职称英语综合A类真题.docx

2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）真题试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Therewasaninclinationtotreatgeographyasalessimportantsubject.A.pointB.tendencyC.resultd.finding2.Newsecretariescameandwentwithmonotonousregularity.a.amazingb.depressingc.predictabled.dull3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.a.furnishb.copyc.publishd.Summarize4.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.a.limitb.regulatec.opposed.support5.Theoriginalexperimentcannotbeexactlyduplicate.a.reproducedb.inventedc.designedd.reported6.Ttestedagainst7.Thesymptomsofthediseasemanifestedthemselvestendayslater.a.easedb.appearedc.improvedd.relieved8.Theuniformmakestheguardslookabsurd.a.seriousb.ridiculousc.beautifuld.impressive9.Someofthelargerbirdscanremainstationaryintheairforseveralminutes.a.silentb.motionlessc.seatedd.true10.Thecountrywastornapartbystrife.a.povertyb.warc.conflictd.economy11.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.a.actb.homeworkc.justiced.model12.Apersonswealthisoftenininverseproportiontotheirhappiness.a.equalb.certainc.larged.opposite13.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16days.a.startedb.changedc.movedd.lasted14.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.a.sincereb.respectfulc.terribled.empty15.Tmerciald.national第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Wannabuyabody?ThatwastheopeninglineofmorethanafewphonecallsIgotfrom self-employedphotographerswhenIwasaphotoeditoratU.S.News.Likemanyinthe mainstream press,Iwantedtoseparatetheworldofphotographersintothem,whotradein picturesofbodiesorrunafterfamouspeoplelikePrincessDiana,andus,theseriousnews people.Butafter16yearsinthatrole,Icametowonderwhetherthetwoworldswereeasily distinguishable.Workinginthereputableworldofjournalism,Itoldphotographerstocoverotherpeoples difficultlifesituations.Ijustifiedmarchingintomomentsofsadness，undertheappearanceofthereadersrighttoknow.Iworkedwithprofessionalstalkingtheirwayintosituationsorshooting frombehindpolicelines.AndIwasntalone.InanyAmericantown,afteracarcrashorsomeotherhorribleincidentwhenordinarypeoplearehurtorkilled,yourarelyseephotographerspushingpastrescueworkerstotakephotosofthebloodandinjuries.Butyouarelikelytoseelocalnewspaperandtelevisionphotographersonthe sceneandfastHowcanwejustifydoingthis?Journalistsaretaughttoseparate,doingthejobfrom worryingabouttheconsequencesofpublishingwhattheyrecord.Repeatedly,theyarereminded ofanews-businesssaying:Leaveyourconscienceintheoffice,Avictimmayliebleeding, unconscious,ordead.Yourjobistorecordtheimage.Youreaphotographer,notanemergency medicalworker.Youputawayyourfeelingsanddocumentthescene.Butcatastrophiceventsoftenbringouttheworstinphotographersandphoto editors. Inthefirstminutesandhoursafteradisasteroccurs,photoagenciesbuypictures.Theyrushtoobtain therightstobetheonlyonetoowntheseshockingimagesanddeath is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests. I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures. Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites（伪君子）who need to be brought down, and its our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded us and mean-spirited them. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right. 16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. The writer believes that shooting peoples nightmares is justifiable. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Journalists arent supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 The Storyteller1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what he has always been about. The son of a computerscientistanda pianist,SpielbergspenthisearlychildhoodinNewJerseyand,later,Arizona.Fromtheverybeginning,hisfertileimaginationfilledhisyoungmindwithimagesthatwouldlaterinspirehisfilmmaking.2.Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesof his earliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyears leading up tohisparents1966divorce,Itisreallyaboutayoung boywhowasinsearchof somestabilityinhis life.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.AndthatsjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfilmslikePoltergeist.”3.Spielbergwas11whenhefirstgothishandsonhisdadsmoviecameraandbeganshootingshortflicksaboutflyingsaucersandWorldWarbattles.Spielbergstalentforscarystorytellingenabledhimtomakefriends.OnBoyScoutcampingtrips,whennightfell,Spielbergbecamethecenterofattention.“Stevenwouldstarttellinghisghoststories,”saysRichardY.HoffmanJr.,leaderofTroop294,“andeveryonewouldsuddenlygetquietsothattheycouldallhearit.”4.SpielbergmovedtoCaliforniawithhisfatherandwenttohighschoolthere,buthisgradesweresobadthathebarelygraduated.BothUCLAandUSCfilmschoolsrejectedhim,soheenteredCaliforniaStateUniversityatLongBeachbecauseitwasclosetoHollywood.Spielbergwasdeterminedtomakemovies,andhemanagedtogetanunpaid,non-creditinternship（实习）inHollywood.Soonhewasgivenacontract,andhedroppedoutofcollege.Heneverlookedback5.Now,manyyearslater,Spielbergisstilltellingstorieswithasmuchpassionasthekidinthetent.Askhimwherehegetshisideas,Spielbergshrugs.“Theprocessformeismostlyintuitive,”hesays.“TherearefilmsthatIfeelIneedtomake,foravarietyofreasons,forpersonalreasons,forreasonsthatIwanttohavefun,thatthesubjectmatteriscool,thatIthinkmykidswilllikeit.AndsometimesIjustthinkthatitwillmakealotofmoney,likethesequel toJurassicPark.”23.Paragraph1_24.Paragraph2_25.Paragraph3_26.Paragraph4_A.InspirationsforhismoviesB.ThetroubleofmakingmoviesC.AfunnymanD.GettingintothemoviebusinessE.TellingstoriestomakefriendsF.Anaimoflife27.SomeofSpielbergmostsuccessfulmoviescamefrom_28.WhenSpielbergwasaboy，heusedtobescaredof_29.Spielbergisverygoodat_30.Spielbergsayshemakesmoviesfor_A.almosteverythingB.tellingscarystoriesC.anumberofreasonsD.makingchildrenlaughE.hischildhoodmemoriesF.alotofmoney第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。第一篇TheNationalTrust TheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasinglyimportantpartinthepreservationforpublicenjoymentofthebestthatisleftunspoiledoftheBritishcountryside.AlthoughtheTrusthasreceivedpracticalandmoralsupportfromtheGovernment,itisnotarichGovernmentdepartment.ItisavoluntaryassociationofpeoplewhocarefortheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisacharitywhichdependsforitsexistenceonvoluntarysupportfrommembersofthepublic. Itsprimarydutyistoprotectplacesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistoricalinterest.TheattentionofthepublicwasfirstdrawntothedangersthreateningthegreatoldhousesandcastlesofBritainbythedeathofLordLothian,wholefthisgreatseventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe4500-acreparkandestatesurroundingit.ThisgiftattractedwidepublicityandstartedtheTrustsCountryHouseScheme”.Underthisscheme,withthehelpoftheGovernmentandthegeneralpublic,theTrusthasbeenabletosaveandmakeaccessibletothepublicaboutonehundredandfiftyoftheseoldhouses2.Lastyearaboutoneandthreequartersofamillionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichouses,usuallyataverysmallcharge.InadditiontocountryhousesandopenspacestheTrustnowownssomeexamplesofancientwindandwatermills,naturereserves,fivehundredandfortyfarmsandnearlytwothousandfivehundredcottagesorsmallvillagehouses,aswellassomecompletevillages.Inthesevillagesnooneisallowedtobuild,developordisturbtheoldvillageenvironmentinanywayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginalsixteenth-centurystyle.Overfourhundredthousandacresofcoastline,woodland,andhillcountryareprotectedbytheTrustandnodevelopmentordisturbancesofanykindarepermitted.Thepublichasfreeaccesstotheseareasandisonlyaskedtorespectthepeace,beautyandwildlife.SoitisthatoverthepasteightyyearstheTrusthasbecomeabigandimportantorganizationandanessentialandrespectedpartofnationallife,preservingallthatisofgreatnaturalbeautyandofhistoricalsignificancenotonlyforfuturegenerationsofBritonsbutalsoforthemillionsoftouristswhoeachyearinvadeBritaininsearchofagreathistoricandculturalheritage.31.Thenationaltrustisa_A.governmentagencydependingonvoluntaryservice.B.non-profitorganizationdependingonvoluntaryserviceC.governmentdepartmentbutisnotrich.D.privateorganizationsupportedbythegovernment32.TheNationalTrustisdedicatedtoA.preservingthebestpublicenjoymentB.providingthepublicwithfreeaccesstohistoricbuildingsC.offeringbetterservicestovisitorshomeandabroadD.protectingthounspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildings.33.Wecaninferfromparagraph2thatLordLothion_A.donatedallhismoneytotheTrustB.startedtheCountryHouseSchemeC.savedmanyoldcountryhousesinBritainD.wasinfluentialinhistime34.Allthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageexcept_A.thetrustmoreinterestedinprotectingthe16centuryhousesB.manypeoplecametovisitthehistorichousessavedbytheTrustC.visitorscanyetfreeaccesstusomeplacesownedbytheTrustD.theTrusthasahistorywhichislongerthan80years.35.Theword“invade”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningtoA.comeinwithoutpermissionB.enterwithinvitationC.visitinlargenumberD.appear3lofasudden第二篇HowweformfirstimpressionWeallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorherasideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits. Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainisso sensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinahowapersoneyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infact,your braincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformationthesightsandsoundsofyour world. Theses incoming “signals” arecomparedagainstahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortex（大脑皮层）systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean”. Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe”.“Ifyousee someonenew, itsays,“newpotentiallythreatening”.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother“known”memories.Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gesturesandtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew.Idontlike thisperson.”Orelse,“Iamintrigued.”Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestureslikeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:“Ilikethisperson.”Butthesespreliminary“impressions”canbedeadwrong.Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeopletheirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacterwecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareofthepersonscharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinkingandthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.36.Ourfirstimpressionofsomeonenewisinfluencedbyhisorher_A.pastexperience B.character C.facialfeatures D.hobbies37.Ifyoumeetastrangerwithfamiliargestures,yourbrainismostlylikelytosay_A.“Heisfamiliarandsafe”B.“Heisnewandpotentiallythreatening”C.“Ilikethisperson”D.“ThisisnewIdontlikethisperson”38.Theword“preliminary”means_A.SimplisticB.StereotypicalC.InitialD.categorical39.Ourthinkingisnotmatureenoughwhenwestereotypepeoplebecause_A.weneglecttheirdepthandbreadthB.theyarenotalllocks,peeks,orfreaksC.ourthinkingissimilartothatofaveryyoungchildD.ourjudgmentisalwayswrong40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?A.OnesphysicalappearancecaninfluenceourfirstimpressionB.ourfirstimpressionisinfluencedbythesensitivityofourbrainC.StereotypicalimpressionscanbedeadwrongD.Weshouldadoptmaturethinkingwhengettingtoknowpeople第三篇ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastCancerPost-menopausalwomenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereport,whichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73.615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerinthegroup.Theywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywere activeandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPatel,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:”Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.”Morestrenuous andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriske