辽宁省六校协作体2018_2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）.docx

辽宁省六校协作体2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，总分150分，考试用时100分钟。选择题部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AOn the first day of my new high school I almost had a nervous breakdown. Everything about the school seemed so difficult. When I got home, my parents said, “Youre nervous and thats okay. Everyone is afraid of high school.” I denied it. I wanted to be strong, so I refused to let anyone know about my fear, even my closest friends.On the first day I was late for every class and was constantly lost. The school seemed like a puzzle that I couldnt figure out. Was this how the whole year was going to be? I didnt think I could rise to this challenge, especially carrying a huge backpack that I could hardly lift. It was so big that I could knock someone out with it!Despite my fears, after the first week I finally had my schedule figured out. With the exception of falling up and down the stairs a couple of times and getting laughed at, high school was turning out to be not so bad. It was actually much better than middle school and much more challenging.Since then, Ive been elected（选举）vice monitor of my class, which wasnt much of a victory since only three people ran for the four positions.It is normal to be scared about a new school. Take a deep breath and relax. High school is something that any student can overcome. Make sure you participate in some out-of-class activities because youll find it easier to make friends. Try to do your best, even if it isnt straight As.Most important of all, be who you are, whether youre a “fool”， an athlete, or a lower grader. Dont try to pretend to be someone youre not. Now you know the true secrets of high school.1. The main reason for the authors fear on his first day is that _.A. he was not familiar with the new surroundingsB. his schoolmates were unfriendly to himC. he was unable to work out the puzzleD. his schoolbag was too heavy for him to carry2. From the authors first day experience we can infer that _.A. he didnt know the right way to classB. he got to school before classes beganC. he was fond of the school immediately.D. his home was far from the school3. After his first week at school, the author _.A. was still not accustomed to the scheduleB. was gradually used to the new schoolC. found high school not so challenging as he had imaginedD. ran for monitor of his class against three other students4. According to the passage, the secret of the authors success lies mainly in_.A. making more friendsB. getting more As at schoolC. being who he really isD. joining in out of class activities【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。本文介绍了作者高中第一天感到害怕，到后来作者逐渐适应了新学校，总结出一个道理成功在于做真实的自我。【1题详解】细节理解题。从第一段的句子“I almost had a nervous breakdown. Everything about the school seemed so difficult”，可知作者高中第一天感到害怕的主要原因是他不熟悉新环境。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。从第二段的句子“On the first day I was late for every class and was constantly lost. The school seemed like a puzzle that I couldnt figure out”可知作者在第一天迷路，因为作者觉得学校像个迷宫，不知如何走，即如何去上课的地方。其中的“was constantly lost”与“a puzzle that I couldnt figure out”得出“didnt know the right way to class”即 “不知如何去上课的地方”。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。从第三段的“Despite my fears, after the first week I finally had my schedule figured out. With the exception of falling up and down the stairs a couple of times and getting laughed at, high school was turning out to be not so bad. It was actually much better than middle school and much more challenging.”可知作者一周后，安排好了日程后就好多了，感觉高中生活比中学还要好，可知“他逐渐适应了新学校”。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。【4题详解】细节理解题。从最后一段的句子“Most important of all, be who you are, whether youre a fool， an athlete, or a lower grader. Dont try to pretend to be someone youre not. Now you know the true secrets of high school.”作者认为不论你是什么样的人，最重要的是做你自己，不要试图假装。现在你就知道成功的秘密了。由此可知作者的成功在于做真实的自我。选C。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。如第2小题属于细节理解题。从第二段的句子“On the first day I was late for every class and was constantly lost. The school seemed like a puzzle that I couldnt figure out” 可知作者在第一天迷路，因为作者觉得学校像个迷宫，不知如何走，即如何去上课的地方。其中的“was constantly lost”与“a puzzle that I couldnt figure out”得出“didnt know the right way to class”即 “不知如何去上课的地方”。故选A。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。BLiving in the wild can be hardFinding food and staying safe arent easyEach day, animals try to survive in their habitatsNot all animals get by on their own. Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animalsThese pairings are called symbiotic(共生的)relationshipsIn a symbiotic relationship, the animals depend on each otherOne animal helps the other meet its needsSounds good, right? Not alwaysSome animals are not very kind to their partnersIn some cases, one animal meets its needs but hurts its partnerTake ticks(扁虱), for exampleThese insects suck blood to liveTo get blood, they attach themselves to other kinds of animalsTicks can pass germs（细菌）that cause disease instead of helping their hostsIn other relationships, animals dont treat their partners so poorlyBoth animals benefit from living with the other animalSmall animals called cleaner shrimps(清洁虾）have found a way of helping fishAs their name suggests, the shrimps clean the fishThey hang out at what scientists call a cleaning stationA fish stops byThen a shrimp climbs onto the fish and even steps into the fishs mouthThe shrimp uses its tiny claws to pick stuff off the fishs bodyThat can include dead skin and tiny pieces of food that can hurt the fishThe fish gets a nice cleaningThe shrimp enjoys a tasty meal of fish trashSmall birds called plovers（灰斑）are also in the cleaning businessThey have big customers-crocodiles.Crocodiles have long noses filled with sharp teeth. Cleaning them is funny. When a crocodile opens its mouth, the plover hops right inIt lets the plover eat small, harmful animals attached to the crocodiles teethThe plover gets an easy meal while the crocodile gets clean teeth5. The text is mainly about _A. the hard life in the wildB. some dangerous animalsC. animals living togetherD. animals in a symbiotic relationship6. According to the text, in a symbiotic relationship, _A. animals depend on each otherB. birds depend on animals for foodC. both sides can get helpD. not all animals treat their partners well7. According to the text, it can be inferred that _A. living in the wild can be simpleB. different animals have different living waysC. crocodiles mainly live on ploversD. ticks are useful to some animals【答案】5. D 6. D 7. B【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了生物界存在的共生现象。在自然界中，不同的动物有不同的生存方式，有些生物之间存在一种合作关系，他们相互依存，各取所需，而有的是单方面获利。所以并不是所有的动物都对它们的共生伙伴友好。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animalsThese pairings are called symbiotic relationships”并联系上下文，可知本文主要介绍了生物界的一种共生现象，很多生物之间存在相互依存、相互帮助的关系。分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题根据第二段“Take ticks，for exampleThese insects suck blood to liveTo get blood，they attach themselves to other kinds of animalsTicks can pass germs that cause disease instead of helping their hosts”，可知，并不是所有的动物都对它们的共生伙伴很友好，扁虱就是这样的例子。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段中的“Not all animals get by on their ownSome animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animalsThese pairings are called symbiotic （共生的） relationships”可知有些动物是靠自己去捕捉食物，有些动物是靠共生来获取食物，也就是说不同的动物有不同的生存方式。所以答案为B项。选项A是文章直接叙述的；选项C表达与原文不一致；选项D是无法推断出的。故选B。CHumans were designed to stand upright. And yet in this modern world too many of us spend our days with our heads lowered for a simple reason: were staring at the tiny screen of a smart phone.People spend an average of 2 to 4 hours each day with their neck bent while shooting off emails or texts. Thats 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smart phone posture（姿势）.The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when its in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine(脊椎)；a 30 degree neck bend could equal 40 pounds of pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds, according to the research from Dr. Kenneth Hansraj from New York. These stresses may lead to many problems.Its no secret that correct posture is better for your back. According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned(成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine. Standing tall doesnt just make you look better; it improves your health, too. Other studies have found good posture has even been connected to ways of behaving. People who have poorer posture often have poorer physical and emotional health.The researchers describe bad posture as “the head in a forward position and the shoulders dropping forward in a rounded position”. Bad posture has been connected to many medical problems, including headaches and other problems, depression and heart disease. This is why Hansraj said its important to be mindful of your smart phone posture. Though it is nearly impossible to avoid the technologies that cause these problems, people should make an effort to look at their phones with a correct posture.8. Through the underlined sentence in paragraph 2, the author wants to show that _.A. the social media have its bad sideB. the social media have made a great successC. people have to use social media unavoidablyD. more and more people are using smart phones9. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?A. Its healthy to bend your back regularly.B. Your back is getting exercise as you bend it.C. The average weight of an adult head always changes.D. The more you bend your neck, the more stresses your spine gets.10. Where does the text most probably come from?A. A text book.B. An advertisement.C. A health report.D. A book review【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C【解析】本文为记叙文。本文主要讲了现代社会，由于人们长时间盯着手机屏幕，给健康埋下了隐患，文章指出你的脖子越弯曲，你的头就会越重，脊柱承受的压力就越大。正确的姿势是让颈部和肩膀成一条直线。【8题详解】推理判断题。划线部分是承上（第二段）启下(第三段)的作用。由第二段中第一句“People spend an average of 2 to 4 hours each day with their neck bent while shooting off emails or texts”可知“人们平均每天花2到4个小时弯着脖子发邮件或短信” 。第三段叙述了弯着脖子会导致许多问题。通过“The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smart phone posture“可推断出，作者想要说明社交媒体有它不好的一面。分析选项可知，选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。由本段的内容“The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when its in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine(脊椎)；a 30 degree neck bend could equal(等于) 40 pounds of pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds”，可推断出你的脖子越弯曲，你的头就会越重，脊柱承受的压力就越大。分析选项可知，选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。这篇文章主要讲了现代社会，由于人们长时间盯着手机屏幕，给健康埋下了隐患，并且指出你的脖子越弯曲，你的头就会越重，脊柱承受的压力就越大。正确的姿势是让颈部和肩膀成一条直线。所以这篇文章最可能来自于一份健康报告，选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Its important to learn how we can protect the environment. Here are 5R rules for us.Reduce. If you want to reduce waste, you should use things more wisely._11_ If everyone uses paper carelessly, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people dont know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the amount of waste we produce.Reuse. You should always think of reusing things before throwing them out. For example,_12_. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.Recycle. Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so we can save lots of time and money. For example,_13_. The metal can be used to make new coke cans.Recover._14_. You have two choices: one is to throw the apples away, the second is to throw the rotten ones and keep the good ones. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.Repair. If one of the legs of your table is broken, you should repair it. If you want to buy something newer and better, it is better for you to sell the old table, or _15_Learn the rules to protect our environment. Lets try our best to make the earth cleaner and more beautiful.A. give the clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor.B. coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat and melted.C. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper.D. Trees are planted every year.E. give it to people who can use it after repairing it.F. dont throw it away if you can use it.G. When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten ones.【答案】11. C 12. A 13. B 14. G 15. E【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。文章讲述了5条能够保护环境，节约资源的措施。号召我们行动起来保护环境。【11题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。下句“人们如果不合理利用纸张，很快就会没有树”，可知，人们砍伐大量的树木造纸。分析选项可知C项（大量的树木被砍伐用来造纸。）符合题意。故选C。【12题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的大意为“重复利用”，上句说“在把东西扔掉之前，你应该考虑重复用它们”，下一句说的是衣服的重复使用。分析选项可知，A项说的也是衣服的重复使用，符合本段的主题。故选A。【13题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的小标题为“回收利用”。空格的上句提到了瓶子、易拉罐等的容易回收利用，可节约时间和金钱。空格前是举例，应该与重复利用相关。B项（可乐罐被送到一家工厂，在那里被粉碎、熔化），提到可乐罐的重复利用，符合语境，故选B。【14题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本文的中心为“recover”。下文说的是一箱苹果，坏了一些后应该如何处理。看选项，可知G项中的“a few rotten ones”与下句中的“a few rotten ones”相响应，也是词的复现。故选G。【15题详解】考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心为“修复”。空格前说“如果你桌子的一条腿坏了，你应该把它修好。如果你想买一些更新更好的东西，最好把旧桌子卖掉”。当然也可以把它“修理后交给能用的人”。分析选项可知E项符合题意，故选E。【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做： （1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。阅读首段可知，本文主要叙述5条能够保护环境，节约资源的措施。（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第2小题，本段的大意为“重复利用”，上句说“在把东西扔掉之前，你应该考虑重用它们”，下一句说的是衣服的重复使用。分析选项可知，A项说的也是衣服的重复使用，符合本段的主题。故选A。（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，。实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第4小题，本文的中心为“recover”。下文说的是一箱苹果，坏了一些后应该如何处理。看选项，可知G项中的“a few rotten ones”与下句中的“a few rotten ones”相响应，也是词的复现。故选G。（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如第3小题，利用for example，可知是对上文回收利用的一个例子。分析选项可知，B项（可乐罐被送到一家工厂，在那里被粉碎、熔化），提到可乐罐的重复利用，故选B。最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。The day when I would go off to college was around the corner.Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board(烫衣板) and said，“Pay attention: Im going to teach you to iron.”Mom clearly explained her _16_ for this lesson.I was going to be _17_ and needed to learn this _18_ skill.Also，I would be meeting new people，and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good _19_.“Learn to iron a shirt，” Mom said，“and you can iron _20_.”But ironing shirts was not _21_ work.It didnt make use _22_long muscles we used to throw a baseball，and it wasnt a _23_ operation like iceskating.Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop _24_ every 10 feet. Whats more，an iron produced steam and it carried a possibility of _25_.If you touched the wrong part of it，youd get _26_.If you forgot to turn it off when you _27_，you might burn down the house.As for technique，Mom _28_ me to begin it, _29_ sounded easy but skilful .Mom said it looked very simple ,but you must do it with your_30_ .Over the years，Ive learned to iron shirts skillfully，which gives me a sense of _31_._32_ failures I suffer in my life，an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. _33_，through ironing Ive learned how to find out the _34_ to working out even the most troublesome problems.“_35_ wrinkles one at a time，” as Mom might have said，“and before long everything will get ironed out.”16. A. emotionsB. rulesC. reasonsD. methods17. A. helpfulB. confidentC. powerfulD. independent18. A. patientB. necessaryC. energeticD. frightening19. A. conclusionB. suggestionC. impressionD. observation20. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. none21. A. usefulB. easyC. specialD. suitable22. A. ofB. inC. forD. from23. A. directB. singleC. smoothD. strange24. A. advertisementB. signC. symbolD. mark25. A. doubtB. pressureC. surpriseD. danger26. A. burntB. warmC. excitedD. ill27. A. jumped offB. fell downC. went awayD. set sail28. A. taughtB. choseC. forcedD. persuaded29. A. whoB. itC. thatD. which30. A. attractionB. designC. intelligenceD. strength31. A. honestyB. freedomC. justiceD. pride32. A. WhicheverB. WhoeverC. WhereverD. Whatever33. A. InsteadB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. However34. A. collectionB. lessonC. wayD. solution35. A. Make upB. Deal withC. Ask forD. Rely on【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己在上大学前的暑假，母亲教会作者自己熨烫衣服的技巧。母亲认为作者将要独立并且需要学会这个必要的技能。通过熨烫衣服，作者也学会了解决生活中最棘手问题的方法。【16题详解】考查名词词义及语境理解。A. emotions情感；B. rules规则；C. reasons原因；D. methods方法。“the reason for”为固定，意为“的原因”。此处是指“妈妈清楚地解释了上这一课（指学会烫衣服）的原因”。故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。A. helpful有帮助的；B. confident自信的；C. powerful强有力的；D. independent独立的。这里指母亲认为我将要独立（independent）并且需要学会这个技能。故选D。【18题详解】考查形容词词义及语境理解。A. patient有耐心的；B. necessary必要的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. frightening令人害怕的。根据空后的内容可知，妈妈认为我以后会结交新朋友，穿着熨烫的得体的衣服会让他给人好的印象，由此可知，熨烫衣服是一个必要的（necessary）技能。故选B。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析及固定搭配。A. conclusion结论；B. suggestion 建议；C. impression印象；D. observation观察。短语“make a good impression”为固定搭配，意为“留下好印象”。这里指正确的烫好的衣服将会帮助作者给他人留下好的印象。故选C。20题详解】考查不定代词辨析 A. anything任何东西；B. something某些东西；C. nothing什么没有；D. none没有一个。根据语境可知，此处是指妈妈说“学会熨烫衬衫，你就可以熨烫任何东西（anything）”。故选A。【21题详解】考查形容词词义及上下文连串。A. useful有用的；B. easy容易的；C. special特别的；D. suitable合适的。根据后文的种种描述可以得知：烫衬衫不是一件很