内齿轮在滚齿机“ FD250 ”上制造的可能性外文文献翻译@中英文翻译@外文翻译

INTERNAL GEARS MANUFACTURING POSSIBILITY ON THE GEAR HOBBING MACHINE “FD250” Sandor RAVAI NAGY, North Univrsity of Baia Mare, Romania Gabor Laszlo PAY, Ph.D., College of Nyiaregyhaza, Hungary Abstract: The paper presents the possibility to modify the FD250 gear hobbing machine, with a device, in a machine apply to manufacturing internal gears. Redesigned and equipped with device it is possible to obtain a machine tool with higher universality and a possibility to decrease the manufacturing price for the internal spur and helical gear. Key words: Internal gears, gear hobbing machine, design, device. 1. INTRODUCTION The paper presents the possibility to manufacture the internal cylindrical gears on the gear hobbing machines. To the present almost all internal gears what is manufactured with metal cutting methods are use the gear shaping procedures. With the presented solution it is possible to eliminate some problems what presuppose the gear shaping methods. In case when its manufactured helical gear for each helix angle the gear shaper need a varied 3D cam. This 3D cam presents many technical problems when are manufactured and his precision has direct influence on the gear precision. On the financial side the gear hobbing machine are cheaper and his productivity are higher. 2. APPLICATION AREA This method and the device find applicability in branch of gear manufacture firms in case when it is needs to obtain gears for prototype and small series. Concomitantly is a possibility to invest in the existing machines to growth the machines productivity. With the presented device the universality of machines are growled and it is succeeding to manufacture on the same machine differed types of gears. 3. THE “FD250” GEAR HOBBING MACHINE The FD250 gear hobbing machine (Figure 1.) was designed by the Cugir Mechanical Factory able to manufacture spur and helical gears with 250-300 mm maximal diameter and m=6 mm maximal module. On this machine it is possible to manufacture all work-piece with the generating method in the presented limits. For hob the maximal dimensions are the follows: Dh=105mm, Lh =100mm (hob diameter and length). 1 Fig. 1. The FD250 gear hobbing machine 4. THE “FD250” HOBBING MACHINE MODIFY TO BY ABLE MANUFACTUR E INTERNALS GEARS To effectuate the cutting procedure the cutting tools must by positioned inside of the donut form work-piece. For this the kinematics chain of primary motion for the hob must by to prolong. This proposed modification and the original kinematics chain are presented in (Figure 2.a. respective 2.b.) Fig. 2.a. The modified kinematics chain Fig. 2.b. The original kinematics chain In conformity with the adopted manufacturing method form-copying method or generating method in kinematics chain of indexing must introduce a manually indexing device for form copying case. After a dimensional and design study the follow possibility for modification are identified: 1- The work piece is fixed on the rotary-table and the cutting tool in device that introduce inside on the work piece, without modified the rear column. (Figure.3.) 2 Fig.3. Hobbing machine without modified the rear column This solution is applying in case of work piece with external diameter under 330mm, bec ause the rear column limits the work piece dimensions. 2- The work pieces are fixed on the rotary-table and the cutting tool in device that introduce inside on the work piece and the rear column are dismantling. (Figure.4.) Fig.4. Hobbing machine with dismantled rear column In this case its possible to manufacture work piece with 800-850 mm maximum diameter. But in this case must by accorded a several attention for what cutting data are choice for avoid the over require the kinematics chain of indexing. It is imported to not forget that FD250 are designed for cutting data adequate for work piece with maximal diameter 250-300 mm. The work piece is fixed on the rotary-table of gear hobbing machine with jaw church or with faceplate, in depends on his dimension. 5. USED CUTTING TOOLS The possible used cutting tools are the followings: - Gear-tooth side milling cutter, in case when the internal gear are manufactured with the form-copying method, tooth space by tooth space. (Figure.5.) The tools profile is obtaining similar with the profile for external dears, taking in consideration the 3 contact between the gears in gearing are convex-concave. Fig.5. Gear-tooth side milling cutter Fig.6. Ellipsoid hob and fly hob - Ellipsoid hob (Figure.6.) and fly hob, in case when the internal gears is manufactured with the generating methods. With the ellipsoid hob and fly hob it is possible to generate worm wheel for the internal worm . 6. DEVICE FOR THE CUTTING TOOLS FOR MANUFACTURING INTERNAL GEARS AND WHEELS. The proposed device for a simply use must by designed thus that do not modify the calculus method of the change gears compare with the toothed (external) gears. Namely the devices gearings must by have the constant equal with 1 and do not modify the rotation direction of cutting tools. For this the easy solution is using two gears Z2 and Z3 for to maintain the rotation direction and the toothed gear Z4 and the pinion Z1 are identical (Z1 =Z4 ). The cross slide “2”(Figure.7.b.) are dismtled and in they place are mounting the new device. Fig.7. The mounting of the new device Fig.8. The fixing method of the new device 4 For mounting the device the hob support with the cross slide”2” (Figure.8.) are remove. His fixing system it is used to fix a new device. This system is with saddle key “4”for eliminate the clearance between cross slide “2” and the fixing gripper “3” (Figure.8.)The cutting tools and the Z4 -toothed gear are fixed on the same shaft-type arbor and the tools (ellipsoid hob, gear-tooth side milling cutter, fly hob) are drive by the principal shaft through the device gearings (Z1 Z4 ). Fig.9. The proposed device Figure.9. presents the 3D model of the proposed device. When the cutting tool is change, because exist a several dimension restriction inside a work piece the shaft-type arbor with the tool and toothed gear Z4 all is dismantled and remounting with the new tool. 7. CONCLUSION - It is possible to manufacturing internal gears and wheels on the gear hobbing machine using a new device and adequate cutting tools. - Using the presented device it is a real possibility to manufacture helical gear without 3D cam for each helix angle , as are in case of manufacturing with the gear shaping methods. - The ellipsoid hob has a good defined domain where are able to use and are differ for each gear with module “m” and number of tooth This device has possibility to be a beginning for few optional device families for the existing gear hobbing machines. 8. REFERENCES 1 Pay,E., Vijdeliuc,M., Sziklai,V., (1987) Freza pentru prelucrarea melcului butoi. Brevet de inventie nr.103382, Bucuresti, Romania. 2 Pfauter, H., Pfauter-Walzfrasen. Teil 1.Verfahren, Maschinen, Werzeuge, Anwendungstechnik, Wechselr?der, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1976. 3 Ueno, T., Teraschima, K., Sakamoto, M., Study on Hobs for Cutting Internal Gears, In: Publication ASME New York, 1972. 4 Institutul Roman de Standardizare, Construcii de maini. Scule achietoare i portscule pentru prelucrarea metalelor, Vol. 1.s i 2., Editura Tehnica, Bucuresti, 1987. 5 * Cartea mainii FD250, Intreprinderea Mechanica, Cugir. 、 5 内齿轮 在滚齿机 “ FD250 ”上制造的可能性 Sandor RAVAI NAGY, North Univrsity of Baia Mare, Romania Gabor Laszlo PAY, Ph.D., College of Nyiaregyhaza, Hungary 傅立译 摘要： 介绍了可能修改 FD250 滚齿机， 使 一个设备在一台机器 上 适用于制造内齿轮。重新设计和配备的设备有可能获得较高的机床普遍性，以减少螺旋齿轮 的内部 制造价格 。 关键词： 内齿轮，滚齿机，设计，设备 。 1.导言 本文介绍制造内部圆柱齿轮的滚齿机机器的可能性，。目前几乎所有的内齿轮制造的金属切削方法是使用齿轮成型程序。 本文 提出 的 解决方案是有可能消除一些先决齿轮成型方法 的问题 。如果在当时的制造 斜齿轮螺旋角为每个的插齿需要一个不同的三维凸轮。这种三维凸轮提出了许多技术上的问题时，生产的精度直接影响齿轮 的 精度。在 经济 方面滚齿机 价格 便宜而且 他的生产率较高。 2. 应用领域 这种方法和装置适用于分支齿轮制造公司的情况，需要获得齿轮的原型和小批量生产。与此同时有可能投资于现有的机器， 使 机器的生产 效 率 提高 。 随着 人们提出机器设备性能通用性的呼声越来越高 ，它 能 成功的在同一台机器上生产不同类型的齿轮。 3 .“ FD250 ” 滚齿机 该 FD250 滚齿机（图 1 ）的设计是由能够制造螺旋 齿轮最大直径 为 250-300毫米和 最大模数 M = 6 毫米 的 Cugir 机械厂 制造的 。 对 在这台 机器上 可能制造 的 所有工件的 尺寸 提出 了范围 限制 。 滚刀的最大尺寸如下： Dh = 105 毫米， Lh = 100 （滚刀直径和长度） 。 6 图 1 . FD250 滚齿机 4 .修改 “ FD250 ” 型滚齿机 所能够制造的 内 齿轮 为了实行刀具 切割 程序必须由内部 垫圈定位 工件。为此 传动 链 上的 主要 运动件 滚刀必须通过延长。 以下是修改前和修改后的传动链的原理图 （图 2.a. 各自 2.b. ） 图 . 2.a.修改后的运动链 图。 图 2.b.原来的运动学链 符合通过制造方法的形式复制的方法或生成方法链的运动学中的索引必须引入索引手动装置的形式复制案件。 经过维和设计研究的后续修改的可能性是确定： 1 -工件是固定在旋转表和刀具的设备 上 ，引进内 部 工件，而修改后 的如图所示（ 图 .3 . ） 7 图 3 .滚齿机未经修改后柱 这个解决方案适用于工件外径 小于 330 毫米，因为后面限制 了 工件尺寸。 2 -工件固定在旋转表和刀具的设备 上 ，引进内 部 工件和拆除后方列 如图所示（ 图 .4 . ） 图 4 .滚齿 机与拆除后方栏 在这种情况下有可能制造工件的最大直径 800-850 毫米。但是，在这种情况下，必须通过给予若干注意 某些 切削数据的选择，避免了需要的运动链的 传动 。这是进 给速度所 不能忘记 的 ， FD250 是专为切割数据足以 加工 工件最大直径 为 250-300 毫米。 工件固定在旋转表滚齿机 的上面 或 滚齿机的 面板 上 ，在依赖于他的层面 上 。 5.切割工具 的使用 可能用 的 切割工具如下： -齿轮齿端铣刀的情况下，当 前 国内生产齿轮的形式 大都为 复制的方法，牙齿空间齿空间。 （ 图 .5 .） 8 配置文件的工具获得类似的配置文件外部 咬合 ， 同时考虑之间的接触齿轮传动的凹凸。 图 5.齿轮齿端铣刀 图 6 。椭球滚刀和粉煤灰滚刀 -椭球滚刀（ 图 .6 . ）和粉煤灰滚刀的情况下，当内部齿轮制造的产生方法。 在椭球滚刀和粉煤灰滚刀有可能产生蜗轮内部 干涉 。 6 .装置的切削工具制造内齿轮和车轮 因此 模拟 的设备地使用必须由设计 者 进行简单 的计算 ，不要修改演算方法 来 改变齿轮的 齿数 （外部）。即设备 的传动装置 必须有不断的 传动平衡 ，不修改旋转方向的切削工具。这个最简单的办法是使用两个齿轮 Z2和 z3 为保持旋 转方向和齿齿轮 Z4和齿轮 Z1 是相同的（ Z1 = Z4 ） 。 两岸幻灯片 “ 2 ” （ 图 .7.b . ）是 dismtled 并在他们的地方，越来越多的新设备。 图 7 .安装的新设备 图 8 .固定方法的新装置 9 安装该设备的滚刀支持的跨幻灯片 “ 2 ” （ 图 .8 . ）都删除。他的操纵系统，因此它是用来确定一个新的设备。这个系统是与鞍关键 “ 4