配置和查看 OSPF协议.doc

本实验是对OSPF协议的基本配置，涉及到配置OSPF协议所必须的命令和常用的show命令。1.实验目的通过本实验，读者可以掌握以下技能:在路由器上启动OSPF协议;声明相应网络进入OSPF路由进程;查看OSPF路由信息;查看OSPF协议配置信息;查看OSPF邻居路由器信息。2.设备需求本实验需要以下设备:Cisco路由器3台，分别命名为R1。R2和R3，其中R2要求具有2个串行接口，R1和R3均要求具有1个串行接口和1个以太网接口;2条DCE电缆和2条DTE电缆 (或2条DCE转DTE电缆);1台终端服务器，如Cisco 2509路由器，及用于反向Telnet的相应电缆;4台带有超级终端程序的PC机，以及Console电缆及转接器。3.拓扑结构及配置说明本实验的拓扑结构如图11-1所示，利用DCE和DTE电缆把R1。R2和R3路由器连接起来。各路由器使用的接口及其编号如图11-1中的标注。各接口IP地址分配如下:R1:S1192.168.1.130，E0172.16.1.1/24R2:S0192.168.1.5/30，S1192.168.1.2/30R3:S0192.168.1.6/30，E0172.16.3.1/24实验中R1、R2之间串行线路速率设置为 125kbit/s;R2、R3之间串行线路速率设置为64kbit/s。本实验要求通过对OSPF路由选择协议的配置，实现拓扑中全网的连通性。4.实验配置及监测结果按照拓扑结构图连接好所有设备后，给设备加电，开始进行实验。第1部分:配置接口和OSPF首先对各路由器的接口和OSPF协议进行配置。配置清单11-1记录了对3台路由器的配置。配置清单11-1 OSPF协议的基本配置第1段:配置R1路由器RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#no logg consoleRouter(config)#hostn R1R1(config)#int e0R1(config-if)#no keepaR1(config-if)#ip addr 172.16.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shR1(config-if)#R1(config-if)#int s1R1(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.1255.255.255.252R1(config-if)#clock rate 125000R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#router ospf 100R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0R1(config-router)#ZR1#第2段:配置R2路由器Term_Server#2Resuming connection 2 to r2 . RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#no logg consoleRouter(config)#shostn R2R2(config)#int s0R2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.252R2(config-if)#no shR2(config-if)#int s1R2(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252R2(config-if)#no shR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#router ospf 100R2(config-router)#netw 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0R2(config-router)#netw 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 area 0R2(config-router)#ZR2#第3段:配置R3路由器Term_Server#3Resuming connection 3 to r3 . RouterenRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#no logg consoleRouter(config)#shostn R3R3(config)#int s0R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.1.6 255.255.255.252R3(config-if)#clock rate 64000R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config)#int e0R3(config-if)#no keepaR3(config-if)#ip addr 172.16.3.1255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#router ospf 100R3(config-router)#netw 192.168.1.6 0.0.0.0 area 0R3(config-router)#netw 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0 area 0R3 (config-router)#exitR3(config-if)#ZR3#(1)在上述配置中，首先对每台路由器的接口进行了配置。需要注意以下两点:在配置串行接口时，应按照接口所连接的电缆类型，对连接DCE电缆的接口配置时钟;在配置以太网接口时，使用了no keepalive命令，以便在不连接网线的情况下，使接口处于激活状态。(2)router ospf 100命令启动一个OSPF路由选择协议进程(Process)，其中的100为进程号。与配置IGRP和EIGRP协议中的AS号不同的是，在配置OSPF时，并不需要每台路由器中的进程号一致。AS和进程是完全不同的两个概念。(3)network命令使相应酌网段加入OSPF路由进程中，其格式为:network网络地址(或IP地址)通配码area区域号在本实验的配置中，使用了相应接口IP地址，并且把通配码写成0.0.0.0，区域号为0，即主干区域。在OSPF的配置中，只要把接口加入到OSPF进程中，此接口所对应的网段就加入到OSPF路由进程中了。(4)对于另外2台路由器重复类似的配置，完成OSPF协议的基本配置。第2部分:查看IP路由表和测试连通性下面对配置后的各路由器进行查看和测试，看是否实现了全网的连通。在这一部分，我们使用了show ip route、ping、trace等命令。监测清单11-1记录了所有的操作及其结果。监测清单11-1查看IP路由表并测试连通性R3#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsO172.16.1.0110/138via 192.168.1.5,00:00:21,Serial0C172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnetsO192.168.1.0110/128via 192.168.1.5,00:00:21,Serial0C192.168.1.4 is directly connected, Serial0R3#Term_Server#2Resuming connection 2 to r2 . R2#sh ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, 0 - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnetsO172.16.1.0 110/74 via 192.168.1.1,00:00:43,Serial1O172.16.3.0 110/74 via 192.168.1.6,00:00:43,Serial0192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1C192.168.1.4 is directly connected, Serial0R2#ping 172.16.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-tdp min/avg/max =16/18/20 msR2#ping 172.163.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent(5/5),round-trip min/avg/max=28/31/32 msR2#(1)首先在R3路由器上使用show ip route命令查看其IP路由表，可以看到有2条行首标注为O的路由项，它们就是由OSPF协议学习到的路由。这2条路由的目的网段分别为172.16.1.0/24和192.168.1.0/30，它们的下一跳点均为192.168.1.5(R2 S0接口)。在第1个路由表项中有110/138字段，其中110是OSPF的缺省管理距离，138则是本条路由的Cost。Cost即费用，是OSPF中的度量值标准，路由器用Cost来比较到达同一目的网段的不同路径的耗费。低的Cost表示是好的路径，相反则是差的路径。(2)接下来切换到R2路由器的控制台界面上，show ip route命令显示有2条OSPF路由,它们分别是通过192.168.1.1(R1 S1接口)到达172.16.1.0/24网段和通过192.168.1.6(R3 S0接口)到达172.16.3.0/24网段的路由项。(3)在R2路由器上分别间172.16.1.1和172.16.3.1发出了ping测试，结果是成功的。(4)在R1路由器上查看路由表，同样得到2条OSPF路由，分别指向目的网段172.16.3.0/24和192.168.1.4/30，其网关地址均为192.168.1.2(R2 S1接口)。(5)为测试172.16.1.0/24网段到172.16.1.0/24网段的端到端连通性，我们使用了扩展的ping命令。测试结果是成功的，表明从R1的E0接口到R3的E0接口之间是在IP层是正常连通的。(6)接下来的trace命令测试了从R1到R3的E0接口所经过的各个网关，它们依次是192.168.1.2和192.168.1.6。第3部分:查看OSPF协议相关信息下面使用有关命令查看OSPF协议的配置、邻居、接口和路由等信息。监测清单11-2记录了所使用的命令和相应的结果。监测清单11-2查看OSPF相关信息R2#sh ip protocolRouting Protocol is ospf 100Invalid after 0 seconds, hold down 0, flushed after 0Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces isIncoming update filter list for all interfaces isRouting for Networks:192.168.1.2/32192,168.1.5/32Routing Infottuation Sources:GatewayDistanceLast Update192.168.1.111000:09:26192.168.1.611000:09:26Distance: (default is 110)R2#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor IDPriStateDead TimeAddressInterface192.168.1.61FULL/ -00:00:34192.168.1.6Serial0192.168.1.11FULL/ -00:00:36192.168.1.1Serial1R2#sh ip ospf neighbor detailNeighborIn the area 0 via interface Serial0Neighbor priority is 1,State is FULL,6 state changesDR is 0.0.0.0 BDR is 0.0.0.0Options is 0x42Dead timer-due in 00:00:38Neighbor is up for 00:10:40Index 2/2, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1First 0x0(0/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msecNeighbor 192.168.1.1,interface address 192.168.1.1In the area 0 via interface Serial 1Neighbor priority is 1,State is FULL, 6 state changesDR is 0.0.0.0 BDR is 0.0.0.0Options is 0x42Dead timer due in 00:00:39Neighbor is up- for 00:10:50Index 1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 1First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)Last retransmission scan length is 1, maximum is 1Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msecR2#sh ip ospf interface s0Serial0 is up, line protocol is upInternet Address 192.168.1.5/30, Arca0Proems ID 100, Router ID 192.168.1.5,Network Type POINT_TO_POINT,Cost:64 Transmit Delay is 1 sec. State POINT_TO_POINT,Timer ititervals configured Hello 10,1ead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5Hello due in 00:00:00Index 2/2, flood queue length 0Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msecNeighbor Count is-: 1,Adjacent neighbor count is 1Adjacent with neighbor 192.168.1.6Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)R2#sh ip ospf databaseOSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.5) (Process ID 100)Router Link States(Area 0)Link IDADV RouterAgeSeq#Checksum Link count192.168.1.1192.168.1.18320x800000050xF6B83192.168.1.5192.168,1.58200x800000060xF6B84192.168.1.6192.168.1.68060x800000050xF6B83R2#Term_Server1Resuming connection 1 to r1 . R1#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor IDPriStateDead TimeAddressInterface192.168.1.51FULL/-00:00:36192.168.1.2Serial1R1#Term_Server3Resuming connection 3 to r3.R3#sh ip ospf neighborNeighbor IDPriStateDead TimeAddressInterface192.168.1.51FULL/-00:00:35192.168.1.5Serial0R3#sh ip route ospf172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted,2 subnetsO172.16.1.0110/138via 192.168.1.5,00:12:12,Serial0192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted,2 subnetsO192.168.1.0110/128via 192.168.1.5,00:12:12,Serial0R3#sh ip route 172.16.1.0Routing entry for 172.16.1./24Known viaospf 100,distance 110,metric 138,type intra areaLast update from 192.168.1.5 on Serial0,00:12:20 agoRouting Descriptor Blocks:* 192J68.1.5, from 192.168.1.1, 00:12:20 ago, via Serial