专业英语四级词汇辨析

Passpass up1. 把向上传递： When I got to the top of the ladder, please pass up the tools.请把工具递给我。2. 升起： The cover is to prevent the smells from passing up into the air.这盖子是防止冒出气味的。3. 美国口语放过；放弃；拒绝： Imagine passing up an offer like that!真想不到竟放弃这样好的条件!4. 错过；失去(机会)： It doesnt do to be too modest. You can pass a lot of business up that way.态度羞怯是不行的，这样你会失去许多生意的。5. (特指没认出来而)经过某人，不理睬： I saw Jim in the street but he passed me up.6. 美国俚语(大学)修完课程，得到学分pass along1. 沿走： We passed along by the road as we went to the station.2. (沿)传递(或传送)下去： Pass this notice along, please.。3. 公共汽车售票员用语往前走，往里走： Pass right along the bus,please.pass upon裁决；宣判；判断；鉴定；发表意见： I cant pass an opinion upon your work without seeing it.没有看到你的作品，我不能发表意见pass away1. 度过(消磨)时间；(时间)过去；流逝： Conversation with friends soon passes an evening away.2. 结束；停止；消失，不再存在： The storm should pass away before dark.3. (时间)过去： pass away from ones mind忘记4. 死，逝世： pass by1. 路过；经过： I passed by your house last night at about ten oclcok.2. (时间)逝去；过去： Three years had passed by before she finally found a suitable job.3. 忽略；遗漏；不注意： I cannot pass the matter by without making a protest.我不能对此事听之任之。4. 经过(某人)身旁而不理他： He simply passed by and did not notice his girl friend was there too.他只顾往前走，没有注意到他女朋友也在那里。5. 不理；躲开；回避： He passed me by as though he had never in his life seen me before.6. 对没影响，不起作用： The romantic act has passed her by.7. (生活)没有给(某人)愉快与享受： He feels that life is passing him by,i.e.,that he is not profiting from or enjoying the opportunities and pleasures of life.他觉得生活与他形同陌路，也就是说，他从未从生活中得到好处、机会与乐趣。8. 以为名： He passed by the name of John many years.多年来他一直使用约翰这个名字。pass into1. 进入(地方、状态)： 2. 考入，考进(学校)： Its not easy to pass into this key university.3. 慢慢地变成(另一种东西或历史的一部分)： Day passed into night.pass off1. 停止，终止；逐渐消失： The storm should pass off before dark.2. 进行到最后；结束；完成： The meeting passed off very well.3. 转移他处；故意不去注意；漠然视之；认为无关紧要： He passed off the accusation with a laugh.他对指责一笑了之。4. 把冒充为；使称是；作为(真东西)出售： He passed his secretary off as his wife.他将秘书冒充为他的妻子。5. 回避；掩饰；不加理会： Seeing that the story had given offence to some people,he attempted to pass it off with a joke.看到他讲的故事已经冒犯了一些人，他想讲一个笑话来避开它。6. 克服；应付过去： It was not to be passed off so easily as that.7. 以假货冒充真品骗人接受： He tried to pass off a false Dagas on the auctioneer.他试着把假的德加的画卖给拍卖人。8. 使人不去注意，忽视： I managed to pass off his insult.我终于没去理会他的侮辱。pass sth on to把passon to把传去pass sth on to sb递给某人某pass out1. (免费)散发；分发： The exhibitors at the trade fair passed out free samples to stimulate interest.2. 离去；出去；(式样等)过时；消失： These words have passed out of current use.这些词已经不再通用了。3. 失去知觉；昏迷；晕倒： She passed out when she heard the bad news.4. 醉得不省人事；酩酊大醉： After three drinks, the man passed out.5. 死去；逝世： 6. 不能看见、听见；不再存在；不再出版： The book has passed out of print.此书已经绝版。7. 美国英语毕业(尤指在军校毕业及毕业后获得军职)： How many of the young men passed out this year?这些年轻人中今年有多少毕业了?8. (打桥牌时)四家都不叫牌pass the buck1. 口语推诿(或推卸)责任(给某人)；归罪(于某人)；愚弄人家2. 【牌戏】把轮到发牌的筹码转给另一人3. 美国俚语把责任推给别bringbring along1. 使发展，帮助(某人)发展，促使的成长发展；教育；培养亦作 bring on： Were trying to bring along several promising young football player.我们正设法培养出几个有前途的年轻足球运动员。2. 培植，促使迅速生长(或开花)，帮助(农作物、花、蔬菜等)更快生长(或开花): The fine spell weve been having will bring the crops along very nicely.这一段时间的好天气会使作物生长旺盛。3. 把带来，把领来： Please bring your wife along next time.请你下次带你夫人一块儿来。bring around(或round) 说服，；使转向；用好话哄骗以使心情变好，哄劝得高兴起来： He brought her around to my point of view.他说服她同意我的观点。把带来(或引来)，(从不远的地方)带(某人或某物)来： He brought around a new employee this afternoon. 口语使恢复知觉(或健康)，使复苏，使复原： With the help of cold water he was soon brought round.用泼冷水的办法很快就使他苏醒过来。把转(或引)到，把(谈话或讨论)引向自己爱好的题目(to)： She keeps trying to bring the conversation round to the family life.【航海学】使(船)掉过头来，使(船)转向： Since the wind changed, they had to bring the ship round.bring back1. 把带回来，拿回来；使(某人)回来；归还： Bring back some tea for me.2. 使被忆起，使被想起，使回忆起，使记起： His singing brings back memories of my father.3. (使)恢复： The country has brought back hanging as a punishment.该国已恢复了绞刑。4. 使康复，使复原；使恢复原来状态 (to): to bring someone back to life使某人复活5. 呕吐出，吐出(食物等)，把(吃下的东西)吐出来： The invalid brought back all he had eaten.病人把吃下的东西都吐出来了。bring down1. 拿下；带下；搬下，运下；扶到下面： Hell need help to bring the computer down.2. 打落，击落；撂倒；使落下，使跌下，使倒下(尤指射落) (on): The pilot brought the plane down gently.驾驶员使飞机徐徐降落。3. 打伤；打死；打倒： The hunter aimed, fired, and brought down the deer.4. 击败，使失败，使倒台： This scandal may well bring the president down at the next election.这件丑闻也许会使总统在下次选举中失败。5. (使)减少，降低(温度、物价等)；使(某人)降低价格： The dealers finally brought the price down to a reasonable figure.6. 使变得卑微，迫使(某人)降低到(某一状况或水平) (to): Mary will bring Helen down to her own level.玛丽会把海伦降低到她自己的那种地位。7. (使怒气、处罚等)落于(on)8. 口语使沮丧，使垂头丧气，使愁苦，使消沉，使泄气，使情绪低落： The bad news of my wifes accident really brought me down.9. 口语使(自夸、傲气等)受挫： Helen brought Simon down very cleverly with her remarks.10. 招致： His treacherous actions brought down ruin on himself.他的背叛行径使他身败名裂。bring forth.1. 生(孩子)；开(花)；结(果)；产生： She brought forth two sons only.2. 宣布，公布，提出，显示： to bring forth a proposal for reducing coststo bring it forth to someones consideration提出此事供某人考虑3. 引起： The good news brought forth a cheer.bring into1. 带进；拿进；领进： Will you bring that book into my office?to be brought into court被送交法庭裁决2. (和各种名词连用)使进入某种状态；使卷入，加进来： to bring into being a peace which will be lasting建立持久和平bring off1. 使成功，成功地做(某事)，做成，使(企业)获得成功；完成，获得；使实现： He brought off his speech with ease.2. (尤指从出事的船只)救出： The lifeboat brought off the crew and passengers of the stricken ship.3. 孵出4. 俚语使经历性亢进5. 运走；带走： to bring the vase off把花瓶拿走6. 使改变主意；劝止： to be brought off from the opinion7. 使逃走；释放： to bring oneself off走开bring out1. 带出来，取出，拿出，端出；搬出： to bring out a gun2. 使清楚，使变得明显，显示出来；使显出；使出现；使(意义等)明白地表示出来，阐明；发挥： to bring out the meaning of a passage阐明一段文字的意义3. 说出： He was so shocked that he could hardly bring out a word.他震惊得连一句话也说不出来。4. 上演，推出(剧目、作品等)；出版(书籍、杂志等)；公布，发表；生产；出售： They are bringing out a new edition of the dictionary.5. 带(女子)初次参加社交活动，正式介绍(女子)初进社交界： to bring out a debutante正式介绍初进社交界的女子初入社交界6. 主英国英语使罢工，发动罢工： The union will bring the workers out for more pay.7. 使克服腼腆的窘态，使去掉(或不再)羞怯(或沉默)： Mary was very shy before she met Jack; he brought her out a lot.玛丽在见到杰克之前很害臊，他使她变得不那么羞羞答答了。8. 使(花)开放： The warm weather has brought out the roses nicely in the park.暖和的天气使公园里的玫瑰花盛开。9. 激起，唤起，引起(某种品质)；使发挥出来： The accident brought out the best in her.这次事故使她最优良的品质得以发挥。10. 拣出11. 暴露，查出： to bring out facts from darkness into light使真相大白12. 使出皮疹(in)13. 把(家属)搬出(到新居)；使迁居国外： Ill bring the family out next week.bring to1. 使(昏厥的人)恢复知觉，使复苏，使苏醒亦作bring round： When Jack nearly drowned, they brought him to by artificial respiration.2. 【航海学】使(船)停驶；(船)停驶： The ship was brought to by the firing of a gun across her bows.3. 使(花费等)达到，使共计(某数)： The suit brought the bill to over $200.4. 以(某种态度等)看待(或处理)某事： To his new job he brought knowledge gained at first hand.他将第一手的知识用于他的新工作。bring together1. 使(冲突双方)和解(或复交)；使言归于好： Im sure that Jack and Mary can be brought together.2. 使团结，使联合，使会聚： Fate brought us together.3. 介绍(男女)相见： We brought the boy and girl friends together for conversation.4. 把拼在一起： to bring the broken edges of the plate together exactly把碎盘边照原样拼拢bring up to1. 使到跟前；驶近；移近： He brought the car up to the door.他们把汽车开到门口。2. 使(总数等)达到： That sum has brought the total up to400 exactly.bring with随身携带： lack lklack n.1. 缺乏，短缺，不够2. 没有3. 缺少的东西；需要的东西vt.1. 缺乏，没有： The committee lacked a correct estimate of his ability.委员会对他的能力缺乏正确的评价。2. 不足，不够，缺少： We must note that some of the imported films lack artistic quality.我们要注意有些进口影片艺术性不够强。3. 废语需要；需求vi.1. 缺乏，缺少，欠缺： The child seems to be lacking in intelligence.这孩子似乎缺乏智力。2. 不及，不足；短少；达不到： Capital is lacking to carry on the project.资金不足，无法将这项工程进行下去。lack for缺少；需要多用于否定句： She leads a happy and comfortable life, never lacking for money or friends.她过着幸福而舒适的生活，从未缺过钱或朋友。lack in主要用于be lacking in形式：缺乏(某种特性、特点或品质)；欠缺： I find it quite boring to chat with those who are lacking in humour.我觉得跟缺乏幽默的人聊天很乏味。standstand for1. 表示，意味；代表，象征： The olive branch stands for peace.橄榄枝象征着和平。2. 支持，赞成；主张： We stand for fair play.我们主张公平竞赛。3. 起立向表示尊敬： We all stood for his coming.我们对他的到来，起立表示敬意。4. 英国英语参加的竞选，做的候选人： to stand for Parliament参加议员的竞选，竞选议员5. 口语容忍；忍受 常用于否定句： I cannot stand for talking in my class.在我的课上，我不允许有人上课说话。6. 【航海学】向航行，向方向行驶stand in1. 站立于： to stand in snow over the knees站在没膝深的雪地中2. 坐落于，位于： The sculpture stands in the centre塑像坐落于花坛的中央。3. 闲置于；停留在里： His car stood in the garage for a long time,他的汽车停放在车库里有很长时间了4. (使)花费： Her dress stood me in 380.5. 参加，加入： Id like to stand in if you introduce me.6. 替代；口语做的替身，临时替代(通常与for连用)： He used to stand in for the star.他过去一直在给明星做替身。My manager was very busy,so I stood in for him to talk with them.经理太忙，由我代他和他们进行了商谈。7. 【航海学】向岸边行驶stand on坚持；依靠；位于；拘泥于；持续向同一方向航行stand treat请客，做东 Ill stand treat today.今天我请客。Good inspect stand can you treat myopia? 好视立能治近视吗？stand up for1. 坚决要求，争取： Only we ourselves could help us, no man stands up for our rights.只有我们能够拯救我们自己，没有人会为我们的权利去拼命争取的。2. 维护，支持，保卫： Start legal proceedings against him, and the law could stand up for your rights.去上法庭，法律会维护你的权利的。3. 美国俚语 = stand up withstand up to1. 勇敢面对；坚决抵抗： to stand up to death勇敢地面对死亡2. 比得上，敌得过： Somebody said that my short novels could stand up to Mark Twains.有人说我的短篇小说可以和马克吐温的媲美。3. 通过(检查、验收、考验等)： He has stood up to the test of his honesty.4. 经得起，受得了，耐得住： Could you stand up to pain?你能忍得住痛吗?Setset about1. 开始，着手(工作等)： to set about doing something开始动手做某事2. 试着(做某事)，试图： I set about reading the book at one go.我曾试图一口气把这本书看完。3. 散布(流言等)： to set about a rumour散布谣言4. 口语抨击；揍(某人)： to set about each other扭打，打成一团set apart1. 使显得突出；使显得与众不同： Her high height sets her apart from her sisters.高高的个子使她在其姊妹中分外引人注目。2. = set asideset down1. 放下，搁下： to set down ones bag放下包2. 写下，记下；登记： The police sest down my car number.警察记下了我的汽车号码3. 使(飞机)着陆；使降落： My plane was set down in a heavy fog.我乘坐的飞机在浓雾中着陆。4. 让(乘客)下车： to set down the passengers让乘客下车5. 把(货)从车上卸下： The train set down lots of waste.火车卸下了许多废物。6. 把看做，把认作(as)： He was set down as a fool.他被看成是个傻瓜。7. 把解释为，把归因于(to)： to set ones silence down to his diffidence把沉默归因于羞怯8. 制定；规定： The rules for service have been set down.有关修理业的规章已经出台。9. 确定；决定的日期： the plan to be set down业已确定的计划10. 使坐下11. (马赛中)暂停参赛12. 口语申斥，谴责： I was set down by my father.我爸骂了我一顿。set forth1. 亦作 set out动身，出发： He set forth with his car.他开车出去了。2. 陈列，展出： the drawings to be set forth供展出的绘画3. 陈述，说明，阐明： to set forth ones views陈述某人的观点4. 赞扬，表彰： He was confered a medal to set forth his military exploits.他被授予一枚勋章，以表彰他的卓越战功。set in1. (季节等)来临，开始： The rainy season has set in.雨季已经开始了。2. (潮汐等)上涨，涌入；(风)吹向岸来： The tide set in.潮水上涨了。3. 流行，盛行： A new tide of fashion sets in.一种新风尚盛行起来。4. 使(船)驶向岸边： to be set in towards the bank被冲向岸边5. 插入；嵌进；缝进： to set a diamond in镶嵌钻石set off1. 出发，动身： to set off in the direction of朝着的方向出发2. 使开始(做某事)： to set off on something开始干某事3. 引起；激起： to set off a chain reaction引起连锁反应4. 点燃：使爆炸；发射： to set a mine off引爆地雷5. 衬托；使显得美丽： to be set off by something被某物衬托得更加美丽6. 用(符号、线段等)隔开，分开： to be set off by a comma用逗号隔开7. 划分出，拨出(作为他用)： to set off some money for为拨出一部分钱8. 平衡；抵消： to set off gains against losses得失相当9. 【印刷】(油墨未干)染污(次set on1. 亦作 set upon袭击,攻击： He was set on by robbers.他曾遭土匪抢劫。2. 嗾使，鼓动(某人)攻击(他人)： to set the dog on someone叫狗咬某人3. 开始，着手： to set on ones job开始工作4. 常用被动语态决心；倾心于： Hes set on going to the college.他决心上大学深造。5. 古语前进6. 废语促进Settlesettle account结帐settle back舒适地仰坐： I settled back to watch TV.我舒适地仰坐着看电视settle down1. = settle back2. (船)沉没；沉淀： The ship was settling down into the water.3. (使)习惯，(使)适应： Did you settle down in the school?4. (使)定居，(使)过安定生活： to settle down in a small town5. (使)安静，(使)平静： to settle the children down让孩子们安静下来6. 安心，专心： You have to settle down to study now.你现在得安下心来学习7. 成家；安家： to get married and settle down结婚成家settle down to专心致志于： to settle down to ones work专心致志于工作(或学习) settle with1. = settle up2. 与和解(或取得谅解)；和成交： They have settled with each other.他们之间已经取得了谅解。3. 向算旧账，向报复： Ill settle with you, you have to pay for your insulting.我早晚要找你算这笔账的，你得为你的侮辱行为付出代价。settle up付(账)；还清(欠款)： Let me settle up, Ill meet you outside the supermarket.我来付账，然后我到超市外面找你。 settle to静下心来settle on选定；授与；停在 settle into习惯于. I begin to settle into his company of every second我开始习惯他陪着我的每一分钟settle in1. (使)迁入(新居)，(使)安顿： I havent settled in yet.我还没安顿下来。2. (使)适应，(使)习惯： Both of us have to settle in our new married life.3. (坏天气等)持续下去，无变化： It settled in to rain and lasted all morning.大雨下个不停，而且下了整整一个上午Shutshut down1. (使)停产，(使)停工；(使)关闭： a plant that shut down for half a year停产半年的工厂2. 放下(盖子等)；关好(门窗等)： to shut the box down盖好箱子盖3. 降临；弥漫，笼罩： The mists shut down.迷雾笼罩着大地。shut in1. 把关在里面： to shut somebody in the room把某人关在房内2. 禁闭；围住： to be shut in by the waters on all sides四面环水3. 迫近，降临： The night has shut in.夜幕降临了。4. (关闭油井)停止生产(原油或天然气等)。shutting down关闭；停工thinkthink back 回想think better of1. 对(某人)有较高的评价，对更为钦佩2. (对某事物)改变看法，改变意见；重新考虑后再改变主意，改变意图think for料想；想像；预期： Im sure she will miss her son more than she thinks for.我相信她思念儿子的程度要比她想像的强烈得多。think highly of非常看重(或尊重)，对评价很高，think ofas把看作是；以为是；认为是；把看做是think out1. 细心(或仔细)考虑，思考，通过思考把理出个头绪： Let us think things out.让我们把事情都想清楚。2. (通过思维)设计出，发现，解决；仔细想出(答案、办法等)： Have you thought out the reply?你想出答案了吗?think over1. 思考，仔细想，(仔细)考虑： The committee have thought carefully over this plan.委员会已经仔细考虑了这个计划。2. 重新考虑： He has thought the suggestion over他重新考虑了这个建议think through想明白；细心(或仔细)考虑清楚；思考直到得出结论(或解决办法)： Think things through before you act.仔细想清楚再行动。think twice1. 重新考虑，仔细考虑，(在做某事前)三思2. 犹豫，踌躇think up1. 口语想出；设计出；发明： to think up a creative innovation想出一个有创意的革新2. 编造，捏造： to think up an excuse编造一个借口Carrycarry about（around）Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.记忆就是我们可以随身携带，四处行走的日记。carry along1. 随身携带： 2. 使深受感动，吸引住；说服： He carried his audience along with his eloquence.他雄辩的口才吸引住听众。3. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持： The young swimmer carried along by the cheers of her classmates.carry down1. 取下；搬下；流下： My hat is upstairs, could you carry it down for me?2. 把传给后代，把传下来： This custom has been carried down from the 17th century.Carry in 携带。输入。记下carry off1. 拿走；搬走；带走；抢走，夺走；冲走： carry their children off.把他们的孩子拐走。2. (疾病等)夺去的生命，使死亡： Cancer of the liver carried him off last year.3. 获(奖等)；赢得(奖章等)： Tom carried off three silver medals in World University Games.。4. 成功地处理，轻而易举地应付过去： he carried it off beyond all expectations.他完全出人意料地演得非常成功。carry on with1. 把继续进行下去，继续干： Theyll carry on with their plan.他们将继续执行他们的计划。2. 与私通： The manager has been carrying on with his secretary.经理与他的秘书一直有不正当的关系。carry out1. 实行，执行，贯彻，进行(到底)；开展： You must carry out my orders.你必须执行我的命令。2. 完成；实现： Her proposals have now been carried out.她的建议现已实现。3. 拿出；搬出： She fainted in the classroom and was carried out.她在教室中昏过去了，并被抬了出来。carry through1. 贯彻；完成，实现： All these measures must be carried through without delay.所有这些措施必须及时完成，不得延误。2. 维持，使渡过难关： Only his courage carried him through his illness.他完全是靠勇气渡过了疾病这一关。3. 坚持下去，进行到底；继续存在： He seldom carries through with any of them.他对规划很少坚持到底。Carry to会计入账carry trade套利交易；利差交易carry with进行Staystay away (from)1. 不在，外出；走开： Your son has stayed away from me for a week.你儿子离开我已有一个星期了。2. 不接近，不打扰；避开： You shouldnt stay away from us.你不应该避开我stay behind依旧落在()后面 (别人离开后)留下来不走，留在后面： She deliberately stayed behind after work to go with me.留在后面，保持与的距离： Its safe to stay well behind the car in front to avoid runing into it.离前面的车保持一段距离是安全的，以防追尾事故。stay out of1. 留在之外，不到地方去： Tell the children to stay out of the square2. 不参与，不插手；置身于之外： I hope youll stay out of the affair while Im away.3. 留在他人找不到(或影响不到)的地方： Father hoped Id stay out of trouble in the countryside.stay up1. 熬夜，不睡觉： We stayed up late to see the film on television.2. 停留(或保持)在上面；不掉下，不沉没： Im surprised that some of these ancient buildings stay up so long as they do.我很惊讶，这些古老的建筑竟然还能矗立在那里。3. 保持留在原位： The playbill has stayed up for a week, but no man notices it.Seekseek a place寻求职位，寻找工作seek a vote（advice）拉选票，请教seek after1. 求，寻求；探索： to seek after the truth追求真理参见 be sought after2. 追逐；谋求： to seek after the powers谋求权势seek excessive profits牟取暴利seek redress要求赔偿；寻求解决办法seek refuge寻求庇护；避难seek to 力图，追求，争取seek out1. 找出，挑出；搜寻出： I will seek them out.我一定要把他们找出来。2. 寻求(帮助seek through找遍，搜寻遍(某地)： The case was sought through.箱子被彻底搜查了一遍。call 1. call at a place (1) (车船等)停靠。如：The train calls at every station. 这火车每个站都停。(2) 到某地拜访。如：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。2. call away (1) 叫走，叫开。如：He was called away by a friend. 他被朋友叫走了。(2) 转移(注意力等)。如：He is studying an important problem, and nothing can callaway his attention. 他正在研究一个重要问题，什么也不能使他分心。3. call back(1) 唤回，叫回。如：(1) He was about to leave when his wife called him back. 他正要离去，他妻子把他叫了回来。(2) 回电话，再打电话。如：Ill call (you) back. 我将给你回电话。Hes not in. Please call back later. 他不在家，请过一会儿再打来。)4. call for sth (sb)(1) 喊着叫某人来，喊着叫人取来某物。如：He called for the waiter. 他叫服务员。The boy called for his clothes. 小男孩喊着给他拿衣服来。He called for a glass of beer. 他叫了一杯啤酒。(2) 来或去取某物，来或去接某人。如：We called for the packages at the post office. 我们到邮局领取包裹。Ill call for you (at your house) at nine. 我九点(到你家)来接你。(3) 需要，要求。如：This problem calls for careful thought. 这问题需要好好想一想。The work calls for time and patience. 这工作需要时间和耐心。注：有时可接不定式的复合结构。5. call in (1) 叫进，请进。如：He only waited two minutes before he