大学英语四级选词填空应对技巧.doc

高频词汇1. competition n. 竞争，比赛 2. exception n. 例外，除外3. issue n. 问题 / v. 发行，发布 4. phenomenon n. 现象，事件5. recession n. 经济衰退，不景气 6. resource n. 资源，物力7. result n. 结果 / v. 产生 8. survey n. / v. 调查9. variety n. 多样，种类 10. worth n. 财富，价值 / adj. 值得的11. adapt v. 适应 12. analyze v. 分析13. cause n. 原因，理由 / v. 成为的原因，导致 14. determine v. 决定，确定15. invest v. 投资，花费 16. involve v. 包含，牵涉17. maintain v. 保持，保养 18. range v. 把分类，范围从（与from连用）19. reduce v. 减少，缩小 20. specialize v. 专门从事，专攻（与in连用）21. available adj. 可获得的，有空的 22. average adj. 平常的，平均的 / n. 平均水平23. domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的 24. excessive adj. 过度的，极度的25. particular adj. 特别的，详细的 26. suitable adj. 合适的，适当的27. total adj. 总计的（金额等） / n. 总计，总数 28. especially adv. 尤29. really adv. 真，真正 30. increasingly adv. 越来越多地1. similar：相似的；particular：特别的 2. equal：平等的；inequality：不平等3. appropriate：恰当的 4. competitive：竞争的5. in comparison with：与相比 6. by means of：用方法7. be accustomed to：习惯于 8. in short ：简言之9. out of：处于；run out of：用完；go out of：离开 10. associate with：与相关联历年四级真题选词填空词汇大全【1】result 结果；发生；由而造成determining 下决心；做出决定involves 包含；涉及；专心于limited 有限的，受限的significant 重要的，有意义的gravely 严肃地，庄重地range 范围；排列complained 抱怨；述说relieved 放心的，解除respect 尊重issue 问题，发行prompting 暗示，推动，驱使seriously 认真地，严肃地specialize 专门从事magnificent 壮丽的，伟大的【2】victims 牺牲者，受害者forward 前进的，向前的technology 科技especially 尤其的，主要的role 作用，地位entire 全部的respectively 各自的，各地的cooperative 合作的projects 工程，项目comprehensive 广泛的，综合的offers 提议，提供assuming 如果information 信息acting 代理的images 影响，映像【3】accomplish 完成，达到advanced 先进的，高等的balloon 气球claim 声称；断言constantly 不断地，时常的declare 宣布；声明interview 接见；面试；采访limited 限制，受限的manufacture 制造，生产moments 瞬间，片刻news 新闻reduced 减少的；使变弱regret 后悔，遗憾scary 使人惊慌的totally 完全，整个地【4】abundant 大量的，充足的characters 性格，品质communicating 传达，表明；通讯completely 完全地，完整地derive 得到，源于diversity 多样化；差异escape 逃跑，逃脱establishing 建立；确定narrow 狭隘的；限制naturally 自然地，合理地personnel 全体员工；人员properly 适当的respect 尊重widen 放宽，加宽【5】closer 靠近的painful 痛苦的daily 每日performance 履行emotional 表现强烈情感的profession 职业enhance 提高remarkably 引人注目地enormous 巨大的require 要求；需要especially 尤其地；主要地sensitive 敏感的hinder 阻碍urge 催促；推进mission 代表团；使命【6】already 早已，已经analyzed 分析aspects 方面characters 性格，特征contributing 贡献的，起作用的describing 描写；叙述established 建立quality 质量quoted 引述 引用recording 记录recruited 新兵，新成员，招聘total总计unconscious 失去知觉的【7】accommodations 住处clumsy 笨拙的；复杂难懂的doubtful 难以预测的exceptions 例外expand 扩张historic 在历史上重要的、有影响的incredible 不可思议；惊人的powering 动力protect 保护reduced 减少的replace 替换；代替sense 感觉shifted 改变；转移supplying 供给vast 广阔的；浩瀚的【8】abilities 能力，资格extent 程度；长度achieve 取得；获得indicates 表明；象征appeal 上诉，呼吁proceeds 收入，收益；行进complaints 抱怨，委屈psychological 心理上的；精神上的contribution 贡献，捐赠raised 引起；提高；唤起displayed 陈列；显示smart 聪明essentially 本质上的standard 标准eventually 终于【9】alert 警觉，警报formally 正式的associated 合作，合伙function 功能；职务attracting 吸引mixed 混合的cling 附着于negative 消极的continuing 继续的，连续的sufficient 足够的definitely 明确的；确切的tend 倾向different 不同；不平常younger 年纪较小的【10】stable 稳定的，沉稳的significant 重要的，有意义的solution 解决；答案role 角色progress 进步，发展marvelous 引起惊异的；不可思议的included 包括growth 生长exactly 精确地；完全地consist 由组成comprise 包含；由组成competitions 竞争combined 结合的；联合challenge 挑战；盘问certainly 无疑的，确切地【11】survive 幸存的formally 正式的surrounding 环境，周围的financially 财政上，金融上serves 服务，招待domestic 家庭的，佣人reviewed 复习competition 竞争reported 据报告recession 经济衰减communities 社区；社会团体circling 环骑household 家庭；家庭的accumulate 积累gather 收集【12】appealing 吸引人的occupation 职业，工作average 平常的；平均的occurring 事件conflict 冲突positions 位置currently 当前的primary 首要的elementary 基本的，元素recession 经济衰减ensure 确保regularly 有规律的female 女性的unusual 不平常的fill 使充满的【13】adapt 适应于prefer 更喜欢；提升available 可用的recommending 推荐；劝告；begin 开始species 物种concern 涉及；关心specify 指定；明确提出criteria （批评，判断）标准，准则stop 停止；塞往items 项目taking 拿nationwide 全国范围variety 种类的possible 可能【14】conclusive 决定性的contributes 贡献出，捐赠derive 得出，导出expresses 表达；乘快车fixed 固定的immensely 极大地increase 增加maintain 保持；保养mission 代表团participate 参加某事particular 特别的；详细的provides 提供；规定regions 地区，地域surprisingly 惊人的switched 开关【15】accident 意外事件excess 事故annually 每年impact 影响avoided 避开；避免instances 例子；情况caused 原因，引起modest 谦虚的considerable 相当大的revised 经过修订的develop 开发的slightly 轻微地documented 备有证明文件的undertake 承担的dramatically 戏剧性地【16】allowing 允许maintain 保持avoidable 可避免的maximum 最大值的briefly 短暂地，简要的prevent 预防的component 成分；零件；组成的principle 原则；原理determined 坚定的；决定provoke 激起，挑起helping 帮助seriously 认真严肃increasingly 越来越多地topic 主题；话题lowest 最低的【17】average 平均的；平常的including 包括；包含basis 基础monitor 显示屏；班长common 普通的reason 理由；原因consequently 所以；因此results 结果；发生detection 侦查shared 共享的developing 发展中的symbols 象征distributed 分布式的；分配symptoms 症状dramatically 戏剧性的确定空白处词性以下情况，空白处为动词：1 n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动2 n./pron. vi.前名后无名，谓动不及物3 n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动5 to v.前有to，后原型注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式以下情况，空白处为分词：过去分词：1has/have/had p.p(完成时态)2be p.p(被动语态)3p.p n.或 n. p.p(过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生)现在分词：1be -ing(进行时态)2-ing n.或n.-ing(现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行)3prep. ing(介词宾语)以下情况，空白处为名词：(名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语)1a/the n. 前有冠词2n. V. 空白后为谓语动词3prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词(注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数)以下情况，空白处为形容词：1adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词2adv. adj. 空白前是副词3link v./be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语以下情况，空白处为副词：1adv. v.或 v. adv.副词修饰动词，表示程度状态2adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词3adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继而缩小选择范围，节省大量时间。Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with _ , peaceful ones.(根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peaceful有一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative)介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语.注意 to (介词&动词不定式)to的短语接动名词 :abandon oneself to(沉溺于),adhere to(坚持),stick to(坚持，信守),cling to(坚持，忠于),admit to(承认),confess to(承认),contribute to(做贡献),feel up to(感觉能胜任),get down to(开始着手做),give ones mind to(专心),give way to(让步),yield to(屈服),lead to(导致),look forward to(渴望),object to(反对),take to(开始从事，喜欢),turn to(求助),succumb to(屈服),see to(照顾，料理),get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to(受支配的，常遭受),submit to(顺从，屈服)利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头，缩小选择范围Sample: Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products.(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词(若词库中出现一对近义或反义词，其中一个必定是干扰项.反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义，就不难排除.近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。)Sample：A) gravelyB) respectC) limitedD) specializeE) seriouslyF) promotingG) involvesH) relievedI) significantJ) magnificentK) rangeL) issuesM) resultN) determiningO) complicatedToday, we take pain_.(此处应用副词做状语，考查近义词辨析.Take sth. seriously为固定搭配)注意一词多性：词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词，有些分词也可以充当形容词，确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性，不能遗漏。(respect, result, range)EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5(degrees centigrade).The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.其选项如下：A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike解题方法一、辨析词性把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。纵观样题和真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面几点。1.遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数;但应注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词;遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。2.不认识的单词，看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。3.词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。以真题为例辨词性A) estimate; B) strength;C) deliberately; D) notify;E) tropical; F) phenomenon;G) stable; H) attraction;I) completely; J) destructive;K) starvation; L) bringing;M) exhaustion; N) worth;O) Strike名词：B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)谓语动词：A,D,O(A的-ate极可能是动词，D的-fy为动词后缀)非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾)形容词：E, G, J(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀)副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的或无法确定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。综合解题将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。(一)确定词性，确定选项的选择范围1)关于动词的判断前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 。根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)55. O strikeScientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词;且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。)54. A estimate一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.(前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。)50. L bringing2)其它词的判断形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the, this, that, a, my之类)后必有名词This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.47. F phenomenonThe hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.49. E tropicalEl Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。)52. J destructive副词修饰形容词或动词, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修饰形容词sure, 当为副词)56. I completely谓语动词前有名词主语This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。)47. F phenomenon介词后面必有名词As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.(在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。)48. B strength(二)句里句外，猜测词义一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么最好的当然是现象。47. F phenomenon二看逻辑：1.句内(状语从句，解释，并列等)As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就上升，当然是风的速度或风力。48. B strengthSo while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.51. K starvation2.前文(指代等、句间连词)This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。47. F phenomenon表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also转折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence3.后文El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52. J destructive (dead , damage)三看习惯用法：固定搭配Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.53. N worth 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds worth of damage.Americas most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship.It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York.Americans were initially 14 for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public.The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17 standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft.After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration.A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States.A. completelyB. measuresC. popularD. togetherE. honorF. manufactureG. scheduleH. rewardI. celebratedJ. principlesK. embarrassedL. technicalM. voluntaryN conditions0. discouraged答案：11. E 12. I 13. F 14. K 15. G 16. D 17. L 18. JThe Louisiana PurchaseOn April 30, 1803, the area of the United States approximately doubled. Until that time, United States territory had extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the banks of the Mississippi and from the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River to the thirty-first parallel. The national land now was expanded westward to include practically all of the area between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains and between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border. On that day, for fifteen million dollars, the United States purchased from France 875,000 square miles of territory. After Robert R. Livingston, an American who represented President Jefferson in France, signed his name to the treaty, he rose, shook hands with James Monroe and Marbois, the Frenchman representing Napoleon and remarked, We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our lives. As we glance backward