履约 论文英文版(高嵩).doc

Innovation search and rescue technology to inprove the popple,propertyenvironmental assistance in the efficiencyInnovation search and rescue technology to improve the people, property, environmental assistance in the efficiencygaosongDalian Changxing Island MSAABSTRACT: In recent years, with the establishment of market economy and the continuous development of Chinas rapid development of the shipping industry, shipping companies, a significant increase in the number of ships, port number and scale of expansion. While these developments bring so much economic benefits, but also brought many problems. For example: the emergence of a large number of individual ships, resulting in Chinas overall technical condition of the ship operating landslides, the quality of the crew; With economic development, various types of maritime activities in the increasingly frequent, making the transport process, every year a large number of maritime accidents. China as a 1978 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue a party to do a good job in their area of responsibility of the maritime search and rescue search and rescue work with our international obligations, is to ensure the safety of our peoples lives and property and promote the development of Chinas shipping industry an important guarantee. Therefore, the development and improvement of Chinas maritime search and rescue work urgently. Marine cruise with dynamic, real-time characteristics and this is a maritime search and rescue to meet the need for timely and speedy request, the establishment of a cruise on Chinas maritime search and rescue integration of the development of a far-reaching significance. Keyword:Situation analysis of search and rescue;Cruise search and rescue integration model establishedIntroduction This article analyzes and compares Chinas s and the British search and rescue current situation, summarize the following points the problem (1) Search and rescue strength system is imperfect, cannot achieve launches an attack rapidly. (2) Emergency rescue operation of the organization of coordination are not smooth.(3) Emergency rescue security (search and rescue equipment, communications, a lack of funds, resources).(4) Society of the salvage power of the lack of motivation mechanism.(5) THE person whose searching and rescuing quality have to be improved.(6) Lack of professional salvage power.(7) Lack of international cooperation and exchanges. According to the faults of Chinese maritime rescue, and the main area for search and rescue of the implementation of integrated, sum up the seven forward search and rescue skills: (1) With all kinds of sea communications equipment, communications network of the winding. (2) The relevant bodies as well as exchange, the establishment and improvement of information shared mechanism. (3) Change the status quo on duty and dynamic on standby mode. (4) Improve the hardware construction for search and rescue integration. (5) In the maritime training institutes set up institutions and training of a cruise and the knowledge and skills needed for the team of professionals. (6) Establish cruise and supervision mechanism. (7) Strengthen international exchanges and gained valuable experiences.Content1 The situation of Chinese maritime search and rescueIn 1973, according to the China national economic development and the foreign trade and, in accordance with the need of international obligations established national maritime safety command, to be responsible for the ship and aircraft maritime distress of search and rescue. This command by navy, air force, transportation, telecommunications, and department of China state oceanic administration, coastal provinces, municipality autonomous region was established corresponding provincial maritime security headquarters. Specific for: Chinas maritime safety division is Chinese maritime search and rescue and relief agencies of the command center, The port state administration of the Peoples Republic of China is the establishment of the implementation of safety supervision, shipping port, the administrative organs responsible for receiving China coastal and adjacent sea areas of Marine salvage report and the actual distress command, Chinas maritime salvage company is the professional assistance open sea state department; salvage Chinas coastal ports have coast stations and uhf wireless phone, according to the international telecommunications regulations and attendant.Along with the reform, the name and the division of labor have changed: national maritime safety command was renamed the maritime search and rescue center in China, The port state administration was renamed the maritime safety administration PRC, The two agencies in search of function without change. But Chinas maritime salvage company be restructured, salvage, salvage from the main duties, the internal institutions at the centre formal, etc. The agency established respectively for the north., east, south China sea three rescue bureau and transportation of Yan tai, Shanghai, Guangzhou salvage bureau unified vertical leadership and management.Fig 1: Search and rescue of the organization chart2 Compared with the situation of the search and rescue between China and Britain, to find the feasibility for change With the comparison of Britain maritime search and rescue system for China, the main advantage for the rescue work procedure, search and rescue work socialization, specialization, organization and coordination and strength. Mainly for:2.1 Working procedureAll the maritime search and rescue coordination centre (MRCC) are equipped with search software system, the decision to terminate MRCC from various sources of rescue operations can be this information software support, make search and rescue operations are orderly. In Britain the maritime search and rescue executes flat management, MRCC or branch according to region, and according to the geographical position setting, local government intervention generally dont work. Sources from the command to rescue response, termination by MRCC unified coordination. MRCC duty personnel authorized disposal corresponding search and rescue operations. The rescue organizations, volunteers can cooperate actively, search and rescue operations, according to the procedures to finish the task. Current, the maritime search and rescue by 4 danger level of management mode, and response for the national, provincial and municipal level in three aspects, but reaction procedure of the reaction process longitudinal and transverse overlapping, sometimes to coordinate conductor.Although Chinese maritime rescue by various water rescue center, but in the organization responsible for rescue process by various government intervention, often occur when the great sea levee, especially the governments at all levels, chief executive will replace the emergency response procedures, rescue center according to procedures to rescue organizations in a certain extent, increases the rescue command level, reduce the search and rescue work efficiency.2.2 Search and rescue forces Britain is currently 90% of the maritime search and rescue work completed by social forces, Marine life salvage rely mainly on the social organization royal lifeboat association (RNLI) is responsible for implementing, maritime and coastal protection agency (MCA) is responsible for the search and rescue coordination command. MCA leased 4 tug and four planes and military 8 planes for about 10 percent of the maritime search and rescue mission. British sea levee mostly small boats accident (mainly yacht), the sea, the air force for British double standby rescue work provides the guarantee, and other rescue coordination MRCC without too much power (such as passing ships) for rescue operations. Our current offshore standby power far cannot effectively cover and coastal waters. Search and rescue work mainly depends on the social forces to participate in social forces, but no corresponding policy support and participation in social forces, the consciousness of life at sea, relief is not strong, enthusiasm is not high, rescue coordination is difficult.2.3 ProfessionallyAlthough Britain Marine life salvage rely mainly on the social forces, but rescue equipment and personnel specialized level is higher. British MCA 18 radar station, coastal ports of AIS ground and covers the entire VTS British coastal waters. MCA special radio and channel within 150 nm covers the British waters, in addition, MCA are to develop satellite in the maritime search and rescue areas for future use, introducing the high-end search technology. RNLI configuration of the sea has more than ten all-weather lifeboats. 12 frame for army helicopter rescue and MCA type mainframes. The royal rescue association (RLSS) has used exclusively cliff life-saving rigging and protective installations and used for the beach, even life-saving kayaking surfboard. Rescue teams in Britain, though only 400 (MCA) in the maritime search and rescue of government staff, but have a sufficient number of rescue team of volunteers and non-governmental organizations. The maritime search and rescue personnel specially trained and regular training, ensure the rescue skills, with a team of volunteers are RLSS, etc RNLI or MCA folk rescue organizations of specialized training, the training of qualified for its regular still training and assessment, and to ensure the volunteers in the maritime search and rescue qualified competency. Our countrys currently engaged in aid relief ship or whether the professional personnel are not equal to Britain. The temporary social forces that have no rescue skill, take part in the search and rescue operation will affect the search and rescue results.2.4 Training In Britain the maritime search and rescue organizations are very seriously, for rescue training participants make strict service standards. Although British search and rescue widely rely on volunteers, but whether there are still RNLI (MCA), perfecting the training system, ensure the volunteers with high level of professionalism. Present to the maritime search and rescue personnel training limited and relief system, the sea and the training level is in its early stages, without special training base and teachers.Chinese maritime search and rescue career is just started, foreign advanced management experience is worth our using for reference. Through the maritime search and rescue and Britain, I think that fully implementation of the British rescue system is not possible and necessary. But we should to do the following work:2.4.1 focus on planning, strengthen the construction of the maritime search and rescue equipment. At present, the maritime search and rescue in relief and msa for major forces. In the long term plan, prepare to reasonable layout to ensure full range and standby power, and to enhance its performance to ensure all-weather operation and rapid response.2.4.2 To further improve the search and rescue coordination mechanism. Straighten command relationship, the maritime search and rescue center at the command of the maritime search and rescue and coordination, to change current power levels of the maritime search and rescue coordination centre and command the difficult. To further clarify the unit of member of life at sea, in search of aid and establish duty national and provincial major rescue forces, establish rescue center around repository with local rescue resources coordinating relations directly.2.4.3 To optimize the hierarchical emergency response plan, promote institutional construction work. To thinning sea rescue emergency which maneuverability, to develop the maritime search and rescue decision-making software, in order to improve search efficiency.2.4.4 Establish the maritime search and rescue personnel specialized training mechanism. To improve their professional skills and rescuers to strengthen often attend the search and rescue operations non-professional relief strength training and drills.2.4.5 Establish rescue volunteers for. It is widely used in developed countries, the rescue workers constitute a pattern can save cost, ensure the effective realization rescue forces covered human resources. Volunteers first through the promotion maritime security sense, the future by equipped with necessary equipment and personnel training, to volunteer to be volunteers and strength.2.4.6 Establish the maritime search and rescue scientific evaluation and examination system. Clear situations and strength of the time required for arrived at the scene of the search and rescue operations evaluation standard, and establish the evaluation system. The maritime search and rescue center at various levels shall regularly statistical data, regularly assess all kinds of rescue work in this unit, and then improve emergency response plan and working procedures.3 Establish rescue integration mode, improving cruising maritime rescue efficiency3.1Chinese current situation and characteristics of maritime cruisingIn recent years, Chinas maritime systems and equipment continue to strengthen the construction of water cruise, the Chinese construction equipment, marine water cruising with a further advance, has enhanced the construction of the ice patrol and a group of large tonnage of Coast Guard ships.Put into use in July 2001 the Coast Guard 21 and in February 2005 to join the 3,000-ton Coast Guard 31, all with sea cruising capacity, seaworthiness of the ship unlimited navigation area. Meanwhile, the patrol boat and equipment is also accelerating the modernization drive, such as flying field system, AIS, aircraft platforms and greatly enhance law enforcement personnel and equipment and so on, which for the water patrol and law enforcement to provide a good basis for cruise.Besides the maritime cruise mode is trend and modernization:Fig 2: cruise ships and cruise vehicle with patterningFig 3: cruise ships with closed-circuit television (CCTV) combination of patterningFig 4: the cooperation of cruise ships and VTS course Fig 5: major cruise ship and aircraft combination patternsFig 6: cruise ships, aircraft and mutual cooperation VTS cruising the sea - air - electricity stereo cruise patterningThe maritime working has patrol, timeliness, emergency characteristics, these are also satisfy needs of maritime rescue, if can be both organically, forming a new set of cruise rescue integration system, and bound to present the profound influence on the management of navigation safety of life at sea, and can get further guarantee for our country, from the shipping to add a cornerstone shipping powers.3.2 The preparation and concrete measures for establishing cruise rescue integration system 3.2.1 With all kinds of Marine communication equipment, and communication and alarm network forming linkageInformation, is the successfully completion of the task of integration of cruise search for Marine communication, information, transportation is not established maritime satellite system (INMARSAT), maritime safety information broadcast system (NAVTEX), digital selective call (DSC) and rescue satellite system (COSPAS - SARSAT) Marine communication system. In addition to the traffic management system), maritime TV monitoring system (CCTV), ship automatic identification system (AIS), Marine traffic management system (VTS), and has opened a maritime 12395 public Marine risks , police report. These communications equipment organically, can form Chinese maritime distress and safety information for receiving and broadcast network, and prepare integration cruise.3.2.2 The relevant agencies, establish and perfect the exchange of information sharing mechanismEstablishing and perfecting the cruise implementation unit, with superior maritime organization cruise unit, maritime organization, maritime organization with the local government (or relevant departments) between information reporting system, strengthen communication of information and achieve cruising the share of information, facilitate all relevant departments to grasp, Marine jurisdiction and jointly promote the development of economy, Marine shipping safer, the sea more clean.3.2.3 Change the status quo, on standby mode on dynamicPreviously, cruise ship to take semi-dynamic, semi-passive standby duty, or in a small range of patrol, similar to the passive, the drawback is if the accident at sea, cruise ship sent out a long time, navigational distance, it is difficult the first time the scene to rescue lost opportunity. For this problem should be build dynamic duty standby mode, adjust the cruise boat cruise through the area, the number of boats, watch the time and form, the formation of the cruise boat cruise focused on the regional expansion of sea area, close to the accident prone, so that the most of limited resources limits to rational use of the pattern, reaching the ultimate goal of rapid response.3.2.4 Perfect integration of hardware construction and cruiseCruise rescue the hardware construction of the integration is to achieve the effective integration of cruise search. Along with the expanding and maritime area, present the three-dimensional cruising the cruise tool has no longer adapt to the development of cruise work, should according to cruising range gradually with cruise ability, wind speed, good ability of maritime patrol boat large-tonnage, moreover, maritime cruise ship classification: port, the cruise ship can follow the coastal rescue tugs and rescue barges structure, make it more attention snorting tugs function, The maritime traffic accidents and key sea area with frequent need high speed, good performance, roll airworthiness slower speed, ballast, sensitive operation, linear appearance, the freeboard low, On-site command ships to coordinate with all kinds of communicat