高中英语定语从句讲解详版(复习版).ppt

修饰名词和代词的成分 定语 abeautifulflower atallboy 定语从句 修饰名词和代词的从句 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen 定语从句 thebestfilm 先行词 that 关系词 1 定语从句 2 先行词 3 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系词通常有下列三个作用 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关系代词有that which who whom whose等 关系副词有when where why等 A 引导定语从句 B 代替先行词 C 在定语从句中担当一个成分 ThisisthefilmwhichIsawyesterday ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm ThisisthefilmwhichIsawlastnight ThisisthefilmwhosenameisTitanic ThemanandthewomanwhomyouseeinthepictureareJackandLucy Herearetwopicturesthataretakenfromthefilm JackandLucyaretheheroandtheheroinewholovedeachotherverymuchinthefilm theAttributiveClause who指hero和heroine 作主语 whom指man和woman 作宾语 whose指电影的 作定语 that指图片 作主语 which指电影 作宾语 Relativepron 引导定语从句 并在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语 主 who that宾 whom who that定 whose B 指物 主 which that宾 which that定 whose A 指人 关系代词 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher 和我谈话的那个人 是我的老师 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Theman whom who InoddedtoisMr Li 我对他点头的那个男人是李先生 3 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinJapan 这些是去年种植的树 这个他正在使用的录音机是日本产的 4 that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Aplaneisamachine Itcanfly Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly Heistheman Itoldyouabouthim Heistheman that who whom Itoldyouabout 5 whose在定从中作定语 表所属关系 翻译为 他的 她的 它的 用来代替his her their its whose指人也指物 指物时 ofwhich指人时 ofwhom Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinIraq DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq 如何选择关系代词 who whom whose which that口诀 前看先行词 辩清人或物后看从句里 有无主宾语 用适当的关系代词填空 Thisisthehouse wasbuiltlastyearTheboy wesawyesterdaywasJohn sbrother Thecar myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake 4 Thatistheman wewerelookingfor which that whom that who which that whom that 选择关系代词时要注意的地方 5 3 P101只用that不用which的8种规则 Weshoulddoeverything isgoodforourstudies Youcantakeanyseat isfree Thisistheonlything wecando Theisthefirstplace Iwanttovisit Thisisthemostinterestingbook Ihaveeverread Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons wewereinterestedin 7 Thereislittle Icandotomakeupforthelosttime 8 Ourschoolisnolongertheplace itusedtobe that that that that that that that that Thisisthetrainby wewenttoBeijing Football isaveryinterestinggame isplayedallovertheworld which which 只用which不用that的情况指物 1 介词后 2 用于非限制定语从句中 1 who指 作 成分 2 whom指 作 成分 3 which指 作 成分 4 that指 作 成分 5 whose作 成分 表 关系 翻译为 用来代替 whose指人也指物 指物时 指人时 人 主 宾 人 宾 主 宾 主 宾 物 人 物 定语 所属 他的 她的 它的 his her their its ofwhich ofwhom GrammarPreposition whichPreposition whom 提醒 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 介词 关系代词 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 1949wastheyearinwhichtheP R C wasfounded 1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系That sthenewspaperforwhichIwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI mnotsure 注意 介词 关系代词中关系代词只能用which或whom 不可用that或who代替 但遇固定词组时 介词一般不作前置 Isthisthebook which that youarelookingfor Fillintheblankswith prep which whom 1 Areyouinterestedinanysongs you velistened 2 Tomorrowisaparticularday hisdaughterwillgetmarried 3 Thisistheknife Iusuallycutbread 4 Wecan tlivewithoutthesun wegetheatandlight 5 Thesubject Ericisinterestedisphysics towhich onwhich withwhich fromwhich inwhich 6 Doyouknowthegirl ourheadteacherisshakinghands 7 Ican tfindmydictionary Ipaidover 100 8 Thisisthegoodcar Ispentallmymoney 9 Sheistheteacher allhisstudentsshowrespect 10 Theteacher youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute withwhom forwhich onwhich to forwhom forwhom RelativeadverbsWhen where why Theusageoftherelativeadverb when where why time place reason 状语 状语 状语 I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy onwhich ontheday 先行词是时间时 并非都用when引导从句来修饰 试比较 Doyoustillrememberthedays therewasnoelectricity Doyoustillrememberthedays wespenttogether when which that 从句中缺少时间状语 从句中缺少宾语 vt when or which 1 Istillrememberthedays westayedtogetherinBeijing 2 Istillrememberthedays wespenttogetherinBeijing 3 Istillrememberthedays weenjoyedourselvesinBeijing 4 Istillrememberthedays weenjoyedinBeijing when which when which ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago inwhich inthehouse 先行词是地点时 并非都用where引导从句来修饰 试比较 Theplace Lucyonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum Theplace IvisitedlastweekisinShangHai where which that 从句中缺少地点状语 从句中缺少宾语 vt where or which 1 Thatbluehouseistheplace Ilivedyesterday 2 Thatbluehouseistheplace Ivisitedyesterday 3 Thatbluehouseistheplace Ipaidavisityesterday 4 Thatbluehouseistheplace Ipaidavisittoyesterday where which where which Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate forwhich forthereason 先行词是thereason时并非都用whyThat sthereason hewaslate That sthereason hegaveme why which that 从句中缺少原因状语 从句中缺少宾语 vt why or which 1 Doyouknowthereason hetoldmethenewslastweek 2 Doyouknowthereason hetoldmelastweek 3 Doyouknowthereason hewaslatethismorning 4 Doyouknowthereason hewaslateforthismorning why which why which where Theroom heoncelivedisstillthere 2 Theroom Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother ComparisonRelativepronsorrelativeadvs that which why Iwillneverforgettheday Imetyou 2 Iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether when that which Thereason Idon tknowisknowntohim 2 Thereason Idon tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime that which 1 Herbag sheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen XiaoWang Iwenttotheconcert enjoyitverymuch Myglasses Ican tseeclearly arenowheretobeseen Thespeed wildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased inwhich withwhom withoutwhich atwhich Fillintheblankswith prep which whom Thebook hepaid10yuaniswrittenbyJ K Rowling Heistheman Ithinkyoucandepend Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks Iamnotveryfamiliar forwhich onwhom withwhich 需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句 Inordertogetstartedinthiscareer I mwillingtoacceptanyposition 职位 Icanshowmyabilities 定语从句 状语从句 where case 情况 situation 情形 point 程度 occasion 时机 stage 阶段 1 Ioftencomeacrosssomecases childrenareabusedbyadoptedparents 2 Ioftencomeacrosssomecases arelookedintobythepolice Thefamilies membersgetalongwellarealwaysharmonious 2 Thefamilies consistofmanymembersarebigfamilies where which that which that where Wehavegottothepoint wehavenothingtosaytoeachother 2 Ican tunderstandthepoint theteacherisexplaining Bungeejumpingisakindofactivity couragemattersmorethanstrength Bungeejumpingisakindofactivity attractsmanyyoungpeople where where that which that which 高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句as 3 as与which的区别 as一般代替整个句子 作主语或宾语从句则可以放句首 句中或句尾 表示 正如 或像 一样 只放在肯定句中 assbknow see expect supposeasisknown seen expected supposedasismentionedasisoftenthecase thesame such so as as ThisisthesamebookasIlost ThisisthesamebookthatIlost thesame as thesame that 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit as that as作主语或宾语 定语从句 that不作任何成分 结果状语从句 such so as such so that 众所周知 地球是圆的 isknowntoall theearthisround weallknow theearthisround theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoallthattheearthisround isknowntoallisthattheearth As As as which It what which的先行词可以是名词 也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子 表示 这一点 这件事 which从句不能放句首 1 isknowntoall theearthmovesaroundthesun 2Tomhasmadegreatprogress madeushappy 对比练习 As which Hecamehereverylate wasunexpected notexpected Hecamehereverylate weexpected which as As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义 与主句是顺理成章的关系 绝不能与之矛盾 若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义 则只用which Heissuchagoodteacher everystudentrespectshim Heissuchagoodteacher everystudentrespects I vefoundthesamepen Ilostlastweek I vefoundthesamepen youboughtlastweek that as as that 1 a Isawsometrees andtheleavesof wereblackwithdisease b Isawsometrees theleavesof wereblackwithdisease 2 Theprofessorisalittleman onthenoseof thereisapairofglassesb Theprofessorisalittleman andonthenoseof thereisapairofglasses them whom which him 易混句型 1 定语从句与并列句 解题点拨 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键 Hehas3sons noneof liveshere Hehas3sons butnoneof liveshere them whom Ilikethehouse becausethedoorof isbeautiful Ilikethehouse thedoorof isbeautiful it which Ihavemanybooks andmostof areinEnglish Ihavemanybooks mostof areinEnglish them which 定语从句的 隔离 现象 1 Thewrongyou vedonetohimisterrible for Ithinkyoushouldmakeanapologytohim A thisB whichC whatD that2 Thetimeisnotfaraway moderncommunicationswillbecomew