石油工程科技英语写作.docx

石油工程科技英语写作Title1. An analysis of a new production method and its effect on oil recovery2. Analysis of production history for unconventional gas reservoir with statistic3. Experiments/Theoretical study of in with method4. Simulation (study) of in with method5. A (new) analytical solution of in with 6.New and improved methods for analysis in .7.Numerical-Simulationinvestigation of the effect of on in .8.Influence of on the prediction / performance of 9.Field application of approach for .10. Successful application of approach /method/technique for11.A statistical/well test/experimental/theoretical/numerical analysis case study/feasibility study/sensitivity study.Abstract常用句式一、重要性1. _are useful in _ because_2. _is an undeniable demand in _3. _is one of the most effective tools for _4. Nowadays _plays an important role in _5._have/has a significant impact on _6. Most _of _in _are based on the _ approach, which use _function.7. _are essential in _8. _is commonly applied in_9. A great deal of attention is paid to_10. _has long been regarded as one of the base tools of_11. _is one of the most _ for _ in _12. _provides powerful tools for _13. _is critical_14. _are widely used _ applied to _15. Horizontal wells have been known to reduce the water coning today.二、转折、引出1. Although various techniques have been proposed for _, one needs to be aware of strengths and weakness of each techniques attempting to apply(use) them.2. However, _is too _ (expensive/complicate)to _be used in (applied to) _3. However, _is not capable of solving the problem of _4. However, if _the approaches are most suitable for _.5. Failure to do _can lead to a significant error in the calculation of _6. However, the principal drawback in attempting to use _to describe the _ is that _ the pressure for which the equation is applicable is still far below the normal range of reservoirprocession.7. Use of _, would produce an error of _in calculated oil production rates.8. _is valid in the pressure range between 20003000psi. But it is less acceptable at pressure range between 40005000psi.9. _ assumes that _ and neglects the effect of _.10. The existing methods for _ are restricted by assumptions of _, They are not suitable for _.11. However, _ may not be directly applicable to any real porous media due to _.12. Even though numerous studies had been focused on _, to our best knowledge none of them considers the effect of _.13. But the effect of _ on _ is not presented in existing correlation. Therefore, it cannot be applied in _.14. However sometimes it is not economically viable to _ by _.15. It is noted that these methods have their own limitation _. Thus their reliabilities cannot be guaranteed.16. But when it comes to _, they cannot be applied.三、引出论题的常用表达1. Therefore this is turn yields more-accurate results, compared with that of _.2.To tackle the problem, .处理3.This paper extends the concept to application.4.Morereliable equationshave been derived in this study.5.It is, thereforeimportant to enable a reliable model to be built.6.Therefore new method needs to be found. 7.Therefore more accurate solution/experiment can be obtained using method.8.The correlation is valid to predict .9. can beused to account for 10.offers a new approach to .Literature review主动：1.(somebody)derived (something).某人推导了2. develope a theory/expression/corrlation .3. applied method to (什么范围)。把方法应用到4.used method to solve .5. claimed .某人宣称发明了6. extended to (新范围) .被动：1.(something) interducedby (somebody) .2.(something) presented/proposed/solved by . .3. assumption made by .（assumption made是固定用法）实验类：1. observed that .发现了实验现象2. found that .3. applied (原来) experiments to (新范围).某人将某一实验方法应用于4. reported form their experiments that .5.evaluated result of .6. patented a (技术) .(technique)7. conducted experimental/theoretical study. 进行了实验/理论研究8. includes the effect of .9. investigated the mechanism of .10. conducted that .11. studied .12. evaluated performance.13. recommended that . 建议14. was the first to consider to the effect of .15. performed studies.16. reported failed application.17. analyzed using method.关于解析解method: mathematical model /assumption1. model2. boundary condition3. assumption4. equation(s)图：1. Fig. _ illustrates a model of _ 2. The _ model is illustrated in Fig. _3. The well is located/placed at the top of the reservoir.At a distance _ away from the top of the reservoir.As shown in Fig._ , the reservoir contains _ horizontal/vertical wells.the drainage volume has a heighth, length a and width b .边界条件Transient condition瞬态条件Boundary conditionSemi-steady state condition拟稳定条件Steady state condition稳定条件The boundary effect is not be felt and the reservoir is considered to be infinite. (infinite acting reservoir)考虑到无限大油藏，边界条件无影响。The reservoir has a completely open outer boundary. The region for flow is bounded by _ above/below. 上下边界Assumptions假设条件:The major assumptions and approximations are as follows:主要假设和近似如下：1. _2. _3. _The assumptions are made in deriving the _ equation are _1. The reservoir is homogenous and isotropic/anisotropic.油藏均质，各向同性/各向异性。2. Fluids are immiscible and incompressible. 流体不混溶，不可压缩。3. The fluid has a constant viscosity , a small and constant compressibility. 流体粘度恒定,有较小的恒定的压缩性。4. There is a sharp interface between the water and oil-the transition zone/capillary pressure transition zone is neglected.油水界面明显，忽略过渡带（毛管压力过渡带）。5. The end-point values of relative permeability are used.使用相渗曲线上的端点值。作者排序：1. alphabetically2. head of laboratory terminal spot -prestige3. in order of importance Numerical Modeling数值模型numerical model schematics 数值模型的图1. The numerical model is a black oil model developed by CMG.2. A well is located3. The grid block size is _ at vertical direction.4. The grid block size is _ at horizontal direction.5. with 1000 blocks vertically/horizontally.6. The vertical/horizontal grid size is _.Boundary condition边界条件1. The model has a constant potential outer boundary obtained by attaching a infinitely large aquifer.模型存在一个由无限大蓄水层提供的恒定的潜在的外边界条件。2. The rock and fluid properties are listed in table _. 岩石和流体的物性参数列于表实验类provide enough detail, can repeat the experiment.The model was _wide, _high, _ thicks with five side made of _.Results and Discussion illustrations. clarification/simplificationphotos照片graphs : x-y plot, semi-log plot, log-log plotline art :chart: pie, bar/ histograms扇形图，柱状图/直方图tablestructure map 构造图 cross-section剖面图productionrecoverytemperaturewater cutproduction profile/historycooling profile for sampletemperature as a function of timeLocation of fieldprocess flow diagram for the systemmeasured datamodel(simulation)distribution of .modeling pressure responsepressure as a function of time, history mathPressureRwReRwRe1-SorSwcpressure distribution as a function of distance between=pressure profile betweenwater saturation distribution as a function of distance between=water saturation profile between关于公式1. The pressure can be defined by the equation2. The pressure at any depth can be calculated as p=0.35D+14.73. The pressure can be determined using equation4. p=0.35D+14.7 expressed as equationPV=ZnRT(1.1) (1.2)Solving equation 1.1 for V gives 从公式1.1中解出公式1.2 (1.3)The derivative of which 1.2 with respect to pressure is 1.3.公式1.2对P求导得公式1.3。 (1.4)and substituting these two expression (1.2,1.3) in equation(1.4) gives/becomes:The relation between Bgand E is The equation for C is derived as C由下式推导而得到ei(x) can be approximated as ei(x)近似等于/约等于which can be rearranged as Discussion:RwReThe pressure increase logarithmically with respect to the radius/distance shown in Fig._.The pressure drop is much more severe close to the well than towards the outer boundary.PressureTThe viscosity can be reduced by increasing the temperatureThere is a initial surge in the production followed by a steady decline as the temperature is reduced.The steam soak production rate in comparison to the unstimulated rate is shown in Fig._.When the production rate declines towards the unstimulated rate, the cycle is repeated.Oil RateTimeThe linear extrapolation of this line to t=0 gives the value of p=3000psi.直线外推到t=0时得到p=3000psip=3000psiTimePressurea