初三英语 形容词专题.doc

中国教育培训领军品牌环 球 雅 思 教 育 学 科 教 师 讲 义讲义编号： 副校长/组长签字： 签字日期： 学 员 编 号 ：GE-LH1410555 年 级 ： 初三 课 时 数 ：3学 员 姓 名 ：刘锦博 辅 导 科 目 ： 英语 学 科 教 师 ：赵文丽课 题 形容词 专题课 型 预习课 同步课 复习课 习题课课 次2授课日期及时段 2014 年 12 月 27 日 8 ：00 10 ：00 am. A段教 学 目 的1） 了解形容词的考点范围2） 掌握形容词的三级用法、含有形容词的固定短语及常用句型和常见形容词辨析重 难 点形容词的三级用法、含有形容词的固定短语及常用句型和常见形容词辨析教 学 内 容 【基础知识网络总结与巩固】【课前测试】 1. We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so _. A. well B. nice C. wonderfully D. nicely2. The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet gets us _. A. less B. more C. closer D. farther3. We dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be. A. as heavy as B. not as heavy as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as4. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes. We were all _ about the _ match. A. exciting; excited B. exciting; exciting C. excited; excited D. excited; exciting5. -What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? -I think its _, but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful; bored6. -How _ the medicine tastes! -Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it. A. terrible B. Delicious C. sweet D. nice7. _ we plant, _ our city will be. A. The more trees; the beautiful B. The less trees; the more beautiful C. The more trees; the more beautiful D. The less trees; the beautiful8. -Hi, Kate. You are riding a bike today. -Yes. Driving a car to school every day makes me much _. A. fat B. fatter C. thin D. thinner9. Papermaking is _ of ancient China. A. one of greatest inventor B. one of the greatest inventors C. one of greatest invention D. one of the greatest inventions10. -Im sure I will get good grades in the graduation exam. -If so, I believe your parents will _ the result. A. be satisfied with B. be angry about C. be bored of D. be worried about【考点直击】 在历年的中考试题中，形容词是重要的考点之一。通过对历年中考的试题分析，预计今年后几年考查形容词 时，主要会考查形容词的比较等级(55)、同义近义形容词的辨析(25)、形容词的位置(10)、含有形容词的一些特殊句型和固定短语(10)等。预计形容词的考查可能主要分布在单选题中，完形、词语运用题中也会出现一些。【知识网络】 定义 作定语 作表语 功能 作宾补 作状语 作主语或宾语 位于名词前 位置 后置情况 多个形容词的排列顺序 比较级/最高级的构成：规则变化/不规则变化 形 形容词 as+原级+as 原级 not as/so+原级+as 容 比较级+than 三级 比较级中的the 词 用法 形容词 比较级+and+比较级 比较级 the比较级, the另一比较级 可修饰比较级的词 最高级的用法 形容词 可修饰最高级的词 最高级 比较级与最高级之间的转化 常见易混形容词辨析 含有形容词的固定短语和常用句型一、形容词的定义 a pretty boy an ugly beast a black box 用以修饰名词，表示人或事物特征的词称为形容词。2、 形容词的功能 There are many colorful butterflies around her.(定语) Mother looked happy when she received our presents.(表语) You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercise.(宾补) The girl went to school, cold and hungry.(作状语) The rich should help the poor.(the+形容词表示一类人或物，可以用作主语或宾语) 常见的联系动词： 表状态的be(是)：am,is, are 表变化的：become(变成), grow(成长), turn(成为), go(变得) 表感官的：look(看起来), feel(感觉、摸起来), smell(闻起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来)3、 形容词的位置1. 位于名词前 形容词修饰名词作定语，一般置于名词前 We went to a beautiful beach.2. 后置的情况 1) 形容词修饰复合不定代词something, anything, someone, everyone等时要后置. I have something interesting to tell you. 2) 形容词与数量词连用作定语时，形容词要后置 The room is four meters long and three meters wide. 3) 形容词短语作定语时要后置 This is a lake famous for its scenery. 4) 形容词else修饰不定代词或疑问代词时要后置 Would you like something else? 5) 表语形容词alive, asleep, awake等有时也可以作定语，作定语时要后置 She was the only person awake that night. 6) 形容词enough修饰名词时， 可以前置，也可以后置 We have enough chairs for everyone. You should wear clothes enough to keep warm.3. 多个形容词的排列顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，通常的顺序为： 限定词(these, those.)+数量词+描绘性形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色)+出处+材料、性质+类别、用途 +名词。 She has beautiful long black hair.四、形容词比较等级的构成1. 规则变化 1) 一般直接加-er, -est new_ tall_ long_ 2) 不发音的e结尾时加-r, -st nice_ fine _ 3) 辅音字母加y结尾时变y为i，再加-er, -est easy_ happy_ 4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er,- est thin_ hot_ 5) 多音节词和部分双音节词，在原级前加more, most popular_ important_【小试牛刀】写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ strong _ _ big _ _ great_ _ comfortable_ _ fine _ _ clever_ _2)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good/wellmany/muchbad/illlittlefarold四、形容词原级用法1. 形容词作定语时，一般要放在名词之前或代（不定）副之后，但enough既可放在被修饰的名词前，也可放在 被修饰的名词后。 The boy is old enough to go to school. He has something interesting to tell his mother. 2. 基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。这时名词总用单数，而且这个复合形容词总是放 在被修饰的名词前，常表示时间、度量等。 Jane is a 5yearold girl. That is a three-hour drive.3. 有些形容词只能用作表语，这类表语形容词主要有afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, ill等。 -would you like to go Ren Min park with me? -Sorry, Im afraid not, I have to help my mother do housework.4. 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，常见的有friendly, lively, silly, lovely等。 Mr. Li always makes his class lively. He is friendly to all of us.5. ing形容词与ed形容词 ing形容词表示“令人的”，一般修饰事物；ed形容词表示“感到的”，多用于修饰人。中考中常见的还有： surprising令人惊讶的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interesting 有趣的 embarrassing 令人尴尬的 surprised 感到惊讶的 excited 感到兴奋的 interested 感兴趣的 embarrassed 感到尴尬的 We are deeply moved by the moving love story of Jack and Rose. We are all excited about the exciting news.6. “the形容词”表示一类人或物。 the poor the rich 7. 表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 肯定句中的结构：A.as形容词原级asB English is as important as Chinese. 否定句中的结构：A.notas/so形容词原级asB I am not so/as fast as Lucy.8. 在倍数中的用法 1)表示倍数时，常用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构. (两倍：twice；三倍以上：数字times) This table is twice as long as that one. Our school is three times as big as his. 2)表示半数时，常用“half as形容词原级as”结构. His apples are half as many as his sisters. 3)在“most+形容词原级”中, most无最高级意思, 而是表示“非常”之意, 且前无定冠词the. She is a most beautiful girl.【小试牛刀】1. -What _ (excite) news! -Yes,all of the children were _(excite).2. Helen is 15 years old and Joan is 15,too. So Helen is_ _ _Joan.3. 玛丽是一个十四岁的女孩. _5. 我们教室是你们教室的2倍大._五、形容词比较级用法 1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A.比较级thanB” My hair is longer than yours. 2)比较级前可以用a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等来修饰，以加强语气 It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin in winter. 3)表示“越来越”，用“比较级and比较级”结构，但多音节形容词表示“越来越”时，用“more and more形 容词原级” Its getting warmer and warmer in spring. Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 4)表示“越, 就越”时，用“the比较级, the比较级”结构 The harder you work, the more you will get. 5)表示 “比其他任何.都.”, 用“比较级+than any other+单数名词”结构。但两者进行比较，比较的双方不在同一 范围内时，不用other. He is clever than any other student in his class. Shanghai is bigger than any city in Canada. 6)表示倍数时，用“倍数比较级than”结构 Her house is twice bigger than mine. 7)表示“两者中较的”时，常用“the比较级+of the two”结构 Tom is the taller of the two boys. 8)比较级前用 “数词+名词”表示确定的度量 Tom is two years older than I. 9)表示两者之间进行选择，用“Which/Who is比较级, A or B?”结构. Which book is newer, this one or that one?【小试牛刀】1. Her mother is getting _(fat)and _(fat). 2. He comes to school much _(early) than I.3. The _(much),the_(good). 4. Sue is a little_(beautiful) than her sister5. Your classroom is _(wide)and_(bright)than ours. 6. New York is one of_(large) cities in the world.六、形容词最高级用法 1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个 in/of短语来表示范围，其结构为 “the+最高级+of/ in.”. He is the youngest in our class. Marys handwriting is the best of the three girls. 2)表示“哪一个最.”时，用“Which/Who/What is the最高级，A, B or C?”结构 What is the biggest animal on land? Who is the tallest, Mary, Nancy or Lily? 3)表示“最之一”时, 用“one of the最高级+复数名词”结构. The pen is one of the most beautiful pens. 4)形容词最高级前加序数词表示“第.最的”. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5)形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不再加定冠词the Tomorrow will be my busiest day. 6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.= Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.= Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.【小试牛刀】1. Which is_(interesting), science, maths or English? 2. The Changjiang River is the_(long)river in China.3.Kather is _(lazy) girl in our dorm. 4. 约翰比班上其他的男生都高._5.这是我最好的朋友._七、含有形容词的固定短语及常用句型1. 固定短语 1) be+形容词+at be good at 擅长. be surprised at对.感到吃惊 be angry at 对.生气 be poor/bad at 不擅长. 2) be+形容词+about be worried about对.担心 be sorry about 对.感到遗憾 be careful about 对.小心 be nervous about对.感到紧张 3）be+形容词+forbe famous for因.而出名 be ready for为.做准备 be good for 对.有好处 be bad for对.有坏处 be known for因.而著名 be sorry for 为.感到抱歉 4）be+形容词+inbe interested in对.感兴趣 be poor/week in在.方面差 be strict in对.严格 5）be+形容词+ofbe afraid of害怕. be full of充满. be fond of喜欢. be proud of对.感到自豪 be tired of对.感到厌烦 be short of缺少. be sure of对.有把握 6）be+形容词+tobe kind to对.和蔼 be nice/friendly to对.友好 be polite to对.有礼貌 7）be+形容词+withbe angry with对.生气 be strict with对.严格 be busy with 忙于. be patient with对.有耐心 be popular with受.欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对.感到满意2. 常用句型 1）Its+形容词+of+sb.+to不定式此句型表示“某人做某事是.的”, 常用于此句型的形容词有kind, nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, right, wrong等.Its very kind of you to help me learn English. Its very clever of you to work out this problem. 2) Its+形容词+for+sb.+to不定式此句型表示“做某事对某人来说是.的”, 也可以用 “Its+形容词+that从句”表示此意, 常用于此句型的形容词有difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, impossible, necessary等. 3) sb. is+形容词+to不定式 此句型表示“某人做.是.的”, 用于此句型的形容词是glad, pleased, happy, sorry, sad等表示情绪的形容词. Im glad to receive your letter again. Im sorry to bring you so much trouble.8、 常见形容词辨析1. good, fine, nice, well good 通用词，可以表示各种品质方面的优异 Its an old film, but its very good. fine 表示上好的，精细的；也可表示健康的，天气晴朗的 This is a fine watch. Its a fine day today. nice 表示使人感到愉快的、好的 She is a very nice girl. well 表示身体好 -How are you? -Quite well, thank you.2. alone, lonely alone 作形容词，意为单独的，独一无二的，只做表语 He was alone in the house. lonely 作形容词，意为孤单的，寂寞的，可以做表语，也可做名词的定语 When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely. The old man lives a lonely life in a cottage.3. interested, interesting interested 多用于修饰人，常用于be interested in中，表示某人对某事感兴趣 I am only interested in English. interesting 多用于修饰物，表示事物本身是有趣的 I have many interesting storybooks.4. excited, exciting(同上解释） Did you see the exciting movie? We all get excited about the good news.5. ill, sick ill 表语形容词，常作表语 His mother is ill, so he has to stay at home. sick 既可作表语，又可作定语 Although he was ill, he went to work. He is looking after the sick.6. big, large, great, huge huge 强调尺寸、体积“庞大” They have a huge mouth and can eat fish as big as themselves. large 侧重表示三维量值，强调体积；修饰人时，指个子大；亦可表示范围、能力、数量方面的大. Do you want the large size, or the small size? big 可表体积大，但不同于large，它有此外其它的意思. a large box(只表示大) a big box(表示大而重) great 它有令人感到惊奇甚至惊诧的感觉，有时表示给人以敬畏的印象, 意为伟大 He is a great musician. 7. pleased, pleasant pleased 常作表语，意为高兴的，喜欢的，相当于happy/glad. 词组be pleased with 对.感到满意 Im pleased to see you again. My father was pleased with my success. pleasant 常作定语或表语，意为令人愉快的 The flowers produce a pleasant smell.8. elder, older elder 年长的，只作定语，用来表示长幼顺序，不用于比较级 My elder brother is a doctor. older 较老的，可作定语，可作表语，亦可用于比较级 Amy is 5 years older than Mary.9. farther, further farther 表示距离 Rome is father from London than Pairs is. 罗马比巴黎离伦敦更远. further 表示程度 She wants to go abroad for a further study. 【重难点例题启发与方法总结】【真题再现】1. -Terra, you shouldnt be so _.You always leave your things here and there. -Sorry, mom.Ill put them away soon. A. terrified B. cheerful C. careless D. frightened【答案】C【解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析: terrified“恐怖的”；cheerful“振奋的”；careless“粗心的”；frightened“害怕的”。2. -Would you mind staying in such a noisy room? -No, but my son needs a _place to study in. A. cleaner B. quieter C. safer D. smaller【答案】B【解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析及比较级的用法，句意为“你介意待在一个如此吵闹的房间里 吗? ”“不，但我儿子需要一个更为安静的地方学习。”因noisy与quiet相对，故选B。3. Li Huas shoes are as_as Zhang Huis. A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest【答案】A【解析】本题考查分词形容词原级比较级as+形容词原级+as的用法。4. The actress is already 50, but she looks _than she really is. A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger【答案】D【解析】本题考查形容词比较级的用法。由than知需要使用比较级。young是普通的单音节形容词， 直接加er构成比较级形式；much可以修饰形容词的比较级，表示“得多”。故选D。5. -Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. -OK. Lets give him _to eat. A.anything different B.different anything C.something different D.different something【答案】C 【解析】形容词修饰不定代词要后置，而且此题是肯定祈使句，所以答案是C.6. -Do you like the film? -Yes, I do. In fact, Ive never seen a _one. A.good B.better C.worse D.bad【答案】B【解析】本题考查形容词比较级, 根据语境可知，此题要表达 “更好的”, 是与以前相比较，所以应 用good的比较级，故选A。7. Funtawild Adventure is very popular and _tourists visit it year by year. A.more and more B.fewer and fewer C.less and less D.more or less【答案】A【解析】由前面的“非常受欢迎”可知应是越来越多的游客参观它。“比较级and比较级”意为“越来越”。8. The more you smile, the_you will feel. A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more happily【答案】C【解析】考查形容词比较级用法中的“the比较级，the比较级”结构，表示“越越”9. -Which city has _ population, Shanghai, Hong Kong or Qingdao? -Shanghai, of course. A.the smallest B.the least C.the most D.the largest【答案】D【解析】本题考查形容词的最高级。表示人口多用large，人口少用small，故排除B、C两项；由 地理知识可知，上海、香港和青岛三个城市中，上海的人口最多，由答语“当然是上海”可知选D10. We have a lovely room. Its one of _in the hotel. A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest【答案】D【解析】本题考查形容词的最高级用法，表示 “最.之一”应用 “one of +the+形容词最高级”.【重难点关联练习巩固与方法总结】【实战演习】1. -What do you think of the car? -It looks beautiful.I like it but I cant afford it. Its _ than I expected. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive2. -We all like Miss Wang. -I agree with you. She always makes her English classes _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting3. During this years Reading Week, I read the most books in our class. No one reads _books than I. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer4. This dictionary is pretty cheap. The price of it is _ of the three. A. very low B. quite low C. the lowest D. much lower5. -Excuse me，sir. The shoes are a bit small for me. -Dont worry.Ill change them for a _ size. A. smaller B. smallest C. larger D. largest6. -I think science is more useful than art. -I disagree. I think art is _ science. A. not so useful as B. less useful than C. the most useful of D. as useful as7. Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time. A. fast B. faster C. slow D. slower8. Is Williams life style _ Davids ? A. the same B. same as C. same to D. the same as9. -Who did English homework better, Leo or Nick? -Leo was more careful.I think Leo did _ Nick. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than10. -Why dont you like winter in Beijing? -Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou. A. as cold as B. much colder than C. not so cold as D. not colder than11. -How can I get along well with others, father? -Try to smile to others, boy.That will make _ much _. A. them; easier B. them; more easy C. it; easy D. it; easier12. Im really _before the exam.(2011临沂) Take it easy.You are the best. A. surprised B. nervous C. comfortable D. confident13. -What is your favorite sport? -Swimming, I think.Its _ of all. A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring14. -Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5, Grandpa? -The programs on Channel 10 are _ better. A. more much B. the much C. more D. much15. -How about the dishes? -Fantastic! Nothing tastes _. A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse16. The tour guide has made the route for the school trip.We dont need to _ that. A. be worried about B. be afraid of C. be sorry for17. -All of us are proud of the progress hes made during the past five years. -Yes.Were sure he will be even _. A. successful B. more successful C. most successful D. successfully18. Hainan is a very