对爱伦坡研究的一些素材,有英语和中文的.docx

死亡主题在爱伦坡的不同作品中有不同的表现，有一些作品表现的是死亡的浪漫和快乐，比如海伦，献给安妮，而有一些是通过死亡主题来表达对生命的渴望，对高贵的灵魂的追求，比如在out of breath中，还有一些作品给人一种神秘，惊悚的感觉，比如乌鸦、以及本文所要研究的黑猫。作者通过对气氛和人物的心理进行描写，采用哥特式的风格，让人深深地感受到恐怖。本文研究黑猫中神秘、惊悚的死亡主题，探索作者是通过哪些环境，细节以及人物的描线来体现死亡主题的。The theme of death in Poes works are different, there are some works is death of romance and fun, such as To Helen, “For Annie” and some is through death theme to express the desire for life, the pursuit of noble soul, such as in Out of Breath and some of the works to a mystery, thriller feeling, such as “the Raven”, and this paper to study the Black Cat. The author describes the atmosphere and peoples psychology, the use of Gothic writing style. It makes people deeply feel the terror. In this paper, we study mystery, thriller death theme of the Black Cat. Furthermore, I want to explore which environment, details and the description of the characters to reflect the theme of death.故事简介The story tells a man, who was known as a kind and good person, killed his cherishing black cat and wife with crucial methods. One day, he was drunk and gouged the black cats eye with knife because of his bad temper. Then,once he went into his cat,the cat was scary and ran away. Finally the cat was hanged by him. That night,a fire burnt the mans house in ruins. Strange thing was that the black cat was printed with relief as the wall still stood. He was scared and felt ashamed and guilty. Soon after,he brings another cat,which looks like the cat that died,the same color and the same eyes,especially the lost eye is same. When the man found it had been deprived of one eye. He was angry and took the axe to murder the cat in the cellar. Nevertheless he killed his wife by a mistake. When he hidden the body into the wall,the cat was missing. Eventually,the police came to the door and they found his wife. And the missing cat stood on the body.这三个情节不仅推动了情节的发展，而且也是文中的“我”性格转变的表现。“我”从善良一步一步走向了邪恶的深渊，“我”性格一点一点的扭曲，最后彻彻底底变成了恶魔。人性的黑暗一点点的被揭露了出来。The three plots not only promoted the development of the plot, but also the transformation of the man in the characters performance.The man is from a good toward the abyss of evil step by step, and he loses his humanity bit by bit, finally completely turned into a demon. The evil of human nature has already exposured to readers.第一个情节是我剜掉了与我形影不离的黑猫的眼睛，而且吊死了它。这个情节是作为小说的开端出现的，作者将这个情节设为小说的开端有着深刻的意义。“我”从小热爱动物，性情温和却让自己的动物死在了自己的手里，而且用了极其残暴的方式。文中有描述到：“。”。可以看出，“我”的正常人格已经开始扭曲，善良在“我”的心里逐渐消失，黑暗邪恶在心中滋生，美好的人性慢慢的消失了。但是，这时的“我”还是有一丝人性的，文中说道：“”。在杀死普鲁托后，“我”的内心充满了愧疚感，经常会想到它，但这种深深的负罪感压得“我”无法喘息，让“我”变得更加烦躁，这无疑加速了主人公性格的变化。The first episode is that the man took out my cats eyes and hanged the cat who always follows me like a shadow. This plot is at the beginning of the novel, the author will have a profound significance to set this plot as the beginning. The man loves the animal since he was in the childhood and he is gentle. Even so,he killed his cat with the extremely brutal way. This story described: I took from my waistcoat-pocket a pen-knife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket!. We can see that the normal personality of the man has been distorted. His goodness gradually disappeared in the mans heart, and his heart gradually filled in darkness and evil in humanity. His humanity slowly disappeared. The man has a little humanity and intuitive knowledge because he fells guilt. The story described: because I knew that in so doing I was committing a sin -a deadly sin that would so jeopardize my immortal soul as to place it -if such a thing were possible -even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the Most Merciful and Most Terrible God. In the killing of Pluto, the man was filled with guilt, often think of it, but this guilt gives him a great pressure, then it lets him become more irritable, which undoubtedly accelerated the change of the protagonist.直到遇见第二只猫，这种负罪感更加明显。也就到了第二个情节，“我”遇见与普鲁托长相相似的猫并把它带回家。这只猫与普鲁托唯一的不同就是颈部有一圈白色的毛。而“我”却觉得它像勒死普鲁托的绳索，以至于“我”对这只猫越来越厌恶。因为这只猫会是“我”想起自己犯的罪行，而这个罪行恰恰是“我”深埋在心底不想揭开的。这激化了主人公往邪恶的路上更进一步。Until the man met second cats, the sense of guilt was more obvious.In the second plot, the man met with similar appearance to Pluto and brought it home. A circle of white hair is the cat and Pluto. The only difference is the neck. And the man felt like it strangled Pluto rope, that I of the cat more and more disgusted. Because the cat will make the man think of his crime,and the crime is precisely deeply buried in the bottom of his heart .He does not want to remember it. This makes the man to the evil way more further.第三个情节也是小说的高潮部分，“我”因为愤怒要用斧头砍死这只猫，却误杀了自己的妻子，然后把妻子的尸体砌入墙里。这个剧情证明了主人公已经完全失去人性，在误杀妻子后并不是忏悔，而是隐藏尸体。他的性格已经完全扭曲，沦为恶魔。作者在这里呈现出来的是人心的黑暗面，将人格扭曲完全展现给读者，让读者感受到一股寒意。The third plot is the climax of this novel.The man wanted to kill the second cat, but the manslaughter of his wife, then the wife body was built into the wall. This story proves that the protagonist has completely lost humanity, he did not repent in manslaughter, but hided the corpse. His character has been completely distorted. Finally,he became demons. Author presented here is the dark side of the heart.He will demonstrate to the reader the fully distortion of the personality and make the reader feel a chill.在这篇小说里黑猫是一个十分关键的意象。黑猫是小说的线索贯穿着全文。从全文来看，杀害黑猫Pluto是整个小说的开端。也是因为对Pluto的愧疚，使得这个男人的人格逐渐扭曲，做出了近乎疯狂的事情，最后走向灭亡。那么，这个黑猫Pluto象征着什么呢? 西方人也喜欢猫,并将猫养为宠物.但是黑猫却让西方人心生恐惧,尤其是英国人,他们将黑猫与女巫联系在上起.如果是在一个漆黑的星期五晚上碰上一只黑猫,便预示着此人会遭厄运.在英国古代的传说中,人们认为妖魔常变成黑色的动物,尤其是黑猫,还有人说黑猫就是巫婆变的.所以，在西方文化中，黑猫代表着邪恶和黑暗。作者借用黑猫这一个动物意象想要烘托出全文的黑暗的气氛。他使读者感受到了诡异的氛围。再看这只猫的名字“Pluto”.Pluto为西方神话中的冥王的名字，是死亡和邪恶的代表。因此，作者用“Pluto”这只黑猫让全文笼罩在恐怖的氛围之下。但是，Pluto 不仅仅象征着死亡，还象征着这个男人美好的人格。这个男人虐待黑猫，剜掉了它的眼睛。这只猫因为惧怕他而不敢靠近他。这也是美好的品格开始离他越来越远。他的性格开始走向极端。杀了这只黑猫就意味着他亲手埋葬了自己的人性。所以，可以看出Pluto这个意象有两种含义：一是烘托黑暗、压抑的氛围，将读者一步一步的引入情节中去；二是代表着这个男人的美好的品格。In this story the black cat is a very significant image. The black cat is a novel clue throughout the whole story. From the whole article, the killing of black cat named Pluto is the beginning of the novel. Because of guilt to Pluto, the mans personality became distorted and made some crazy things, finally perished. What is the symbol of the black cat Pluto?Westerners like cat, and they keep the cat for a pet. But black cats let western people fear, especially the British, they will be black and the witch contact in. If it is in a dark week Friday night hit a black cat, they presage a person will suffer misfortune. In the ancient British tradition, people think demons often become black animals, especially cats, others say black is witch changed. So, in western culture, black represents evil and darkness. The author uses a black cat which expresses darkness of the whole article. He makes the reader feel the strange atmosphere. Look at the cats name Pluto.Pluto for western mythology is death and representative of evil. Therefore, the author uses Pluto this black cat to let the whole story cover in the terror atmosphere. However, Pluto is not only a symbol of death, but also a symbol of the mans good personality. The man abused black cat took out its eyes. The cat is for fear of him and not close to him. This is also a good character to more and more far away from him. His personality began to go to extremes. Killing the black cat means he buried his human nature.So you can see the image of the Pluto has two kinds of meanings: one is foil dark and oppressive atmosphere, and makes the reader step by step into the plot; the second is on behalf of the man of good character.这个男人本文是以第一人称去写的，这样会给读者更好地代入感。这个男人是文章的主角.文章通过他的自述来描写一个惊悚的故事。文章中主要描写了他的动作和心理状态。通过对这些生动形象的描写，作者让读者体会到这个男人是如何从一个拥有美好性格的人变成一个心理扭曲的恶魔的。文中在描写到这个男人因为脾气暴躁而虐待Pluto时，对他的动作和心理进行了生动的描写。文中写道：“I took from my waistcoatpocket a penknife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity。”从这些描写就能体会到当时场面的血腥和残暴，也能表现出这个男人的性格开始出现了扭曲。当文中写到他藏完尸体之后的表现时，他竟然得意洋洋的朝周围看，为没有被人发现而感到庆幸。这就说明了这个男人的性格已经跌入了黑暗的深渊，变成了彻头彻尾的恶魔，他丧失了人性。这个男人就是邪恶和黑暗的载体。作者借以把人性的黑暗面暴露出来。This is the first person to write, this will give the readers a better sense of substitution. This man is the protagonist. Through his own description of a horror story. The article mainly describes his actions and mental state. Through these vivid descriptions, the author makes readers realize the man how to become a twisted demon from a good character. In this paper, in the description of the man because of bad temper and abuse of Pluto, for his actions and psychology of vivid description. In this paper, wrote: I took from my waistcoat - the pocket a pen - knife, opened it, grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its eyes from the socket! I blush, I burn, I shudder. While I pen the damnable atrocity. From these descriptions will be able to experience the scene at the time of the bloody and cruel, but also to show the mans character began to twist. When the write him finish hiding the bodies after the performance, he unexpectedly triumphant looked around to see, without being discovered and be thankful. This shows that the mans character has fallen into the abyss of darkness, into a downright evil, he lost the human nature. This man is the carrier of evil and darkness. The author exposes the dark side of human nature.当这个男人为他杀死Pluto感到愧疚时，第二只黑猫出现了。因为它长得和Pluto非常相似，这个男人把它带回家。这说明这个男人想要赎罪，只有这样他的愧疚才能得以减少。但是，这只猫身上的白毛就像绞刑架，他感到恐惧和不安。每一次看到这只猫，就会让他想到自己犯的罪行。而这只猫出现的也非常的诡异。它出现在黑夜而且和Pluto有惊人的相似，这会让人产生一种想法是不是Pluto的灵魂来复仇了。而小说的最后写道这只猫血盆大口，独眼里喷着火。这让人感到战栗。这只猫就像一只恶魔，戴着Pluto的面罩前来复仇。第二只猫就是来惩罚男人的。When the man was guilty of killing Pluto for him, the second black cat appeared. Because it looks very similar to the Pluto, the man took it home. This means that the man wants to make an atonement, so that his guilt can be reduced. However, the cats hair likes the gallows,. That makes the man fell fear and anxiety. Every time I see the cat, it makes him think of his crimes. And this cat is also very strange. It appears in the dark and has a striking resemblance to the Pluto, which makes it an idea that the soul of Pluto is not going to take revenge. The end of the story wrote the cat eye spray on a bloody mouth. The cat is like a demon, wearing a Pluto mask to come to revenge. Second cats are to punish the man.尽管妻子这个角色在小说中出现的不多，但是也隐含着意义。文章中描述到妻子与这个男人的性格、爱好都相近。这说明妻子具有美好的品格，与性格渐渐扭曲的男人形成鲜明的对比。因为爱护小猫，妻子阻挡了男人当他要杀小猫时。这就是美好的人性与邪恶在作斗争的过程。但是，男人杀了妻子。这表明男人已经丧失了理智。在文中妻子就像一面镜子，然男人看到了他的丑恶。妻子也是真善美的象征，鲜明的对比让读者更能感受到男人性格的扭曲。Although the role of his wife in the novel not much, but also implies the significance of meanings. The article describes the wife is similar with her husband in character and hobbies. This shows that his wife has a good character, and the character of the man gradually distorted in sharp contrast. Because of the love of the cat, his wife stopped the man when he wanted to kill the kitten. This is the good human nature and the evil in the process of the struggle. Nevertheless the man killed his wife. This shows that men have lost their reason. Wife is also a symbol of good and beautiful, bright contrast so that readers can feel the distortion of a mans character.哥特式最早出现在文艺复兴时期的艺术风格。这种艺术风格的标志性元素有恐怖、超自然、死亡、颓废、巫术、古堡、深渊、黑夜、诅咒、吸血鬼等。哥特式风格经常表现的主题是黑暗、恐惧、孤独、绝望。它描绘的是处于邪恶的边缘的挣扎，内心的痛苦和扭曲。这种风格的主要代表元素包括蝙蝠、玫瑰、孤堡、乌鸦、十字架、鲜血、黑猫等等。爱伦坡在其短篇小说批判地继承了哥特式小说的要素，在承袭的基础上，把一直以来人们利用氛围制造恐怖而内化为人心理的扭曲，让人从内而外的感到恐惧。瑰丽的场景，精确的逻辑，阴郁的气氛，缥缈的想象，摄人心魄的死亡气息，充满张力的惊悚构成了独一无二的爱伦坡的作品。爱伦坡的绝大多数小说迎合了哥特式小说在18世纪到19世纪上半叶鼎盛发展的潮流。Gothic first appeared in the Renaissance art style. This style of Art Symbol elements are horror, supernatural, death, decadent, witchcraft, castles, deep, dark, night, curse, vampires and so on. The theme of the Gothic style is dark, fear, loneliness and despair. It depicts the struggle of the edge of the evil, the pain and distortion of the heart. The main elements of this style include bats, roses, solitary castle, the crow, the cross, blood, black cats, and so on.Poe in his short story critically inherited the elements of the Gothic novel, on the basis of inherited, since people use the atmosphere of terror and internalization of psychological distortions, let a person from the inside out fear. The magnificent scene, precise logic, gloomy atmosphere, ethereal imagination, taken the breath of death the people heart and soul, and full of tension thriller constitute the unique Edgar Allan Poes works. Most of Allan Poes novels cater to the Gothic novel in eighteenth Century to the first half of the nineteenth Century peak of development trend.而在这篇小说中，哥特式的描写更是无处不在。首先，作者就使用了哥特式风格中很经典的意象黑猫，就给读者恐怖的感觉。其次，小说中的很多场景和环境的描写都能体现出哥特式风格。在大火烧毁房子后，仅剩下的一面白墙上出现了猫的雕像。而且能清楚地看到吊死它的绳索的浮雕像。这种哥特式的描写使氛围变得诡异，让文章笼罩着死亡的气息。就像把人扔到深不见底的万丈悬崖，感觉万念俱灰，就是这种极致的恐慌。黑猫中不同于以往古堡的设定，阴暗潮湿的地下室显然也符合哥特式场景的特点。与其去想象古堡的神秘幽深带来的恐惧，不如自家地下室来的真实。这种身临其境的感觉深深刺激着读者每个细胞和毛孔。地下室空间密闭狭小，处于其中，不尽的恐慌侵袭着着心脏，犹如死亡般的窒息。似乎只有幽灵才能在此出没。湿冷的墙壁里嵌着的确实一具冰冷的尸体，警察没有发现，要离开时，这个男人却大脑发热的主动敲打墙壁，里面呼应般的发出一声哀嚎。冰冷的墙壁，暗黑的水泥，腐烂的尸体，黑猫张着的血口，这些使得我们似乎都能看到水泥上泣出血。极致的描写仿佛空气都凝结，不敢稍作喘息。In this novel, Gothic description is in everywhere. First of all, the author uses the black cat as a image which is a classic Gothic style, and give readers a feeling of terror. Secondly, many scenes in the novel and the environment description can reflect the Gothic style. In the fire destroyed the house, leaving only the side of the white wall appeared the cat statue. It can clearly see its relief as hanging rope. This Gothic description in the atmosphere becomes strange. It makes the shrouded the smell of death.The black cat in different Castle setting, dank basement is also in line with the characteristics of Gothic scene. The mysterious castle is not as really horrible as the basement to the real home. This feeling deeply stimulates the reader personally on the scene of each cell and pores. The underground space is closed, in which, the endless panic attacks the heart, like the death of a choking. It seems that only the ghost can be found here. Damp walls inlaid with the really with cold body, police had found, when it was time to leave, the man but the brain fever active hammering on the walls, which echoes like sending out a loud howl. The cold walls, dark cement, rotting corpses, black Zhang the mouth, which makes us seem to be able to see a cement and weeping hemorrhage. The ultimate description as if the air is condensed, dare not breathe little.作家采用了以人衬托猫的方法。从“我”与黑猫由“伙伴”发展成“敌人”的情节描写中，可看出黑猫比人还通情。“我”也情不自禁地赞美道：“一个人若是经常尝到人类那种无情无意的滋味，畜生的那种无私的自我牺牲的爱，定会给他带来满心的温暖。”黑猫还似人一样通理。当“我”凶相毕露一把抓住猫，它不由在“我”手上轻轻咬了一口，留下牙印，可谓以牙还牙。当男人将它吊死、将保护它的女主人砍死，它知道采用计谋复仇。作家突出描述了主角吊死黑猫后不知其因的火灾及废墟上的死猫浮雕，和另一只隐藏起来待机为“恩人”鸣冤的猫，力图用令人惊异的“恐怖”的效果，烘托猫的动物性中匪夷所思的“智性”和“神秘性”，形象地提出了低等动物是否具有理性这个问题，笔触细致、情感浓烈，表达了人类对低等动物独特的关注和尊重。而且，这篇小说写出了人性的扭曲和黑暗通过大量的心理描写和动作描写。以主人公和两只黑猫的较量为线索，坡探索描写了主人公人性善恶冲突的心理，特别是对于其丑恶的病态人格的描写，震撼着读者的心灵，使读者能体会到萦绕在心灵深处的那些梦境带来的恐怖，从而领悟到深层故事中的审美意蕴。The writer adopts the method to set off the cat. The man and the black cat are from partners become enemies, and we can see that the black cat is more understanding than a man. The man can not help but praise, There is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute, which goes directly to the heart of him who has had frequent occasion to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere man. The black cat is still warm and friendly. When the man hanged, it will protect its mistress hacked, and it knows revenge. Writer described the protagonist who hanged the black cat. Then,a strage big fire happened and there is a dead cat effigy in the ruin, and other hidden standby for cat benefactor idealists, trying to amazing terrorist effect, heighten the cat animal freak wisdom and mystery, vividly presented lower animals is rational this problem, Meticulous Brushwork, strong emotions, expressed human to lower animals unique attention and respect.Moreover, this novel has writt