机床电气与PLC(英文).ppt

ElectricityofMachineToolandPLCControl WuHongBing 1 1Summary Machineelectricalsystemhasbecomeanindispensablepartofmodernmachinetools Inelectricalcontrol themodernmachineismorecomprehensiveapplicationofmanyadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements Todayvariouselectricalandmechanicalproducts CNCmachinetools robots FMSandsoisthemachineelectricalequipmenttoachievethefruitsofmodernization Machinemovementandtheworkcyclecontrolcannotbeseparatedfromoperationofelectricalcomponents electroniccomponentsandsystems Electricdrag Chapter1Introduction Electricautomationcontrol Characteristicandprincipleofmotor Electricrelay contactorautomationsystem Designofmachinetoolelectriccontrolcircuit BasicknowledgeofPLC ProgrammablemethodandapplicationofPLC 1 1Summary Chapter1Introduction 1 2Summaryonthetoolmachineelectricdragandelectriccontrol GroupelectricdragsSoloelectricdragsManyelectricmotorelectricdragsNon stagespeedadjustmentofDCandACmotor 1 2 1Developmentandclassificationofmachinetoolelectricdrags Chapter1Introduction LogicalcontrolsystemManualcontrolAutomationcontrol Electricrelay contactorautomationsystem Programmablecontroller Digitalcontroller 1 2Summaryonthetoolmachineelectricdragandelectriccontrol 1 2 1Developmentandclassificationofmachinetoolelectricdrags Chapter1Introduction MicrocomputerNumericalControl MNC AdaptcontrolIndustrialrobotFMS FlexibleManufacturingSystem CAD CAMComputerintegratedmanufacturesystem 1 2 1Developmentandclassificationofmachinetoolelectricdrags Chapter1Introduction 1 2 1Developmentandclassificationofmachinetoolelectricdrags 2 Continuouslycontrolphysicalvariablequantity alsocalledsimulatedmanufacturesystem havenegativefeedbackclosedloopcontrolsystem 3 Mixedcontrolsystem Chapter1Introduction DirectcurrentmotorAlternatingcurrentmotorSteppingmotorActuatingmotor 2 1Summary Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 1Summary RatedpowerRatedvoltageRatedcurrentConnectedwayRatedfrequenceRatedspeedInsulationlevel Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 1Summary BasicconstructionBasicprincipleCharacteristicsofthemachinerybetweenspeedandtorqueThebasicprinciplesandfundamentalwaysofStart reverse speedandbrakeApplicationsandhowtocorrectlyuse Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 2Structureofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Structurediagramofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 2 1Stator Asynchronousmotorstatorcomposedofthreeparts thedock thestatorcoreandthestatorwindings Statorcore statorcoreisanintegralpartofmagneticcircuit usingsiliconsteelsheet Statorwindings statorwindingshavekinds embeddedhardwareandscatteredsoftwarewinding Frame theroleofsupportandfixed 2 2Structureofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 2 2Airgap2 2 3Rotor 2 2Structureofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl Therotorcanbedividedintotwocategories acagerotor awoundrotor Cagerotorismadebyrotorcore rotorwindingandshaft RotorCore rotorcoreispartoftheelectricalmagneticcircuitmadebysiliconsteelsheet Shaft Shaftsupportstherotorcoreandoutputtorque RotorWinding acage rotorwindingandwindingrotor 2 2Structureofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 3Workprincipleofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Twopointsfromexperiment RotatingmagneticfieldRotorturnwiththerotatingmagneticfield Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 3 1Rotatingmagneticfield Rotatingmagneticfieldemerge Diagramofthree phaseasynchronousmotorstatorwindings Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl Rotatingmagneticfieldemerge Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 2Structureofthree phaseasynchronousmotor TurnofrotatingmagneticfieldExchanginganyphasebetweenA B Ccausestoturnofrotatingmagneticfield Polesofrotatingmagneticfield Thespeedofrotatingmagneticfield Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 3 2Principleofmotorrotation Theformationofthebipolarrotatingmagneticfield Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl Principlediagramofthree phaseasynchronousmotor 2 3 2Principleofmotorrotation Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 3 3Slip Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 5Powerandtorqueofthree phaseasynchronousmotor 2 5 4Mechaniccharacteristiccurve Inherentcharacteristiccurveofasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl wediscussthreetorqueasfollows Ratedtorque Themaximumtorque Enablingtorque 2 5 4Mechaniccharacteristiccurve Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 6Startmethodsofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Workdirectly Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl Asynchronousmotorstartsdirectly 2 6Startmethodsofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl Voltage reducedstartcircuit Maincircuitofvoltage reducedstart 2 6Startmethodsofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 1 Star trianglestartingbyturnThismethodappliesonlytothethree phaseasynchronousmotorthatitsstatorwindingsisatrianglelinkinginnormalworkinghours Atthestart thestatorwindingswithastarWork statorwindingswithtriangle Adaptation Asynchronousmotorunderlight load emptyfrequentlaunch Voltage reducedstartcircuit Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl Voltage reducedstartcircuit Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 Voltage reducedstartbyauto transformer Voltage reducedstartcircuit Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 7Speedingofthree phaseasynchronousmotor 2 7 1Frequencyspeedcontrol Frequencydevicesareconsistedbytherectifierandinvertercomponents Rectifier thethree phaseACof50HZ DC Inverter DC frequency adjustablevoltagealternatingcurrent Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 7 2SpeedbypolesThisspeedmethodisnotsmooth itislevelspeedway 2 7 3SpeedbyslipConnectingresistance resistanceincreased slipisup thespeeddropped Features simpleequipment lessinvestment butenergyconsumption applytoliftingequipment Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 8Stoppingofthree phaseasynchronousmotor 2 8 1Energyconsumingandstoppingautomatically Disconnectingthethree phaseACpower itconnectedDCpower DCpowerconnectedtowinding Thismethodspendsrotorenergy Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 2 8 2Powersourcereversalconnectionsbraking2 8 3Powerfulregenerativebraking 2 8Stoppingofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Chapter2CharacteristicofAlternatingCurrentMachineandPrincipleofElectricControl 3 1 1Nonautomationelectricalequipment 1 SwitchingEquipment1 SwitchingEquipment 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor Thestructure Flatandoftheframe Themodeofoperation DC operatedhandle lever operatedinstitutions spiral operationandelectrical agencyoperation Themaintechnicalparametersofknifeswitch ratedvoltage ratedcurrent on offcapability dynamicstablecurrent heat stablecurrent mechanicalandelectricallifeexpectancy 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 CombinedSwitch3 AutomaticairswitchStructureisdividedinto framedandplastic typeOperationalinstitutionsare manualoperation theelectricoperationandhydraulicoperationContactnumberscanbedividedinto onepolar bipolarandthreepoleswitchSpeedintoaction Delayedaction thegeneralspeedandquickmoves 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 4 LeakageelectricalprotectionLeakageProtectionisasecurityprotectionunit preventingfromelectricshockandleakage Leakageprotectionofcurrentactionmainlycomposedbyelectroniccircuitbreaker zero sequencecircuittransformer leakagerelease contact thepilotbutton operationandthehousingcomponent 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 FuseFusechoice Fuseratedcurrentshouldbegreaterthanorequaltothecurrentratings 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 1 2Automationelectricequipment Relay 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor Theinputsignalcanbedividedinto voltage current time temperature speedandpressurerelay Accordingtoprinciple electromagnetic induction electric thermalandelectronicrelays 3 1 2Automationelectricequipment Relay 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 1 Electromagneticrelay Currentrelay Voltagerelays MiddleRelay 3 1 2Automationelectricequipment Relay 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 TimerelayTimeRelayisakindofautomaticequipmentaccordingtotheprincipleofelectromagneticormechanicalaction whichachieveconnectedordisconnecttheelectricalunit TimeRelaycanbedividedinto electromagnetic air damping electricandelectronicandothertypes 3 1 2Automationelectricequipment Relay 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 HeatrelayProtectoverloadmotorontheprincipleofcurrentthermaleffects 3 1 2Automationelectricequipment Relay 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 1 2Automationelectricequipment Relay 4 Speedingrelay 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 1 3Mainelectricalequipment Mainelectricalunitmeansthatitsendstheelectricalcontrolintheautomaticcontrolsystem Controlbutton 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor PositionswitchesPositionswitchintheelectricalcontrolsystemcanachievecontrol positioningcontrolandlocationstatetesting 1 TripswitchcontactswitchTripswitchisusuallydividedintooperation contactsystemandtheshell 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Nearswitchnon contactswitchAccordingtotheirworkingprinciple nearswitchcanbedividedintohigh frequencyoscillationstype Capacitive bridge basedsensors permanent magnetandHalleffect andsoon Thebasicprincipleisthat theoscillatorcircuitparameterschange itoutputcontrolsignalswhenametalobjectnearthehigh frequencyoscillatorcoils SwitchingclosetoThemaintechnicalparametersofcloseswitchareworkvoltage outputcurrent actiondistance accuracyandfrequencyresponse 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor UniversalswitchUniversalswitchisamulti stall thecombinationofmulti loopcontrolswitch 3 1Machinecommoncontrolappliancesandoperationelectricalappliances Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact 3 2 1Startingcircuitofthree phaseasynchronousmotor Reducedvoltagestart Totalvoltagestartdirectly Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact 1 Pointcontrol Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor Inordertofacilitatetheoperation oftenrequiretwoormorelocationsareabletooperate knownasmulti pointcontrol 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact2 Multi pointcontrol Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Voltage reducedstartcircuit1 Star trianglevoltage reducedstartcircuitAllstatorwindingsconnectedtoatriangleofthree phaseasynchronousmotorcanbeusedstars trianglestartmethod Firstlaunchedatthestatorwindingsconnectedtoastarconnection Startingover thestatorwindingswillswitchtoatriangleway 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Voltage reducedstartcircuit 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Voltage reducedstartcircuit 2 Auto Transformervoltage reducedstartcircuit 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2 2Runningcontrolcircuitofthree phaseasynchronousmotor 1 Positive reversecontrolcircuitofmotorAchieveapositive thereversalmotorcontrolwithtwocontacts 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 1 Circuitofpositive stop reversemotora CloseSB2 KM1inelectricity motorbeingtransferred b CloseSB1 motorstopc CloseSB3 KM2inelectricity Motorreversal 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Motorrun Positive reverse stop 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Motorpositiveorreversecycleautomaticcontrolcircuit 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor TwomotorcontrolcircuittripWorkcycle Firstofall forcepointImovefromlocationatolocationbandstop ThenforcepointIImovefromlocationctolocationdandstop ThisdynamicpointI IIreturnedinthesamesituationandstop Motor PowerpointsIwasdrivenbymotorM1PowerpointsIIwasdrivenbymotorM2 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2 3Controlbrakecircuitofthethree phaseasynchronousmotorBrakemethodscanbedividedintotwotypes mechanicalbrakeandelectricalbrake 1 PowerbrakingcontrolcircuitControlcircuitoftimerelay ThestatorwindingsconnecttoDCafterthepowerisswitchedoff 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Reversebrakecontrolcircuit 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 TheprotectionlinkofmotorbrakeElectricalcontrolsystemintheprotectionparthasshort circuitprotection overloadprotection zeropressureandunder voltageprotectionandweakmagneticprotection 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 3 1ControlcircuitanalysisofhorizontalmachineC650 1 Themainstructure formofmovement formofdragandcontrolrequirement 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Analysisofmaincircuit 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 AnalysiscontrolcircuitTheadjustmentcontrolofmainmotorPositiveandreversecontrolofmainmotorReverseconnectedthebrakecontrolofmainmotor 4 AnalysisofauxiliarycircuitLightingcircuitsandcontrolpowerAmmeterPAprotectioncircuit 5 LatheC650featuresoftheelectricalcontrolcircuitsMainpositiveandreversewaythroughtheElectric 3 2Basiccontrolcircuitofmachinerelay contact Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 3 2ControlcircuitanalysisofhorizontalmachineX62 1 Themainstructure formofmovement formofdragandcontrolrequirement Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor MotionAnalysis ThemainmovementisrotationofmainaxisSpindleisrequired reversetocompletetheinversecis millingandmillingMainmotorhasparkingbrakecontrolBeingabletofeedmotor theinversionNeedurgespeedcontrol 3 3 2ControlcircuitanalysisofhorizontalmachineX62 Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 2 Analysisofmaincircuit 3 3 2ControlcircuitanalysisofhorizontalmachineX62 Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor 3 AnalysisofcontrolcircuitThemainmotorstartandstopcontrolImpulsecontrolofspindlespeedMobileplatformcontrolThedirectionchainofthecampaignplatformThetablefeedspeedimpulsecontrol theimpulseinthemainworkisthesameAroundtablecontrolCoolingpumpmotorcontrol 4 Circuit assistedanalysisofthelinksandtheprotectionof 3 3 2ControlcircuitanalysisofhorizontalmachineX62 Chapter3Characteristicandelectriccontrolprincipleofalternating currentmotor