网络英语基础篇 参考资料.doc

Key to exercises:Chapter One1. What is World Wide Web? When did it come into being?The World Wide Web (also called the WWW, W3, or simply “the Web”) is a huge global database of information, which is stored and distributed by the millions of linked computers that make up the Internet. Using the Web, you can access information from all over the world, and can display it in the form of documents called Web pages on your own desktop computer.Tim Berners-Lee, a physicist at CERN in Switzerland, invented the World Wide Web (Web) in 1992 as a way to organize information in a more brain-like fashion. His idea was to allow people to make multiple free associations with different bits of information.2. How does the Internet work?There are four basic building blocks to the Internet, Hosts, Routers and Clients and Connections. Together, they form the working procedure of the Internet. 3. How do you connect to the Internet?At the moment, there are two basic kinds of Internet connections. There are low-speed connections, and there are high-speed connections. Actually, there is only one kind of low-speed connection. Its called a dial-up connection, because it uses the regular phone lines. High-speed connections include: Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), cable, satellite, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). 4. What information can you find on the Internet?The short answer to this is almost anything. Tens of millions of documents are currently available on the Web, covering a huge range of topics.5. What are the uses of the Internet?As a client to the Internet, one should have the following abilities: Sending and receiving e-mails, upload/download Files, access the World Wide Web.6. Do you often log on to the Internet? What do you usually do on the Internet? Open for discussion. Chapter Two1 What are the hypertext and hypermedia? HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) describes a Web page, which is stored in a plain text file with the HTM or HTML file extension. The primary purpose of HTML is to describe how to format the text content of a Web page.2 How does the web work?A Web page is a combination of text and the HTML tags that format that text.3 What is a web page? How many parts are there in a web page?A Web page is a hypermedia document. It is a specific implementation, though, that has its own characteristics. The term hypermedia describes what you find on the Web. Hypermedia is a natural extension of hypertext in that the contents of each document include much more than text. They include multimedia, like images, videos, and sounds.4 What are the three parts of URL? What do they stand for?The three parts of URL include: scheme, which describes the protocol that the client should use to access the resource; host, which is the domain name of the Internet host on which the resource resides; path, which is the full path and possibly the file name of a document.5 What is a domain name? How many domains can you list?Domain name is the name given to any computer registered on the World Wide Web as an official provider of information and files. Domain Names are usually two or more terms separated by periods. Some common domain names are: com, edu, gov, mil. net, org, etc.6 How do you bookmark a page you like and want to visit again?To bookmark a page, click Favorites, Add to Favorites, and the web page you like to visit again is saved.7 How do you save a web page?One can bookmark a web page for future use. 8 What are the benefits of offline browsing? You can browse that content while youre not connected to the Internet. Because you dont have to wait for pages to download before your eyes, offline browsing makes the whole Web searching experience seem faster.9 What is a web server?A web server is any computer that delivers and serves information and data.Chapter Three1. What is Menu Bar? How many parts are there in it?Menu Bar contains menu items that open up dropdown lists for related options. Among the items are options for printing, customizing IE 6, copying and pasting text, managing Favorites, and accessing Help.2. What is Navigation Toolbar? How do you use each icon?Navigation Toolbar: Contains icons for a variety of features including navigating among Web pages, searching the Web using a selection of search tools, accessing and managing Favorites, viewing a History of visited pages, printing, and accessing email and newsgroups. By clicking each icon, you can launch the function of each item.3. How do you navigate the web with IE 6?With the help of Menu Bar and Navigation Toolbar, you can navigate the web easily. 4. How do you download and save a web page?To download and save a web page, you need to: Click on File/Save As (top left of screen). A pop-up window will appear. Save in: Choose the desired drive. Save as type: Make sure you save the page to the file type that will be useful to you. If you save the page as a Web page, you will need a Web browser or HTML editor to view it. A text file (txt) can be viewed in a word processing program such a Word or WordPerfect. Click on Save.5. How do you print a web page?To print a web page: Click on the Print icon on the Tool Bar, then click on OK.6. What will happen when a mouse pointer is over a link?When a mouse pointer is over a link, you can click the right mouse button and make your selections to open, save, print, copy and add the selected page to your Favorites. 7. What can you do when a mouse pointer is over an image?When a mouse pointer is over an image, you can click the right mouse button and make your selections to save, print, copy, e-mail the picture, or set the picture as background. 8. How many sections in the Tool/Internet Options? What are the functions of each section?There are seven tabs in the Tool/Internet Options. See text for the function of each tab.Chapter Four1. What are search engines? How many types of search engines are there?Search engines are huge databases of web page files that have been assembled automatically by machine.2. How do each type of search engines work?There are two types of search engines: Individual search engines compile their own searchable databases on the web. Another type is Mega. Metasearchers do not compile databases. Instead, they search the databases of multiple sets of individual engines simultaneously. 3. How do search engines rank web pages?In ranking web pages, search engines follow a certain set of rules. These may vary from one engine to another. Their goal, of course, is to return the most relevant pages at the top of their lists. To do this, they look for the location and frequency of keywords and phrases in the web page document and, sometimes, in the HTML META tags. They check out the title field and scan the headers and text near the top of the document. Some of them assess popularity by the number of links that are pointing to sites; the more links, the greater the popularity, i.e., value of the page.4. When do you need to use search engines?Search engines are best at finding unique keywords, phrases, quotes, and information buried in the full-text of web pages. Because they index word by word, search engines are also useful in retrieving tons of documents. If you want a wide range of responses to specific queries, use a search engine. 5. What are the frequently used individual search engines?The most frequently used search engines are: Google, Alta Vista, All the web, etc.6. How do subject directories work? When do you need to use them?Subject directories, unlike search engines, are created and maintained by human editors, not electronic spiders or robots. The editors review and select sites for inclusion in their directories on the basis of previously determined selection criteria. The resources they list are usually annotated.7. What are the basic search tips?Some basic search tips are: put your most important keywords first in the line; use the plus (+) and minus (-) signs in front of words to force their inclusion and/or exclusion in searches; use double quotation marks (“ ”) around phrases to ensure they are searched exactly as is, with the words side by side in the same order, etc. 8. What is Boolean Logic? How do you use it?Boolean logic takes its name from British mathematician George Boole (1815-1864), who wrote about a system of logic designed to produce better search results by formulating precise queries. He called it the calculus of thought. From his writings, we have derived Boolean logic and its operators: AND, OR, and NOT, which we use to link words and phrases for more precise queries.9. What are the common searching problems when you search the Internet? How do you solve these problems?See text (Page 37) for how to deal with the common searching problems.Chapter Five1. What are the commonly used search engines? The most frequently used search engines are: Google, Yahoo!, Alta Vista, All the web, etc.2. How to use them to find information?See text for the use of each individual search engine.3. Do they all support Boolean Logic?Yes, they all do.4. Among them, what are the individual search engines?Google and All the web are individual search engines. 5. What are the search options and features of Yahoo!?Yahoo! is a human-compiled subject directory and commercial portal. It is the oldest major directory on the Web, launched in mid 1994, and is a good starting point for general information. The Main Page contains many links and has the busy, crowded appearance. The Advanced Search page has a cleaner, less cluttered look. Recently Yahoo! partnered with Google, which is providing an abridged version of its database for Web page matches that fall outside the area of Yahoo! sites and categories.6. Why does Google win such a high fame? Google was created in the winter of 1998 by graduate students at Stanford University and was officially launched in the fall of 1999. From the beginning, Google has endeavored to present a clean, attractive interface. This is a straightforward, easy-to-use engine, and is noted for its highly relevant results. It returns pages based on the number of sites linking to them and how often they are visited, indicating their popularity. Because of its unique features, Google wins and enjoys a high fame among Internet users.7. What are the unique features of Google?From the beginning, Google has endeavored to present a clean, attractive interface. This is a straightforward, easy-to-use engine, and is noted for its highly relevant results. It returns pages based on the number of sites linking to them and how often they are visited, indicating their popularity.Chapter Six1. How do you save a file into a Word or text format?See Page 50 for the steps of saving a file. 2. What softwares are popular when downloading from the Internet?There are two strongly recommended downloading softwares when you are trying to get useful stuffs from the web: FlashGet and Netants.3. What are the features of FlashGet?FlashGet is specifically designed to address two of the biggest problems when downloading files: Speed and management of downloaded files. FlashGet can split downloaded files into sections, downloading each section simultaneously, for an increase in downloading speed from 100% to 500%. This, coupled with FlashGets powerful and easy-to-use management features, helps you take control of your downloads.4. How do you install FlashGet into your computer?The first step you need to take is to download the FlashGet installation package from the net. Extract all files from the package into a temporary directory using your software, such as WinZip. Run SETUP.EXE and follow the instructions. 5. How many methods when using FlashGet to download jobs from the Internet?There are five methods when using FlashGet to download jobs from the Internet. They are: monitor browser clicks, extended IE context menu, monitor clipboard, drag&drop, manually enter URL, etc. For the use of each method, see Page 56-57. 6. What are included in the job properties?Job properties include options of downloading and saving features of FlashGet. 7. How many parts can FlashGet split a file? What is the default setting of splitting parts in FlashGet?Split files into 1-10 parts. The file splits can increase downloading speeds significantly. In most cases, 3-5 splits are enough. The default setting of splitting parts in FlashGet is two. 8. How many parts are there in the FlashGet Menu Bar? What are the functions of each one?There are six parts in the Menu Bar: File, Category, Edit, View, Jobs and Tools. See Page 59-63 for the functions of each one. 9. How do you manage the downloaded files in the FlashGet?Managing files is one of FlashGets most important features. FlashGet organizes files into categories. Every downloaded file sorted in categories will be moved to that specified hard drive directory.10. Where can you find the FlashGet IE bar? What is the use of it?Right click on IE browser toolbar, select FlashGet Bar from the context menu, FlashGet IE Bar will appear, it allow you control FlashGet and view downloading information within IE browser.Chapter Seven1. What are the advantages of having a free Web email account?A free web-based email will bring you even more convenience. You can check your mail anywhere, anytime.2. Are there many free Web emails? What do you know about them?There are lots of free email providers on the web, including domestic and foreign companies. The easiest way to find and compare is to use the search engine and search for “free email”, and see a list of free email providers. Each of them may have unique features of its own. Some may provide large storage, some may support POP3 and SMTP for software to send and receive emails, some may provide attractive functions, such as Personal Signature, Format Design, or even allowing you to use emoticons inside your email.3. How to get a Yahoo! ID?Go to Yahoo! Mail page, click Sign up now icon and follow the steps, you can get your own Yahoo! ID. 4. Why are there so many free Web e-mails?Free Web e-mails are good vehicles for promotions. You may receive some commercial advertisements from time to time, and there may be commercials inside your email box windows, or even at the top or bottom of each email you send and receive. Thats how they live up.5. How to choose a password? What do you need to pay attention to when you apply for a password?Choose a password that you will remember but that cannot be easily guessed, even by those who know you. Passwords are case sensitive and can include numbers and special characters in any combination. You can use these combinations to make your password more difficult for others to guess. Always pay attention to the safety and security of your password.6. Do you have to register all your real personal status when you apply for a free e-mail? Why or why not?For security, you dont need to register all your real personal status when you apply for a free e-mail. 7. What do you need to do to secure your e-mail account?To secure your e-mail account, you need to pay attention to the following steps: choose your password wisely; change your password when necessary; choose your security question and answer wisely; always sign out completely; clear your browsers cache.8. Do you need to change your password often? How often do you change your e-mail account password?Yes. You need to change your password at least once every three months.9. Why do you need to sign out completely when you finished using a public computer?Its important that you always sign out completely each time after you finished using your e-mail. Doing this will remove the possibility that another person could use the same computer to view any of the contents of your account.10. What is a browsers cache? How to delete cookies?Your browsers cache contains copies of the web pages you have recently visited and stores these files on your hard drive. For Internet Explorer, choose Internet Options. from IEs Tools menu, Click the Delete Cookies button, and choose OK when prompted, click the Delete Files button, and select to Delete all offline content, click OK when prompted. In the bottom right-hand corner of the Internet Options page, click the Clear History button, and choose OK when prompted. Click the OK button at the bottom of the Internet Options window.Chapter Eight1. What are the advantages of e-mail compared to the traditional mail?Electronic mail, better known as e-mail, is the most important tool used on the Internet. Its much faster than the ordinary snail mail, less expensive and enables you to instantly communicate with your visitors and customers.2. What is the format of e-mail?E-mail usually includes subject line, Cc/Bcc, and content.3. What are the most popular e-mail softwares?The most popular e-mail softwares are Microsoft Outlook Express and foxmail.4. How do you select a stationery using Outlook Express?One can select a stationery for a new message by selectiong Stationery from the list provided by the Compose Message button after open Outlook Express.5. How do you set up your account in Outlook Express?To set up e-mail account, do the following: Choose Accounts from the Tools menu. Select the Mail tab and use the Add and Properties buttons to add your account. 6. How do you set up multiple accounts in Outlook Express? To set up additional e-mail accounts, do the following: Choose Accounts from the Tools menu. Select the Mail tab and use the Ad