GMAT数学词汇总结.doc

GMAT数学词汇总结以下词汇仅做参考，不需要特别记忆数学词汇，可以在平时的过程中进行累积。1.整数integer整数even偶数odd奇数divisor除数real number实数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive integer连续的整数quotient商multiple倍数remainder余数prime number质数，素数prime factor质因子，质因数composite number合数2.分数common factor公因子reciprocal/inverse倒数mixed number带分数improper fraction假分数proper fraction真分数vulgar fraction/common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数3.小数decimal system十进制digit位units digit个位数tens digit十位数tenths unit十分位3-digit number三位数decimal point小数点decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数4.实数absolute value绝对值nonzero number非零数natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数nonnegative非负的rational有理数irrational(number)无理数5.比例common ratio公比direct proportion正比percent百分比6.幂和根product乘积base/power底数/指数square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数radical sign/root sign根号cardinal基数ordinal序数7.集合subset子集union合集，并集intersection交集proper subset真子集solution set解集8.描述统计学average平均数median中数mode众数（在一系列数中出现最多的数）arithmetic mean算术平均数weighted average加权平均数geometric mean几何平均数maximum最大值minimum最小值range值域（一系列数中最大值减最小值）dispersion差量，离差standard deviation标准方差distribution（频数或频率）分布frequency distribution频数分布normal distribution正态分布9.计算方法factorial notation阶乘permutations排列combination组合10.数学运算add/plus加subtract/minus减multiply/times乘divide除difference差sum和total1总数（用在加法中，相当于+）；2总计（用于减法中，相当于-）division1除；2部分divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数B代数式、方程及不等式coefficient系数numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数term项constant term常数项quadratic二次方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程linear equation线性方程solution（方程的）解inequality不等式expression表达式linear一次的，线性的factorization因数分解function函数trigonometric function三角函数inverse function反函数complementary function余函数variable变量domain域sequence数列arithmetic progression等差数列geometric progression等比数列C几何1.直线和垂线a line segment线段endpoint端点midpoint中点a right angle直角perpendicular垂线perpendicular lines垂直线perpendicular bisector垂直平分线parallel lines平行线bisect平分2.相交线和角vertical angle对顶角a straight line直线acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角vertex angle顶角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角alternate angle内错角interior angle内角central angle圆心角exterior angle外角supplementary angle补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线intersect相交3.四边形和多边形quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形multilateral多边的parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形square正方形rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形congruent全等的4.三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形hypotenuse斜边leg直角边included side夹边arm直角三角形的股median of a triangle三角形的中线opposite直角三角形中的对边altitude（三角形的）高vertex顶点base底5.圆circle圆形semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦diameter直径radius半径circumference圆周长arc弧surface area表面积radian弧度（弧长/半径）segment of a circle弧形point of tangency切点tangent正切inscribe内切，内接circumscribe外切，外接6.长方体和圆柱体edge边vertex顶点cube立方体rectangular solid长方体length长width宽altitude高depth深度regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体pyramid角锥volume体积dimension维数7.坐标几何coordinate plane坐标平面abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系x-axisX轴origin原点quadrant象限slope斜率intercept截距a unique solution惟一解no solution无解parabola抛物线E.句型The ratio of A to B is A比B(A/B)A is a divisor of BA是B的除数（约数）(B/A)A divided by BA/BA divided into BB/ATwice as many A as BA是B的两倍A is 20% more than B(A-B)/B=20%A is 20% less than B(B-A)/B=20%no less than大于等于no more than小于等于is equal to等于round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入is parallel to平行is perpendicular to垂直closest approximation最相近似的代数 ALGEBRA 1.数论 natural number 自然数 positive number 正数 negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数 even integer, even number 偶数 integer, whole number 整数 positive whole number 正整数 negative whole number 负整数 consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数 irrational（number） 无理数 inverse 倒数composite number 合数 e.g. 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15 prime number 质数 e.g. 2,3,5,7,11,13,15 reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数 multiple 倍数 (minimum) common multiple (最小)公倍数 (prime) factor(质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制 nonnegative 非负的 tens 十位 units 个位mode 众数 mean平均数median中值 common ratio 公比 2. 基本数学概念 arithmetic mean 算术平均值 weighted average 加权平均值 geometric mean 几何平均数 exponent 指数，幂 base 乘幂的底数,底边 cube 立方数，立方体 square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字 constant 常数 variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数 linear 一次的，线*的 factorization 因式分解 absolute value 绝对值，e.g.-32=32 round off 四舍五入数学 3. 基本运算 add，plus 加 subtract 减 difference 差 multiply, times 乘product 积 divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数，红利 divisor 因子,除数，公约数 quotient 商remainder 余数 factorial 阶乘 power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号 round to 四舍五入 to the nearest 四舍五入 4.代数式，方程，不等式 algebraic term 代数项 like terms, similar terms 同类项 numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式 range 值域 original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程 linear equation