英语句子成分讲解及练习.doc

英语句子成分1 主语句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。 名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。 动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。Its no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。It is hard to get a good job. 找一份好工作很难。It is your duty to study hard. 努力学习是你的职责。2. 谓语谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。You are driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。 连系动词He is an outstanding student. 他是位优秀的学生。The box is heavy. 箱子很重。She looked unhappy. 她看起来不开心。Your hand feels cold. 你的手摸起来好冷。3. 表语表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。John is captain of the football team. 约翰是足球队的队长。The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Your duty is to study hard. 你的职责是努力学习。My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。4. 宾语宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。We hope that all will come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。I dont know where Cindy is from. 我不知道辛迪是哪里人。5. 定语定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？6. 状语英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。(1) 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。(2) 地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。(3) 程度状语He is running very fast. 他跑得很快。I feel a little tired. 我觉得有点累。(4) 目的状语Well go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 在罗马时，按罗马人那样行事。（入乡随俗。）(6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。(7) 条件状语If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others. 假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关照的话，这些花将长得更好。(8) 比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。Jack is taller than Mike. 杰克比迈克高。Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克没有杰克高。(9) 原因状语We didnt go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。Im glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。Being ill, he didnt go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学。He didnt go to school because he was ill. 由于病了，他没有去上学。(10) 结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。(11) 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。7. 宾语补足语宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得这次爬山很容易。Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。Im finished. Lets go now. 我已干完，咱们走吧。You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净。I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发? He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲一遍。Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。Exercises: 分析下列句子成分1. The sun rises in the east. 2. The old man lives a lonely life.3. All of us consider him honest. 4. They pushed the door open.5. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 6. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.7. Beingill, shestayedathome. 8. Trees turn green when spring comes.9. He made it clear that he would leave the city. 10. People living in the countryside enjoy fresh air.11. He walked carefully on the ice. 12. He asked us to sing an English song. 13. Seriously