专业八级改错样题.doc

专业八级改错样题Something has been happening to the concept of fiction,either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, _1_ this concept operated under common understood restrictions. _2_ It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain _3_ aspect of literature in generalthe element of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, _4_ scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained _5_ a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of fiction has undergone an extension. Though still used to _6_ refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to _7_ be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, andbeliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is _8_ not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictivebut the message or world view conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter.Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind _9_ of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all _10_ meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that life and reality are themselves fictions.答案：1. eitherbothboth.and.为固定搭配。2. commoncommonly过去分词understood作定语，需要副词修饰3. 在第二个a certain前加to，与前面的to短语并列，都为refer to所加的短语4. likeas 或 删掉suchsuch.as为固定搭配。如删掉such则为单独由like引出所举的说明性的例子5. containedcontaining现在分词做定语，相当于定语从句。6. extensionexpansionextension与expansion为形近词，前者强调纵向的扩大，增加或延长，后者着重多方位的，全面的发展和扩大。7. workworks此处指的是文学作品，常用works。8. 删掉being整篇文章都为一般现在时。9. GoneGoing现在分词作状语，表示动作由主语发出。10. althoughbecause应该是原因状语从句，而不是让步状语从句。Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated from London to New York City when shewas ten years old. One day, she decided that she wanted _1_ to be a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a womanin the middle of the nineteenth century. Before writing _2_ many letters seeking an admission to medical school, she _3_ was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. Therefore _4_ determined she was that she taught in school and gave _5_ music lessons to earn money for her tuition.In 1849,until graduating from medical school, she decided _6_ to farther her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, _7_ but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.Upon returning to the US, she found difficult to start her _8_ own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, managed to open a new hospital,the first for woman and children. Besides being the first _9_ female physician and found her own hospital, she also _10_ established the first medical school for women.答案：1. yearsyears2. BeforeAfter.此处是讲述Elizabeth Blackwell写了许多信之后，最终被费城的一个医生所接受。3. 删掉an.admission是不可数名词。4. ThereforeSo.此处隐藏着一个so.that.结构5. 删掉in.teach school为固定搭配，教书6. untilafter.据时间顺序，她是1849年从医学院毕业后决定去巴黎深造。7. fartherfurther.farther只能做副词，further既可以做副词也可以做动词，此处就是further做动词，并带有宾语her education。8. 在difficult前加it.it做形式宾语，替代不定式to start her own practice。9. womanwomen.如果用一个人或东西说明整个类属的特点，有三种表示方式：在名词前加不定冠词；在名词前加定冠词；用名词的复数形式。此处就是使用名词的复数形式表示类属，women and children。10. foundfounding.与being一样作介词besides的宾语。Humankinds future safety and longevity of life on Earth largelydepend on the environment which we live. Keeping the air we _1_ breathe free of pollution is a major priority towards making thisearth a safe place. Other areas of concern are water, land, the ozonelayer, and the preservation of flora and fauna of the planet.Every country has ecological issues to deal. In South America, _2_ the rain forests are rapidly disappearing as people burn and cut downtrees to make for farmland. Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries _3_ have a battle to fight with air, water, and land pollution. Lakesand swamps are spread with debris. _4_ Mass chemical spraying is used to kill pests on trees and plants. Abundant _5_ use of water in countries as China has caused major water shortage. _6_ Rivers become polluted by factories and the populations that liveon their banks. Global warming is considered a major factor caused _7_ the droughts in eastern China, the Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya.The reduction of the ozone layer is blamed for the global warming trendsin variant countries of this globe, and the spread of disease like skin _8_ cancer. Societies at large need to pay attention to the existing problemsin order to get of the imminent danger of famine, drought and diseases _9_ that rise from the damage that pollution causes. _10_ 答案：1.whichin此处的介词其实是和live连用的，live in the environment。2.dealwith。deal with是固定搭配，意思是“解决，处理”。3.makeway。根据上下文可以断定此处文章要说的是“人们烧，伐树木为的是给开垦农田让路。”make way for something。是“给让路”，符合此处需要的意思。4.spreadpolluted/littered。这里的关键是要知道debris的意思是“碎片，残骸等”，所以根据上下文这里的意思是“湖泊和湿地被一些碎片残骸所污染或弄得凌乱不堪”才符合逻辑。5.Abundanthe。此处不是泛指，而是特指，所以要有定冠词。6.aslike。此处是拿中国举例，所以要用介词like“像一样”。7.causecausing。此处定于分句是主动的意义。8.variant改为various。variant是“变体的，变种的”，而various表示“不同的”，符合此处意思。9.getofrid。固定搭配get rid of 是“摆脱”的意思。10.riseariseWhether the eyes are the windows of the soul is debatable;they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a _1_ fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimuli that _2_ produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not to be real: a _3_ mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real humanface with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, or will the sight of _4_ only one eye when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to _5_ eyes opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. _6_ In one study, when American four-year-old were asked to draw _7_ people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, and 99 percent _8_ of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, furthermore, where babies _9_ are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, _10_ Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decodemeaning. 答案：1.they-that分句后的分句应有它独立的主谓结构，正像它前面的结构一样。而后半句的谓语是is，表语是fact，主语似乎是缺失的，因此在they前面加上that就构成了主语从句作为这半句的主语。2.stimuli-stimulusstimuli看似单数实则是stimulus的复数形式，因此应改为stimulus。3.to-/这里的need作情态动词，因此删去to。4.or-nor并列的否定，用否定形式nor表示倒装。5.on-inin profile表示 “侧面，从侧面”。如：The painting shows her in profile。6.opposed-asopposed前应使用连词as引导比较分句。7.old-olds由谓语的复数形式可以看出这里需要用复数形式four-year-olds。8.and-but9.furthermore-however上一句话指明美国文化中眼睛的重要性，而这一句话似乎指出日本文化中眼睛并不具有同样的重要性，因此两句话的关系是转折而不是递进。10.like-as句子中有一个asas比较结构。The Indian coastal belt has not recorded many Tsunamis in the past.Waves companying earthquake activity have been reported over _1_ the North Bay of Bengal. During an earthquake in 1881 which has its _2_ epicenter near the centre of the Bay of Bengal, Trsunamis were reported.The earthquake of 1941 in Bay of Bengal caused some damage in Andamanregion. This was unusual because most Tsunamis were generated by _3_ shocks which occur at or near the flanks of continental slopes.During the earthquake of 1819 and 1845 near the Rann of Kutch, _4_ there were rapid movements of water into sea. _5_ There is no mention of waves resulting in these earthquakes along _6_ the coast adjacent the Arabian sea, and it is unlikely that Tsunamis _7_ were generated. Further west, in the Persian Gulf, the 1945 Merkranearthquake generated Tsunami of 12 to 15 metres height. This caused a huge deluge, with considerate loss of life and property at Ormara _8_ and Pasi. The estimated height of Tsunami at Gulf of Combay was 15m and no report of damage is available. The estimated height of _9_ waves was about 2 metres at Mumbai, which boats were taken away _10_ from their moorings and casualties occurred.答案：1.companying-accompanying.动词accompany和名词company不要混淆。company是名词，除了“公司”的意思之外，还有“陪伴，伙伴”的意思。比如：Keep somebody company（陪伴某人），have no company（没有伙伴）。accompany作为动词“陪伴”的意思，如：accompany somebody on a trip。2.has-had.这里讲的是1881年的地震，应该用过去时态。3.were-are.虽然主句是过去时态，但是because从句中讲的是没有时间限制的一般道理，不因为时间的改变而改变，所以应该用现在时态。4.earthquake-earthquakes.这里说的是1819和1845年的两次地震，所以对应的名词应该是复数形式。5.sea-the.sea 前通常要带定冠词，这属于习惯用法。另外，表示具体的海洋，江河等名词前通常也有定冠词。6.in-from.result in 和result from的区别是：前者介词in后面跟结果，后者介词from后面跟原因。从上下文来看，是说地震引起海浪，所以应该用from。7.adjacent-to.形容词adjacent可以直接放在名词前做定语，例如：an adjacent city（一个临近的城市）。但是如果做后置定语就要和介词to搭配，例如： a city adjacent to Shanghai。8.considerate-considerable.considerate意思为 “体贴的，周到的”，considerable意思是“相当大的，相当多的”。（这个词在57期也刚改过的，现在完全记住了了吧_）9.and-but.前文说12到15米高的海啸给Ormara和Pasi两个地方带来了很大的损失，而Combay海湾的海啸有15米高，却没有灾难记录。从前后句的逻辑关系来看，二者是对比转折，所以应该用but。10.whcih-where.先行词是Mumbai，在非限制性关系分句中做地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导。Yesterday afternoon John and I were walking along a road where we heard someone shout Help! Help! He was in _1_ a lake, about a hundred feet from the shore. There was a _2_ small boat nearby. We knew immediately what happened. _3_ He had fallen out of the boat and could not swim good enough _4_ to reach it or to get to the shore. As we ran towards the lake I saw him sunk, and I was certain that he would drown. But in _5_ a moment his head appeared again. Quickly John took out his _6_ shoes, jumped into the water and started swimming toward the drowned man. He reached him just as the man went down _7_ again. He was close enough as to stretch out his hand and try _8_ to take hold of the mans clothes or his hair before he sank.But the man threw out his arms in fear, caught John across the _9_ neck, and began to draw him down under the water. John fought to keep his head above the water and at the same time tried to swim toward the boat, pulled the man with him. _10_ 答案：1. wherewhen2. a lakethe lake据上下文判断，这是指离海边唯一的湖泊，因此用定冠词3.在happened前加had4. goodwell副词well修饰swim5.sunksinking现在分词表示正在进行的动作6. outoff7. drowneddrowningdrowned意味着此人已经被淹死了，drowning表示正在进行，快要淹死了8. 去掉as直接由to stretch作状语9. acrossaroundacross意味“穿过”，即“穿过他的脖子”，意义不通顺。改为around即为“抱着他的脖子”，合乎逻辑和本文意义10. pulledpullingIndustrial growth in countries had formerly been markets _1_ hastened regional self-sufficiency and, in the consequence, _2_ hastened the collapse of organized long-distance trade. This process was intensified by the spread of a new metal, iron.In almost 1400 B.C. new smelting techniques led to the high _3_ temperatures which could produce an iron superior in strength to bronze. Probably developing in northeastern _4_ Turkey, this process spread over Europe considerately more _5_ rapidly than the art of processing bronze.This rapid spread was due not only particularly war and the movements _6_ of people, but chiefly, to the wide occurence of iron ore as well. _7_ Iron was available for smelting in almost every land and, in efficiency,iron forging offered almost every country the _8_ prospect of economical self-sufficiency. It was eagerly seized _9_ upon, and the bottom fell out of the bronze market and thegeneral economics. Trade stagnated, ships were laid up, and _10_ a recession set in.答案：1. had前加that/which由that/which引导定语从句2. 去掉thein consequence of 为习语3.almostabout/around4. developingdeveloped过去分词表示该工艺已经开发完成5. consideratelyconsiderably两者为形近词，前者意为“体谅地，体贴地”，后者则是“相当地”6. 在war前加to此处为due not only to.but chiefly to.的结构7. occurenceoccurrence拼写错误8. efficiencyeffectin effect为习语，相当于in fact9. economicaleconomic前者意味“节省的，经济的”，后者意为“经济状况的，与经济相关的”10. economicseconomy前者意为“经济学”，后者意为“经济”Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years before, you cant help being strucked by the _1_ appearance of the women taking part. Their hair styles andmake-up look date; their skirts look either too long or too _2_ short; thei