英语中两者之间的比较.doc

英语中两者之间的比较 that/those of 结构that/those of 作为避免重复的代名词 说明英文句构中，两个对称而形成的情况时，为避免重复，第二个若为单数，就改为 that；若为复数，则改为 those，不过在遇到时，可使用的形态取代that或those. The population of Tokyo is larger than that of London.东京的人口比伦敦的多。 The climate here is like that of Taipei.这儿的气候和台北非常相似。 His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty. 他的孩子很有教养，但他妹妹的孩子却调皮得很。 The students work harder than those of our school.这些学生比我们学校的学生用功。 His car is bigger than mine.他的车比我的大。比较级（Comparative Degree ）在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner ).典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加.英语句子中,将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”.其中,像“A比B更”的表达方式称为比较级.组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态.构成单音节形容词和部分双音节词,一般在词尾加-er.2. 以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加-r.3. 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加er.4. 以辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词,先把”y“改为”i“,再加-er.5. 多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加”more“.6. 部分形容词和副词的比较级是不规则的,如：good/well-better,bad/badly-worse.7. 由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词,在词前加more构成比较级.如：interesting-more interesting,bored-more bored.8. 由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词,在该副词前加more构成比较级.如：slowly-more slowly,happily- more happily.用法一般1. 表示比.更, 用比较级形容词+than+比较成分, than后主词的述语动词往往省略, 非正式用法的than后的人称代名词可用受格.He is younger than me.他比我年轻.I am a better swimmer than he(him).我游泳比他好.2. 表示较.低; 不及.用less+原级形容词+than+比较成分.I am less young than he (is).我不比他年轻.3. 表示两者之中较., 用the+比较级+of the two.This one is the bigger of the two houses.这所房子是两座房子中较大的.4. 定冠词或指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较.The taller boy is John.那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰.5. 有少数以ior结尾的形容词, 如inferior(次于), junior(年幼的;下级的), posterior(之后), prior(之前), senior(年长的,上级的), superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思, 常与介系词to连用.This method is superior to that one.这种方法优于那种方法.6. 比较形容词可以被副词如a little(一点),much(得多), even(更加), still(更加), far(.的多)等修饰, 但不可用very修饰.翻译: 现在的生活简单得多了.(误)Life is very easier than it was twenty years ago.(正)Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.特殊1 no more than与.一样不.not morethan 没有.那样.,不如.not less than 不亚于.2more than不止,仅仅,非常,极其 This more than satisfied me.3more than a little非常4not more than不多于 no (not any) more than不过,仅仅5no less than有.之多,多达 not less than 至少,不下于6neither more nor less than恰好,不多不少,简直,和.完全一样7better than多于,超过 It is better than 20 km to the station.8(in) less than no time立即,一会儿9(be) little/no better than实际上,简直就是10nothing less than完全是,和.一模一样11all the more越发,更加12. any (the) less较小/更小一些,小的13. all the better更好,更加14. so much the better/worse (for sb./sth.)甚至更好/更坏15. go one better (than sb./sth.)胜过.一筹16. morethan与其说.不如说.17. would sooner/ratherthan与其.宁愿18. (be) more likethan不像.倒像19. ratherthan/rather than宁可.而不20. other than除了.,除.之外21. ratherthan otherwise不是别的而是22. no/none other than正是,除.之外无其他23. no more不再,不复存在,也不,也没有24. less than不.25. more often than no经常,多半同级比较 由“as + 形容词原型 + as”或“as + 形容词 + 名词 + as”构成.My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.I try to find as much information as I can about what happened. 由“not so (as) + 形容词或副词原型 + as”或“not so (as) + 形容词 + 名词 + as”构成.Luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today.降级比较1.由“形容词比较级+ than”构成.He is more concerned about others than about himself. 由“many / much more + 可数 / 不可数名词 + than”My friend earned much more money than I did last year.特殊句型表示“越来越”的意思： “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构,与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等.She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.As the winter is drawing near,its getting colder and colder.表示两者之间更the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词.Jane is the taller of the two children in our family. 表示“越”：“the + 比较级,”,The more magazines you sell,the more money you will get. “否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级. Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you? I couldnt agree more. The idea sounds great to me. “a + 比较级 + 名词（than）” 结构常出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面.How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice. 倍数表示法：times as +形容词原级 + as；times + 形容词比较级 + than；times the + 性质名词 + of.The dining hall is three times as large as that one.The dining hall is three times larger than that one.The dining hall is three times the size of that one.比较级表示最高级英语中用比较级句型可以表最高级的含义,较为常见的有下列几种形式：1、直接使用比较级 How beautiful she sings! Ive never heard a better voice. = She has the best voice Ive ever heard. I have never read a more interesting novel. = It is the most interesting novel Ive ever read.any other + n.(单)2、比较级+ than + the other +n.(复)any of the other + n.（复） She goes to school earlier than the other girls. He works harder than any other student. China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.3、比较级 + than + anything/ anyone else George did more work than anyone else. Tom cared more for money than for anything else.4、在比较句型中使用 no, nobody, nothing + better than 等词. I like nothing better than swimming. Nobody can do the work better than he did. No other building is as grand as the new hotel.5、one of + the +adj.最高级 + n.(复) “最 的之一” eg. Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China.6、the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + n.(单) + in短语 “第几（长、大、远）” eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.7、adj.最高级 可用在选择疑问句中,常用句型：Which/ Who A, B or C? eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing?8、当adj.最高级 前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格 修饰时,省掉最高级前的定冠词the.eg. Linda is my sisters best friend.26. see more/less of someone更常/少见；再/少见到.注意 为了避免重复,常用the one代替单数可数名词,the ones,those 代替复数名词,that 代替单数或不可数名词. 当比较对象属于同一范围时,需使用other来排除自身,否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾.Canada is larger than any other country in North America. “no + 形容词的比较级 + than”结构表达对两者均否定.Dont be proud so early. You are no better than me 比较级前面可以用even, still, yet, any, much, a little, a lot, by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度.To tell you the truth, my boyfriend is much older than m