound to come.你一次处理这么多事务，肯定会出错。When you are handling so many affairs at a time, mistakes are bound to happen.2) obliged to do (sth.) or having the duty to do (sth.)Tom felt bound to tell Joanna the truth.3) travelling towards a particular place or in a particular directionThe plane is bound for Somalia.10. crowd:n. a large group of peopleThere were crowds of people in the street. v. 1) gather together in large numbersHundreds of people crowded into the church for the funeral.2) fill in Range after range of mountains crowd the horizon.Strange thoughts are crowding his mind.他的脑海里充满了奇怪的想法。Collocation: crowd into挤入 crowd round/around聚集在周围be crowded together汇聚在一起 crowd sb./sth. out将某人或某物挤出11. occur: vi. happenThe explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m.Pattern: It occurs to somebody to do (sth.). 我的孩子们似乎从来想不到和我联络。It never seems to occur to my children to contact me.12. constant:adj.1) happening regularly or all the timeThere was a constant stream of visitors to the house.她的诊室不断有家长前来求助Her clinic has a constant stream of parents wanting help.2) staying the sameThe truck was travelling at a fairly constant speed.3) loyal and faithfulHe is a constant friend.n. something that never changes such as a number or quantity.这一常量非常重要，因为它确定了一个原子中的一个电子轨道的大小，周期和能量。This constant is very important because it fixes the sizes, period and energy of an electrons orbit in an atom.13. commit: v. 1) do (sth.) wrong or illegalWomen commit fewer crimes than men.2) say that (sb.) will definitely do (sth.) or must do (sth.)He has clearly committed his government to continuing economic reform.这一奖学金要求学生们必须在公立学校授课。The scholarship commits students to teaching in public schools3) pledge devotion to (sb. or sth.)He wasnt yet ready to commit to the relationship.Collocation: commit a crime/error/murder/arson/suicide 犯罪/犯错/犯谋杀罪/犯纵火罪/自杀commit (sb.) to doing (sth.) 向某人承诺做某事commit oneself to (sth.) 致力于commit (sb./sth.) to (sth.) 为某一特定目的而使用人力或物力commit (sth.) to memory把记住commit (sth.) to paper 把写下来commit (sth.) to flames 烧毁某物, 将某物付之一炬14. acquaintance: n. 1) somebody you know a littleShe was a casual acquaintance of my family in Vienna.2) knowledge of sb. or sth. He has a passing acquaintance with a lot of different subjects.律师工作要求熟悉法庭程序。The practice of a lawyer requires acquaintance with court procedures.Collocation: casual acquaintance偶尔见面的人make somebodys acquaintance第一次见某人mutual acquaintance双方都认识的人have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sth. 对知之甚少15. concentrate: v. 1) give all your attention to what you are doingMike tried his best to concentrate on his homework.我发现刚睡醒后很难集中注意力。I find it difficult to concentrate soon after waking up.2) cause people or things to be present somewhere in large numbers or amounts Italian industry is concentrated mainly in the north.16. route: n. a particular way or direction between placesKennedy arrived at the same conclusion by a different route.CF: route, course, pass & passage 这几个词都是名词，都有“路”之意。route指路线、路程，尤指长距离的旅行路线或固定线路。例如：Whats the shortest route from London to Edinburgh?从伦敦到爱丁堡的最短路线怎么走？course 指所经之路或方向。例如：The ship changed course to avoid the iceberg为避开冰山，轮船改变了航向。pass 指山间隘路、山口。例如：This pass has witnessed the death of hundreds of soldiers in the past.passage 指过道、走廊或通道。例如：He forced a passage through the crowd.他从人群中挤出了一条通道。17 watch out for: look out for; be on (ones) againstWhat problems should I watch out for when buying an old house?你们开会的时候当心间谍窃听。Watch out for the spy s wiretapping when you have the meeting.18 on a regular basis: often and according to a set frequencyI write to him on a regular basis送奶员定期给我们送奶。The milkman sends us milk on a regular basis.19 in addition to: used to add another piece of information to what has just been saidThere is a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge.in addition to表示“除之外”，后接具体事物；in addition 在句中作状语，表示“此外”。例如：这家公司提供廉价的因特网访问服务。此外，还做免费的共享软件。The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes free shareware20 catch: v.1) get and hold; capture and seizeThe kids were throwing and catching a frisbee down on the beach.2) see (sb.) doing (sth.)I caught him reading my private letters.他被看到偷拿电池。He was caught stealing batteries3) get stuckHis overalls caught in the engineCollocation: be caught in陷入 get caught up in卷入 catch on流行开来 catch (sb.) doing (sth.) 撞见某人在做某事catch sb. out发觉某人的错误 catch sb. red-handed当场抓住某人 catch sight of瞥见catch sb.s eye引人注目 catch up追上 catch up on弥补21 seek out: look for; try to find someone or something, especially when this is difficultNow is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe.科学家们需要寻找实验中的因果关系。Scientists need to seek out cause-and-effect relationships in the experiment.22 purchase: n. the act of buyingShe made two purchases from my stall.vt. buy somethingYou can purchase insurance on-line.他以20万美元买了那块地。He purchased the land for two hundred thousand dollars.23 environment: n. conditions in which people carry on a particular activity; natural world in which animals, people and plants liveYoung children often feel happier in the home environmentenvironment, circumstance & surroundings这三个词都有“环境”之意。environment表示由周围的人、物等一切物质和精神因素所构成的环境。例如：A pleasant working environment is of vital importance.有一个令人愉快的工作环境是极其重要的。circumstance通常用复数，表示对局势产生影响的各种条件的总和。例如：Prisoners can only leave their cells under certain circumstances犯人们只有在某些情况下才能离开他们的牢房。surroundings指环境时只可用复数形式，表示各种物体所构成的物质上的自然环境。例如：He switched on the light and examined his surroundings他打开灯，仔细检查四周。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. Mike, unhappy in an environment of post-war confusion, spent more and more time among his collection of great paintings. Circumstances will force us finally to adopt this policy. He woke in the familiar surroundings of his hotel room. Different circumstances involve adopting different tactics. 24 rely: vi. trust or depend on (sb. or sth.)Pattern: rely on/upon (sb./sth.) for/to do (sth.)I knew I could rely on David to look after my parents.25 apart from: as well as, besidesApart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.besides, except, except for & apart from这几个词和短语都有“除之外”的意思besides表示“除了还有”。例如：Besides Li Ming, there are many other students attending the meeting.except表示“除去，不包括”。例如：He goes to work everyday except Sunday.except for表示“除以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。例如：Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.apart from表示“除外”，它既可以表示besides的意思，也可以表示except 或except for 的意思。例如：There are three others present at the meeting apart from Mr. Jackson.Apart from his uncle, the orphan had no one to take care of him.26 pay: v. give money in exchange for goods or services; bear a cost or penaltyHe paid the bill.Mum paid for my driving lessons.有一天你一定会为你的自私付出代价。Youll have to pay for your selfishness some day.Collocation: it pays to do (sth.) 做某事是大有益处的 pay attention to注意pay tribute to赞颂pay a call/vist to拜访 pay off付清 pay out付出27 putinto practice: carry out or performJoan was keen to put some of the things she had learned into practice.对任何理论，先要融会贯通，才谈得上运用自如。One must have thoroughly mastered a theory before one can put it into practice properly.学 科英语教法教者课时 2班级2010英专3-4班课 题Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English III教学目的、任务：1. To learn the new words and expressions 2.how to read a text generally3.To use c