研究生英语阅读教程翻译.doc

Unit One1. Let us reflect and we shall see that there is great reason to hope that death is a good, for one of two things-either death is a state of nothingness and utter unconsciousness, or, as men say, there is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another.或者我们换个角度考虑这个问题，我们会看到有很充分的理由让我们相信死亡是很好的事情，因为死亡无非是两种可能情况之一：或者他就是空空的一无所有也一无所知，或者，他就是象人们说的，是灵魂的一种迁移，从这个世界，到另外一个世界。 2. I shall then be able to continue my search into true and false knowledge; as in this world, so also in the next; and I shall find out who is wise, and who pretends to be wise, and who is not.最重要的是，在那儿我可以继续我对真实和虚假知识的研究，就象在这个世界上一样，在那个世界也可以这么去做，我会辨别谁是真正聪明的，谁只是装作聪明而实际上是个笨蛋。jurisprudential: a.法理学的jurisprudence: n.法学,法理学jurisprudent: n. 法理学家; a. 精通法律的Cf. juristic; juryprosecute: v. 1) 对起诉 2)彻底进行,执行eg. prosecute an investigation3) 从事, 经营 eg. prosecute a tradeprosecutor :原告, 起诉人persecute: v.(尤指由于政治,宗教信仰不同) 迫害,残害abide: v. (古)逗留, 住; 遵守 abide byeg. abide by discipline abide by consequencesE-C毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。当我们出席最后的审判时，记录天使诵读出所罗列的我们的罪孽，我们作了忏悔并请求宽恕，这样大概会被给予辩白(这个词的老义)和表示歉意(它的新义)的机会。在今生中，道歉(新义)是桩对的事， 但是要做到及时、要心甘情愿、要完完全全、要诚心诚意。如果过错是看法上的事， 并且错不当罚， 那最好不过说一声 “对不起”就成了一个显示大度的机会，可赞可叹，众人之楷模也。而被迫去道歉，那可就难受了。此外，随时准备好一句道歉的话，是一种高尚行为，特别是在没有必要道歉时而道歉，更显示出一个绅士的特质。道歉与报复相对。培根有云:“夫图报复焉，汝与汝仇等：苟汝恕之，则汝优於汝仇焉；盖宽恕也，王者之风也。” 由是，谁把“对不起”常挂在嘴边，谁就在道义上掌握了主动。C-ESometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career. Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward others needs, to take criticism well. People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes, and take their share of blame, which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error. Thats why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off. Sensitive in their dealings with others, they are well liked everywhere. People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism. When confronted with a mistake, they let their ego get in the way. They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as “prickly”.Unit ThreeLanguage Pointsaccount for: explain the cause of说明(原因等), 是的原因Eg. His neglect of duty accounts for the delay of the train.Observe: 1)say by way of commentEg. He observed to me that our work was very well done.2) followEg. observe the rules and regulations3) celebrateEg. We can learn about American culture when we study how they observe holidays.4) watch carefullyStumble on/across: find unexpectedly or by chanceEg. The lawyer stumbled on an evidence in his favor.Stumble over: 绊跌,绊倒Stumble over ones words结结巴巴Come on: 1)meet or see by chance2) (想法等)突然产生An idea came upon him.3) come upon sb. for sth.向某人要求某物E-C飞机划着柔和的弧线最终降落到香港国际机场。俯瞰，维多利亚港，无数的船只演奏着无声的旋律。眺望，依山而立令人叹为观止的城市风景一望无际。 这不是一个普通的机场。这也不是一座普通的城市。 一位穿着睡衣的老人从旁边走过，手上提着一个鸟笼，一只颜色鲜艳的鸟儿在里面欢快地歌唱。上班一族聚在路边的餐馆里吃面条，喝粥，吃小虾。 一个小道观里飘出来的檀香混杂着从迪斯科厅里流出的摇滚乐有力的节奏，浑然一体。 一只渡船穿梭在附近的水面上，把乘客们带到离此处40分钟里程的一座孤岛上，岛上，寺庙和渔村交相辉映。 香港，在北回归线以南161公里处，如同东南亚的心脏时刻搏动；这里东西交融，时光汇聚。C-EShanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Huangpu River, the lowest tributary at the mouth of the Yangtze. The main city sits astride the Huangpu, only fifteen kilometers to the east coast. Shanghai was born to the world as a cosmopolitan city in 1842 when a British ship, slipping unnoticed into the mouth of the Yangtze River, reduced the Wusong Fort and took the city without a fight. On the muddy west bank of the Huangpu, the English first built sheds for their goods. Thereafter, came other traders: Americans, Germans, French, Russians and Japanese. All of them were avid for Chinese trade and Chinese gold. In less than a hundred years, Shanghai, teeming with factories, shops, banks, night clubs, race-courses and casinos, became the place for foreigners to seek adventure and romance in China.Unit FiveE-C每一个成功的工商企业都是建立在一些卓越的意识之上的，即懂得审时度势，抓住机遇，承担责任，并不乏幽默感。但这一切都没有比对市场的感知能力更重要。高级管理人员的一个非常重要的本事是能很自然地设身处地为客户着想，并从他们的那里获得真知灼见。他们利用这种能力来指导技术、产品和售后服务，乃至公司战略计划的各个方面。比尔盖茨之类的成功者就曾把这种本事带进他们各自创立的企业中。没有这种能力，他们的事业或许只是昙花一现，至少没有像今天这样成功。关注客户，并不是什么新鲜理念。但是许多高层经理，特别是工业公司的高层经理，把与顾客接触看成是销售和市场营销人员的事。即便他们确实也认为市场是公司的重心，但随着公司的发展，他们中大多数人也只与消费者保持十分有限的接触而已。他们判断和把握市场，依赖于下属送来的报告，即二手、三手的材料。 C-ECorporate culture is a form of ideal, which is based on the value system of an enterprise and closely related to the management philosophy as well as the management behavior of the enterprise. It is where the kernel of business management lies. In the narrow sense, it refers to some fundamental spirit and agglomerating force that come into being in the production and management practices of an enterprise, as well as the common values and norms of behavior shared by the whole staff. In the broad sense, corporate culture also includes the culture of specific personnel in the enterprise, namely, the cultural psychological structure and the cultural quality of the executives of the enterprise as well as the cultural behavior of the staff members.As an economic entity, the task of an enterprise is definite, that is, to produce more and better products, to create wealth for the society. What an enterprise is engaged in is kind of economic activity. But in the meantime, an enterprise is also an organization and a collectivity of all kinds of human beings. Here human beings are regarded as a kind of social animals. It is necessary for a kind of culture to normalize and regulate their behaviors. We should not regard entrepreneurial production as sheer mechanical operation and material change, regard it as a kind of social activity or the activity that the social beings of humans are engaged in. This is the starting point for us to understand and know about entrepreneurial culture. Unit 8Language Points1. stay put: stay in place, not leave停留在原处,固定在某处Eg. Harrys father told him to stay put until he came back. I cant get the door to stay put.2. commitmentCommit: v. 1) commit oneself to:make oneself responsible for, undertakeEg. We have committed ourselves to helping them.2) commit sb./sth. to: entrust sb. with sth.Eg. He was soon committed to an insane asylum.3) perform ( a crime, a foolish action)Eg. He felt he has committed a discourtesy.3. draw upon/on: 1)make use ofEg. I shall have to draw upon the money Ive saved. This book draws heavily upon your mathematics. A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.2) come nearEg. Winter is drawing on.Cf. draw in: 吸收, 卷进来Eg. The play is drawing in a large crowd every night.4. not so muchas: less than与其说到不如说Eg. The fault lies not so much with the young people as with the society. He is not so much a writer as a poet=He is less a writer than a poet=He is more a poet than a writer5. subject to: 1) ruled by, under the government or control of, in the power ofEg. The principal and the teachers of a school are subject to the school board.2) liable, likely to get or have:易受的, 常遭受到, 易患的Eg. Jane is in poor health and is subject to colds.3) depending on some change, happening or need有待于的, 须经的, 可以的,以为条件Eg. The company and the union agreed that the workers wages should be subject to changes in the cost of living. The arrangement is made subject to your approval.6. take up: 1) occupy占去(时间或空间)Eg. All the time of the meeting was taken up with the discussion of three items, with the result that the rest had to be deferred.2) assume a position, office, attitude开始从事某工作Eg. I must take up my new post on October 1st.3) begin, start开始(某项活动或爱好)Eg. The teacher took up the lesson where she left off yesterday.E-C我初次看到他时，就被其深邃的目光打动。那是一双忧郁的眼睛，给人一种悲伤、梦幻、和神秘的感觉。透过这双眼睛，你可以窥到他的内心深处。很快，我们就相熟起来；我发现，他对周围任何一个细节都有浓厚的兴趣，即便是轻声细语，也能在瞬间触动他。不久，我们之间就产生了友情，经常在一起散步。他不说话，唯有通过他的一举一动，你才能发现他沉浸于乡间漫步的美妙和自由，葱郁的草地和潺潺的溪水让他格外兴奋。 看到他高兴的样子，看到他沉醉于友情，看到他因为有人陪伴而开心不已，我发现自己也被他的情绪感染，产生了一种无比愉快的感觉。C-EGive-and-take takes place all the time in the whole course of our lives.Five-year-old children exchange lollipops of different flavor.“Mine has grape flavor. What about yours?”“Strawberry. I do like to have a taste of a grape-flavored lollipop.”“Ok, lets exchange.”Thats what innocent children of five do. What they give each other is not just different-flavored lollipop, but also the kind of friendship characteristic of childhood.At 25, it is the marriage rings of the same style that are exchanged. “Do you like to take her as your legally-wedded wife and to have and hold from this day forward, for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death you do part?”“Yes, I do.”“Do you like to take him as your legally-wedded husband and to have and hold?”“Yes, I do.”People of twenty-five start to shoulder responsibilities at this age. What they exchange on the wedding ceremony is not just the most heart-felt, enduring love, but also the commitment and conviction to spend their lives together unto their very end.Unit 91. dug-out: 挖空 dig-dug-dug2. canoe:(体长头尖的)小划子，独木舟 dug-out canoe:指树干挖空作船体的独木舟。3. overriding:压倒一切的，首要的 override (overrode-overridden): v. 制服，压倒；奔越过；践踏过；使无效Eg. an overriding task override a veto 使否决无效4. feast: v. 1) 盛宴款待2) 使得到享受Eg. feast ones eyes on the wonderful performance尽情欣赏精彩表演n.盛宴，筵席5. anarchic: adj. 无政府主义的；混乱的anarchy: n.无政府状态；混乱；无秩序anarchism：n.无政府主义 anarchist: n.无政府主义者6. ubiquitous: adj. 普遍存在的, 无处不在的ubiquity: n.普遍存在7. cornucopia: 象征丰饶的羊角，象征(丰饶的)羊角画(或雕刻)8. scavenge: v. 1)清除污物，垃圾2) (从丢弃物中)寻找(可用之物)9.undermine: v. 1) 在下面挖坑道，削弱的基础2)暗中破坏，逐渐损害10. mistakefor把错认/当成Eg. He mistook me for my brother.11. scour: v. 1)走遍(某地)搜索Eg. Scour the forest for the robberScour the library for references2) 急速穿行，追寻Eg. Scour over hillside for game12. bombard: v. 炮击，轰炸；(喻)痛斥，攻击13. swell (swelled-swollen):v.1)膨胀，肿胀 2）(土地)隆起，(河水)上涨 Eg. The river has swollen with melted snow.雪融河涨 E-C“高速公路”这个词是这种现象的一个误导名称。这条“高速公路”与其说是一个静态的网络，不如说是一个社会和商业的环境。该“高速公路”由网络和计算机资源组成，但更重要的是，它定义了一个人与人、组织与组织之间相互作用和联系的新环境。正是由于这些原因，建立这种“高速公路”需要协同合作的力量，而不是过去传统的那种服务提供商用户模式。基于这些概念，信息高速公路可以定义为：“一种不受地理位置制约的用户环境，它使用高速网络和计算机进行多媒体通讯”。这种虚拟环境使得用户第一次可以通过同时使用语音、视频、图象和数据，以近乎真实的方式相互交流。这种环境综合了三种快速发展的技术而建立。它们是：传输，交换和压缩。C-EInternet, originally established as an experimental network for the U.S. Defense department, now spans more than 20 million computers worldwide, with an estimated 500,000 increase every year. It offers electronic mail, thousands of bulletin board-type news-groups and a variety of database services. The electronic mail allows you to encapsulate your greetings with video images and sound as well as data. More importantly, it enhances collaborative working through an information-rich exchange of data. Unit 12E-C无论是小说或是音乐，最基础的东西在于韵律。你的风格需要有优良、自然且持续的律动，否则人们不会持续地想要阅读你的作品。我从音乐主要是爵士乐中认识韵律的重要性。接下来的旋律-在文学上的形式代表着将我们的语言加以适当的组织实现韵律的契合。如果文字与韵律的契合平滑而优美，你将别无所求。接下来的和声-心灵内部的声响，作为支持语言的效用。接下来就是我最喜欢的部分：自由即兴创作。通过一些特别的途径，一个故事可以从内在无拘地延展。 所有我写作的小说均依照这种流程发展。最终这项可能是最重要的事情：你所完成一项作品的经验-在于你的表现，以及可以感受到当你实现此等创作高度的历程是崭新且有意义的。假如这一切发展良好，你有机会与你的读者(你的听众)分享这等高度下的自我认知。这是一种唯有这种方式可以满足的非凡顶点。 C-EThe turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music. My parents, although sympathetic, and sharing my love of music, disapproved of it as a profession. This was understandable in view of the family background. My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and, though much beloved and respected in the community, earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay. As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards. My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music, and to college I went quite happily, as I remember, for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing, I had many other interests. Before my graduation form Columbia, the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job. Thus was I launched upon a business career which I always think of as the wasted years. Unit 141. apprenticeship serve ones with sb. 做某人学徒 serve out ones 学徒期满, 出师2. mentor 贤明和忠实的顾问或良师, 导师, 指导者3. not nearly - 绝不, 相差甚远, 远非4. ethical standard - 道德规范5. consult about the matter 商议此事6. consult with counsel 与法律顾问商议7. consult for a large building firm为大型建筑公司做咨询工作8. empower sb. to do sth. - 授权某人做某事9. innovate - v.tr. to begin or introduce (something new) for or as if for the first time 革新：第一次或好象第一次开始或介绍（新东西） r. to begin or introduce something new 创新：开始或介绍新东西E-C科学这个词似乎具有某种魅力。它一旦被提出，就应该立即得到认可，而不允许有任何可能的讨论。 这种需要人们立即认可的情况出现在广告中，但是基本上不和情理。要知道，科学不是一种信条，也不是神灵向人类的揭示物。它是人类思维的产物，因此是可以讨论和修正的。科学绝无绝对真理，通常只有相对性。它以人的观察和经验为基础，对人类知识进行逻辑性的总结，然而人的观察和经验总是有限的而且缺少一定的精确性。至于那些用来对经验事实进行归类的逻辑则完全是我们大脑的产物。我们选择我们认为有着逻辑联系的实验结果，而忽略许多不符合我们自己“逻辑”的事实。这种相当人为的选择结果是我们自己的事情。对此，我们非常得意，以至于主张这些人为选择的结果应该被当做“自然规律”来对待。C-EA branch of science deals with a class of things, the changes in the members of the class, and the relations between these members. Thus the ideal form of a natural science is the same as that of mathematics. The objective in a natural science is to discover relations which assert that when an event P is present in a situation, then the event Q is also present. As a branch of science advances from a descriptive and qualitative stage to one where the relations can be expressed in a quantitative and explanatory manner, the science assumes a mathematical form. Astronomy at one time was a descriptive science, but the work of Kepler and Newton established the foundations, by means of which the laws of the motions of the heavenly bodies could be expressed mathematically. It is in this sense that mathematics is sometimes called the language of science. The hypothetical propositions of mathematics are called into play when the generalizations of science take on a quantitative form and frequently suggest new experiments; while, on the other hand, complexities in observed data of science stimulate the development of mathematics and broad