语法专项复习八.doc

语法专项复习八: 分词动词-ing 形式（一）构成动词-ing形式由动词原形加-ing构成。包括传统语法所指的现在分词和动名词。（二）形式 主动形式被动形式一般时doing being done 完成时having done having been done 1. -ing分词的一般式 Being a student, he was interested in books. 2. -ing分词的完成式 Having watered the vegetables, we began to dig the ground.3. -ing分词的被动语态一般式 This is the computer being repaired by Tom. 4. -ing分词的被动完成式 Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it go? 5. -ing分词的否定式Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Not having been notified of the change in the meeting time, Mike arrived late.注意：-ing分词的复合结构。 Would you mind my (me) using your telephone？（三）-ing 形式的用法1. 作主语 Playing with fire is dangerous. 2. 作表语 This book is very interesting. 3. 作宾语My brother likes swimming. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.4. 作补足语He saw the children playing in the yard. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for me for so long. The child was heard crying in the next room.5. 作定语 He is a promising young man. The bridge being built now is a hospital.6. 作状语While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. Not knowing how to work out this maths problem, she turned to the teacher for help. 动词-ed形式（一）构成动词+ed形式，即传统语法所指的“过去分词”。（二）-ed形式的用法 1. 作定语 a broken glass (=a glass which/that has been broken) 2. 作表语 I was pleased at the news. 3. 作补语I must get my bike repaired. （宾语补足语）The girl was found beaten black and blue. （主语补足语）4. 作状语 The children soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.He came back, utterly exhausted. 附：动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的用法比较虽然在语法功能上，-ed形式在句中所承担的成分基本与-ing形式相同，但在意义上两者不同：一般来说，-ing形式表示主动的意义，-ed形式表示被动的意义。-ing形式表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，-ed形式表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ing形式有“一般式”和“完成式”之分，而-ed形式只有一种形式。（一）用作表语时-ing形式表示主语所具有的特征，而-ed形式表示主语所处的状态。The book is quite interesting.I am interested in the book very much.（二）用作状语时-ing形式表示主语在谓语动作之前或之后或同时进行的另一动作，而-ed形式则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况。Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.不小心离开人行道后，他被公共汽车撞到了。（stepping动作发生在谓语动作之前）Born and bred in the countryside, he was bewildered by the big city.他生长在乡下，对这座大城市感到迷惑。（三）用作定语时1. -ing形式表示正在进行的动作，而-ed形式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。2. -ing形式表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ed形式则没有时间性。3. -ing形式表示主动，而-ed形式表示被动。an interesting book 一本有趣的书 （主动） an interested reader 一位感兴趣的读者 （被动） falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 （正在进行） fallen leaves 落叶 （已经完成）（四）用作补足语时We found the trees planted already. （trees与plant之间为逻辑上的动宾关系）We found many people planting trees there. （people与plant之间为逻辑上的主动关系）When I got home, I found my wallet gone. （“丢”这一动作已经完成）（五）-ed形式与-ing形式被动式的比较1. 及物动词的-ed形式与-ing形式的一般被动式都有被动意义，有时二者无甚区别。如下列句子中用不用being皆可：(Being) seized with a sudden fear, she gave a scream. 她突然感到害怕，叫了一声。This (being) done, I started to clean the windows. 做完此事，我就开始擦洗窗户。2. 但在某些情况下，二者则是有区别的。例如：I heard the song being sung. 我听到这首歌正在被人唱。（表示动作正在进行）I heard the song sung. 我听到这首歌被人唱过。 （表示动作已完成）（一）巩固练习1. The programme is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to stop it. A. begins B. having beginning C. beginning D. begun 2. You will be immediately fired if you are found _ in the office. A.smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked3. Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 4. _ the project, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. If we have illegal immigrants _ in, many local workers will lose their jobs. A. came B. coming C. to come D. having come6. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7. When first_ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced8.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek_TV. A.towatch B.towatching C.watching D.watch9.To learn English well, we should practise _ English every day. A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. to speak 10.Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractedthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt 11. _ bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. Tobeattracted D. Havingattracted12. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have hadB. Having had C. Have D. Having13. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A. payingB. paid C. to be paid D. being paid14. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching15. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed（二）高考聚焦16. While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings17. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran18. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused19. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 20. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put21. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 22. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken23. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D to blow down24. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having25. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough.