新编大学英语第二版第三册第一单元UnitOnePersonality.docVIP

新编大学英语第二版第三册Unit One Personality编著：浙江大学出版社：外语教学与研究出版社. Teaching Content:1. Listening and Speaking2. Structure3. Translating and writing. Teaching Objectives Theoretical basis: College English Syllabus (1999); College English Curriculum Requirements (2004) The teaching of this unit aims to 1. Enable Ss to master the target words and expressions especially those concerning about personality.2. Improve the students abilities of communication and making comments relating to the theme of the unit. Important and Difficult Points1. To describe peoples personalities, to discuss how to overcome shyness and discuss the effect of ones personality on his health.2. To learn how to use the key words and phrases: accent, acquaintance, constant, contrast, inferior, isolate, passive, thoughtfully, timid, come along, dwell on, in contrast, set aside. 3. To master the important grammar: word-building (self-word). Methods of Teaching Mainly applying task-based approach and communicative one to construct a student-centered classroom Multi-media teaching equipment Group discussion Live performance. Time Allotment (9 periods)1-2Preparation & Speaking Activities3-4In-Class Reading5-6After-Class Reading & Translating and Writing7-8ListeningUnit 1 The Misery of ShynessPart Preparation & Speaking (2 periods)A. Introduction In a general sense, the term personality refers to all the personal and moral characteristics that determine the way a person thinks, feels and acts in his or her social and personal relations. These traits include a vast variety of attitudes and attributes such as shyness, generosity, patience, flexibility, sadness, humor, cheerfulness, selfishness, independence and aggressiveness. Most people are a mix of positive and negative traits. Personality traits that are valued in one culture may be frowned upon in another culture. Similarly, qualities that are encouraged in boys might be regarded as negative traits in girls.It is common that many Chinese students feel self-conscious or uncomfortable to speak English in or out of class. As a result, they lose more opportunities to practice English. Thus, shyness is in the way to English improvement.B. TasksTask 1: Describe Personality1. Figure out the adjectives to describe the following personalities based on the given information. A. He is a liar, and you cant ask him to do anything for you. (dishonest and unreliable) B. He never buys his friends a drink in a bar. (mean and tight-fisted ) C. She knows exactly what she wants to achieve in life and how to get there. (ambitious and single-minded) D. He listens to other peoples opinions, and knows there are always two sides to an argument. (broad-minded and tolerant) E. She just doesnt seem to realize what she does could hurt other peoples feelings. Its all me! Me! Me! Me! with her! (thoughtless and self-centered) F. She is very quiet and goes red if anyone speaks to her. (shy and insecure) G. He loves parties and doing his own things. (outgoing and independent) H. She is always asking questionsalways wants to know things. (lively and inquisitive) I. She never forgets my birthday. (sensitive and thoughtful)2. Talk about your behavior or experience in your daily life and ask your team members to describe your personality. Clue: ambitious, annoying, argumentative, bad-tempered, big-headed, bitchy(脾气坏的，傲慢的), brave, carefree, conservative, conventional, cowardly, crazy, cruel, dull, friendly, amicable, generous, hard-working, honest, amiable, lazy, loyal, mean, modest, moody, nave, naughty, open-minded, narrow-minded, intolerant, polite, proud, reliable, self-confident, selfish, sensible, sensitive, stubborn, sympathetic, talkative, trustworthy, two-faced, weirdTask 2: Personality and JobDifferent jobs require different personalities. A person who is matched appropriately to the skills and attitudes required for a particular job is more likely to be effective and successful.Role play in the episode of job interview personality traits.Hints:What is your strongest trait?How would your friends or colleagues describe you?What personality traits do you admire?What leadership qualities did you develop as an administrative personnel?What do you find frustrating in a work situation?How do you handle your conflicts with your colleagues in your work?How do you handle your failure?What provide you with a sense of accomplishment?Task 3: Personality and HealthIn recent years, various studies have shown that health and personality are interrelated. Negative attitudes can have negative effects on peoples health. Discuss the effect of ones personality on his health: a pessimist vs. an optimist.C. Warming-Up Questions (in-class reading) Work in groups to answer the following questions.1. Why do most people describe themselves as shy? SampleBecause they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. They are anxious and self-conscious. 2. Would you please list some ways mentioned in the text to overcome shyness?Sample:Firstly we should remember that nobody can be perfect. We should recognize our personal strengths and weaknesses. Secondly we should set reasonable goals. Thirdly we should accept criticism thoughtfully. The most important thing is to study hard and read widely to enrich our knowledge, try to make more friends, and encourage ourselves to get involved in more activities in school. In this way well become popular and not shy any more. 3. The author has listed some ways in the text to overcome shyness. Which one is practical and useful to you ?Sample:The writer has mentioned ten ways to overcome shyness. To me, the first and the second are very important. First, we should recognize our personal strengths and weaknesses. By knowing our strengths we can build self-confidence and improve ourselves. Secondly, setting reasonable goal will prevent us from feeling upset and frustrated when we fail. Thirdly we should accept criticism thoughtfully and know that everyone experiences some failures and disappointments. D. Homework Remember the new words and phrases Part In-Class Reading (2 periods)A. Text Structure 1. Introduction (Para. 1)Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2. Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect (Para. 2-3)Peoples self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.3. Ways of overcoming shyness (Para. 4-15) 4. Conclusion (Para. 16)The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.B. Sentence Study 1. It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. (Line 7) 译 文：很显然这种不安的感觉会对人们产生不利的影响。语法训练：must + 动词原型: to be likely or certain to do 对现在情况的推测、推论。表示根据情况推断、认定某事是必然的。ExampleYou must feel tired after walking such a long distance.走了这么长的路，你必定是累了。I dont get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something wrong. 我的电视机图像不好，肯定有故障。TranslationI cant date that house exactly, but it must be very old.我不能确切地说出那所房子的年代，但一定是很古老的。The light went out. The electricity must be off.灯熄了，一定是停电了。我考试失败了。你一定认为我很笨吧。I failed the examination. You must think I am stupid.2. In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. (Line 18)译 文：相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。句型应用：in/by contrast：固定短语。意为“与相反；与形成对比；相比之下”。用来表示对比。如果后面接宾语，要用in contrast with/to 或by contrast with。ExampleCoal, gas, oil, nuclear power, or water power can all generate electricity for an electric train. In contrast, diesel trains run only on diesel oil. In contrast to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. Translation与从前不同，这个地区今天已成为一个繁华的、丰富多彩的水果和鲜花市场。Today, in/by contrast, the area is a lively and colorful fruit, vegetable, and flower market.与你的悲观看法相反，我宁愿采取积极的态度。In contrast with your pessimistic point of view, I would rather take a positive attitude.3. It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. (Line 23)译 文：显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利、有害的。 难句分析：此句it是形式主语。overdoing it is detrimental or harmful是真正的主语。while引导的句子作后一句子的让步状语从句。句型应用：It is clear that while, + 主语从句：意为“尽管/虽然 ，但是是显而易见的”“很显然，尽管/虽然 ， 仍 。” 句型中的clear也可换成obvious, evident, true, necessary, important等。具体翻译时有所不同。ExampleIt is true that while yours is a good idea, I am afraid it will be hard to put into practice. 你的主意确实很好，但我恐怕它很难付诸实践。 It is clear that while he understands what you say, he cant agree with you.显然，尽管他理解你说的话，但是他并不赞同。4. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. (Line 74)译 文：我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。 句型应用：The better , the easier属于the more , the more 句型的用法。The more , the more 表示比较，“越 ，越”。ExampleThe better the girls liked the moving story, the more it made them cry. 女孩子越喜欢感人的故事，越容易被故事弄得哭哭啼啼。The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder the steel becomes. 钢含碳的成分越多，冷却得越快，那么钢就越硬。C. Words and Phrases 1. excessively (adv.) (Line 3, Para. 1)in an excessive amount, to an excessive degree 过分地，过度地，非常地Translation 我不多喝酒。I dont drink excessively.晚会的噪音非常地大。The noise from the party is excessively loud.词汇扩充：excessive (adj.) 过多的，过分的，额外的excess (n.) 过度，剩余，超额，超过exceed (v.) 超过，胜过请选择以上词汇完成句子。守门员因持球时间过长而受罚。The goal-keeper was punished for excessive possession of ball_. 他吃得很好，但不过多。He ate well, but not _to excess_. 你拆阅那些信件是越权行为。You are _exceeding your duty_ in opening those letters. 2. profound (adj.) (Line 10, Para. 2)1) deep; complete 深切的，极度的，极深的（比deep正式）2) having, showing, or using thorough knowledge and deep understanding 知识渊博的；深奥的请完成下面的句子。空无一人的教堂里寂静无声。There was a _profound silence_ in the empty church. 他知识渊博，深受人们喜爱。He is a man of _profound knowledge_, deeply beloved by people.请熟悉下面的表达或搭配。a profound sigh 深长的叹息 profound knowledge渊博的知识profound regret 极为遗憾 a profound sleep 酣睡3. confirm (vt.) (Line 20, Para. 3)+ that support; make certain; give proof (of) 支持；确实；证实Translation请给我来封信以便证实你在电话中传达的消息。Please confirm your telephone message by letter.我们打电话给那家旅馆以确认我们的房间已订妥。We confirmed the reservation by calling the hotel.请熟悉下面的表达。confirm a rumor 证实谣言confirm ones belief 坚定信念confirm a contract 批准合同 confirm a theory 证实一个理论形近词认知conform 遵照，符合，一致，后面常跟to或withaffirm ,断言，声明4. inferiority (n.) (Line 20, Para. 3)the quality of condition of being inferior; lower rank or state 低劣inferior (adj.) (常与 to 连用，无比较级、最高级形式)次的；劣等的；较劣的请完成下面的句子。我发现难以摆脱一种社会自卑感。I found it difficult to shake off _ a sense of social inferiority_.巴特曾非常自卑，以至于觉得自己不如见过的任何一个受过教育的人。Barter had been so humiliated that he felt himself _ to be inferior to every educated man he met.5. compliment (Line 21, Para. 3)n. 1) expression of admiration, approval, ect,. 恭维之表示；敬意；赞扬2) (pl.) (formal) greetings 问候；致意；道贺v. express admiration, approval 恭维；赞扬请用下面的提示词造句。称赞 我的画 (pay sb. a compliment/compliment sb. on sth.)She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings.She complimented me on my paintings. 她接受他对的称赞She accepted his compliment about her dress with a smile.6. eliminate (v.) (Line 25, Para. 4) eliminate from: remove 除去；删除；淘汰请完成下面的句子。他已被取消了游泳比赛资格，因为他在训练中没有得到名次。He has been eliminated from the swimming race _ because he did not win any of the practice races.那位建筑师在估算房子的价格时未曾把家具考虑在内。The architect _ eliminated the cost of furniture _ in figuring the cost of the house.近义词辨析eliminate (vt.) remove or get rid of completely 消除reduce (vt.) make less in size, amount, price, degree 减少，降低diminish (vt. vi.) (cause to ) become less in size or importance 减少，降低重要性请选择 eliminate, reduce 或 diminish 的适当形式填空。We cant eliminate the use of paper but we can certainly reduce_ the amount of paper we waste.I _ reduced_ my weight by going on a diet.I dont want to _ diminish_ her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.The threat of nuclear war has _ diminished_.7. dwell (vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) (Line 31, Para. 4)1) dwell in /at: reside 居住2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about 凝思；详细；论述；仔细研究请完成下面的句子。不要过分沉溺在痛苦的回忆之中。Dont _ dwell too much on _ painful memories我们的眼睛凝视着美丽的夕阳。Our eyes _ dwelled on_ the beautiful sunset.My grandma dwells in the country. 我奶奶_住在_乡下。8. reasonable (adj.) (Line 42, Para. 7)1) having ordinary common sense; able to reason 有普通常识的；能推理的；合乎做事道理的2) moderate 适度的；不多不少的Translation你认为让人们每周工作60小时上是合理的吗?Do you think it reasonable to expect people to work more than 60 hours a week?她不得不给自己的迟到找一个合理的借口。 She cannot but find a reasonable excuse for her being late.9. rejection (n.) (Line 55, Para. 10)the action or process of rejecting a thing or person 抵制；拒绝；抑制, 排斥reject (v.) (Line 63, Para. 12)请完成下面的句子。因为害怕被拒绝，他从不敢向她求婚。He was never able to ask her to marry him out of _ fear of rejection_.他后悔拒绝了那个年轻人提供的帮助。He regretted _ rejecting the offer of help_ from the young man. 10. remove (v.) (Line 66, Para. 13)remove from1) take off or away from the place occupied 移动；拿开 2) get rid of 除去；排除Translation愤怒之余，他从打字机上取走了打了一半的那一页。Out of rage, he removed the half-finished page from the typewriter.What do you advise for removing ink stains from clothes?你有什么好办法祛除衣服上的墨渍吗？11. have sth. at heart (Line 67, Para. 13)be deeply concerned about 对深切关心Translation他深切地关心穷人的福利问题。He has the welfare of the poor at heart.Private employment agencies may not have your best interests at heart.私有雇佣代理机构不会将你的最大利益放在心上。请熟悉下面的表达或搭配。be the heart and soul of 是的核心人物；是的灵魂have a broken heart 伤心, 绝望, 心碎learn by heart 默诵；默记from ones heart 真诚地；衷心地；从心底里have a heart of gold 口 有一颗金子般的心, 心地善良D. Useful Expressions1. 令人烦恼的想法一直在我的脑海中盘旋。Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in my mind.2. 他的批评证实了我比别人差。His criticism confirms my inferiority.3. 你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。Youre just saying that to make me feel good. 4. 坚持不懈的努力determined and patient effort5. 老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能。Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.6. 认清自己的优缺点。Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.7. 感到羞愧是无济于事的。Feeling ashamed accomplishes nothing.8. 所有问题都有许多种解决办法。There are numerous approaches to all issues.E. Homework1. Do exercise 4 and Translation on page 17 2. Memorize para.2.Part After-Class Reading & Translating and Writing (2 periods)A. After-Class ReadingB. Translating Activities：被动语态的主动与被动译法在很多场合下，英语中被动语态使用的频率非常高。比如，在不必说出主动者，无从说出主动者或者为了便于上下文语式、语气和结构的连贯情况下，往往都用被动语态。在英译汉的过程中对被动语态可按两大途径处理。将英语被动句译成汉语主动句；将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。英语被动句转换成汉语主动句：将英语被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句时，可分以下几类处理：原文中的主语在译文中做主语；原文中的主语在译文中作宾语；原文中被动结构句译成汉语中带有“的”字的主动句；增添或不显示主语处理英语常用被动句型。翻译练习：The sense of inferiority (自卑感) that he got in his youth has never been totally cleared up.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。（主语）Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience.读书补天然不足，经验又补读书之不足。（宾语）Time can always be found to do things one wants to do.只要想干，总是可以找到时间。（表语）It will be seen from this that he must be a weak leader.（人们）由此可见他一定是一个能力欠缺的领导。（增添主语或无主语）英语被动句译成汉语被动句：汉语有时也用被动形式来表达意思，但是往往会借助于一些具有被动意义的词语，如：“被”、“遭受”、“由”、“把”、“受到”或“予以”等，即将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。翻译练习：She was blamed for everything her sisters did.她因为妹妹所做的事而遭受谴责。Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听。It must be dealt with at the proper time with proper means.这种事情必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。C. Writing Activities1前车之鉴：影响作文得分的常见错误： 拼写错误多；句子主要成份不全；句子主谓不一致；谓语时态混乱；用词不当；上下文指代不清；语态与语气渗杂使用；句型误码用汉语式的句子。2写作策略：集中精力、大量背诵优秀范文。使尽可能多的地道英语句子在脑海中刻下深深的烙印，以期减少作文在句子层次上的语言错误。尤其要注意拼写方面的错误。 分清大小写；减少书写笔误；避免用缩写或不规范拼写；不会写的单词不要随意处理；正确使用英文标点符号。3写作实践Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to a Former Classmate .You should write at least 120 words according to the given information below:最近，你收到了一封高中同班同学的来信。他正在你们原来的高中复读。又一年的高考临近，因为在去年的高考中失