河南省新密一高高三英语语法专项复习：状语从句 课件2.ppt

adverbialclauses 状语从句 我们都知道在书面英语中不能写没有谓语的句子 谓语可用状语来修饰 状语主要由副词或与之相当的其他词类 短语或从句担任 下面主要讲述状语从句 特别是状语从句中的注意事项 1 adverbialclausesoftime 时间状语从句 differentkindsofadverbialclauses 2 adverbialclausesofreason 原因状语从句 3 adverbialclausesofconditions 条件状语从句 4 adverbialclausesofplace 地点状语从句 5 adverbialclausesofpurpose 目的状语从句 6 adverbialclausesofresult 结果状语从句 7 adverbialclausesofcomparison 比较 8 adverbialclausesofconcession 让步 9 adverbclausesofmanner 方式状语从句 wheniheardthenews ijumpedwithjoy iowedjack100yuanwheniwasinlondon i when while as的区别 whileiwasreading hecamein imadesomefriendswhileiwasinlondon astimegoesby heknowsalot thestudentssangastheywalked 时间状语从句 when while as三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词 while表时间 从句需用延续性动词 不用瞬间动词 when表时间 从句既可用延续性动词 又可以用瞬间动词 as表时间 与when相似 但侧重强调主 从句动作同点或同段进行 可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式过去进行时 when while后还可以接分词短语 when作并列连词 表示一个动作在发生时 另一个动作接着发生 这时就不能用while as iwaswalkingonthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulder while作并列连词 表示两种情况对比 hewasplayingtheguitarwhilehissisterwaswatchingtv 1don tbeafraidofaskingforhelp itisneeded aunlessbsincecalthoughdwhen 2whydoyouwantanewjob you vegotsuchagoodonealready athatbwherecwhichdwhen 3 iacceptthatheisnotperfect idoactuallyliketheperson awhilebsincecbeforedunless 4helikespopmusic iamfondoffolkmusic awhilebsincecbeforedunless d d a a 2assoonas immmediatelydirectlyinstantly themoment theminute thesceond everytime eachtime nexttimenosooner thanhardly whenscarcely when nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft themomentiheardthevoice iknewfatherwascoming nexttimeyoucomehere dorememberbringyoursonhere 直到他妈妈回来他才上床睡觉1 hewillnotgotobeduntil till hismothercomes 2 notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed 3 itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed 强调结构 3till until 问题2 1 washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool yes hehadneverpraisedhimhebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade 03北京春季 a afterb unlessc untild when2 simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton 05北京春季 a untilb unlessc afterd because c a until till 直到 止 肯定句 主句是延续性动词 not until 直到 才 否定句 主句是终止性动词 until可用于倒装句和强调句 till不用于句首 notuntilireturneddidshefinishherhomework itwasnotuntilireturnedhomethatshefinishedherhomework 4before after since wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit beforeicouldgetinaword hehungup itisfiveyearssincehelefthere itisfiveyearssinceheenjoyedagoodmeal 问题3 1 theamericancivilwarlastedfouryears thenorthwonintheend 05广东卷 a afterb beforec whend then2 hemadeamistake butthenhecorrectedthesituation itgotworse 03北京 a untilb whenc befored as b c before从句是高考中的一大热点 从时间概念上不难作出判断 注意它的翻译 在肯定句中一般翻译成 主句的动作 才 从句的动作 如题1 或 还没有 从句的动作 就 主句的动作 如题2 问题4 didyouremembertogivemarythemoneyyouowedher yes igaveittoher isawher 01北京春季 a whileb themomentc suddenlyd once b thetime 当 的时刻 themoment minute second instant 一 就 nexttime 下次 thefirsttime 第一次 的时候 thelasttime 上次 的时候 immediately 一 就 instantly 一 就 directly 一 就 等词或词组可引导表示时间的状语从句 还有一些表示习惯性动作的词如 everytime 每次 eachtime 每次 whenever 每当 等也可引导表示时间的状语从句 x bythetime1 bythetimehearrived thetrainhadalreadygone 2 bythetimehecomes wewillalreadyhaveleft 2 adverbialclausesofreason 原因状语从句 because since as nowthat for i because1 theshipchangeditscoursebecausetherewasastorm 2 becausehewasill hedidn tgotoschool ii since1 sinceyouareill you dbettergotoseethedoctor 2 sinceyoudonotunderstand iwillexplainagain iv nowthat1 nowthatclassisover let sgotoplayfootball v forhemustbeill forheisabsenttoday iii as1 asshewaslateforclass shehadtosaysorry 2 asjanewastheoldestinthisfamily shehadtolookaftertheothers 其他表示原因的方法 becauseof thanksto dueto owingtoonaccountof asaresultof thetrainarrivedlateonaccountofaheavysnow thankstoyourhelp ipassedthetest hisfailureisduetothefactthathelacksexperience 3 adverbialclausesofcondition 条件状语从句 if unless so as longas incase onconditionthat suppose supposing 用于问句 provided providingthat aslongasyoudon tloseheart youwillsucceed incasethereisfire whatwillyoudofirst iwillgoprovided providingthatmyexpensesarepaid supposetheyrefuseus whoelsecanweturntoforhelp ii unless1 wecan twritetomaryunlessshetellsusheraddress wecan twritetomaryifshedoesn ttellusheraddress iii aslongas 只要 1 iwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasilive 2 youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean iv onconditionthat 条件是 we llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy v incase 万一 you dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains 问题1 1 thewtocannotliveuptoitsname itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind 2000全国 a aslongasb whilec ifd eventhough2 itisknowntoallthat youexerciseregularly youwon tkeepgoodhealth 05重庆卷 a unlessb wheneverc althoughd if c a unless相当于ifnot 意思是 除非 如果不 就 这也是高考的热点之一 复习时也应给予高度重视 问题2 1 icansee thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger 04北京春季 a aslongasb asfarasc justasd evenif2 ialwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenigotothedoctor s ihavetowait 05全国卷3 a incaseb sothatc inorderd asif b a aslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句 aslongas表示 只要 asfaras表示 就 而论 而言 题1根据题意应该选用b incase表示 以防 根据题2的句意 不难作出选择 4 adverbialclausesofplace 地点状语从句 youmayfindhimwherehisparentslive youarefreetogowhereveryoulike 注意where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区分 you dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions you dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions 5让步状语从句的从属连词 although though eventhough althoughitwasraininghard yettheywentonplayingfootball hesaidhewouldcome hedidn t though as引导的让步状语从句须倒装childasheis heknowsalot muchasilikeit iwon tbuyit tryashemight hecouldnotfindajob 三 让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although though as evenif though however whatever whether or nomatterwho when what 等引导 注意 as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的 e g thoughheisachild heknowsalot childasheis heknowsalot whatever nomatterwhat yousay i llneverchangemymind 3 让步状语从句问题1 1 iacceptthatheisnotperfect idoactuallyliketheperson 04江苏 a whileb sincec befored unless2 allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions theyaredifferentfromyourown 05湖南卷 b a untilb evenifc unlessd asthough a b while是高考中的高频词 它既可引导时间状语从句 又可引导并列句 还可引导让步状语从句 表示 尽管 evenif等于eventhough 表示 即使 尽管 asthough等于asif 引导方式状语从句 表示 好像 似乎 问题2 1 hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem difficultitwas 05天津卷 a howeverb nomatterc whateverdalthough2 theoldtowermustbesaved thecost 05浙江 a howeverb whateverc whicheverd wherever a b nomatterwh 与wh ever的联系及区别 nomatterwh 只引导让步状语从句 此时与wh ever通用 如 nomatterwhen wheneverhecomesback heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty wh ever又可引导名词性从句 nomatterwh 不能 如 whatevericandoforyouwillbenothingbutpayingadebt whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome 6结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词so that so that such that mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim itis fineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark such 当such或so置于句首时 主句要用倒装语序 socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems suchacleverstudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems 7目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的引导词有 sothat inorderthat forfearthat incase lest theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase forfearthathisfathershouldseehim takeyourraincoatincase lestitshouldrain 7 adverbialclausesofcomparison 比较 as as notas so as more er than less than1 hedoesn tworksohardasyoudo 2 thereisasmuchinkinbottleaasinbottleb 3 themoreyouworry thelessyou llsucceed 4 goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal 9 adverbclausesofmanner 方式状语从句 1 youmusttrytodoasidid 2 let sdoasmrs liteachesus 3 hetalksasifheknewallaboutit 好象 1 johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty whichb whenc sothatd asif2 don tbeafraidofaskingforhelp itisneeded a unlessb sincec althoughd when 3 rosesneedspecialcare theycanlivethroughwinter becauseb sothatc evenifd as4 theywantedtocharge 5 000forthecar wemanagedtobringthepricedown a butb soc whend since 5 whatwouldyoudoifit tomorrow wehavetocarryiton sincewe vegoteverythingready a rainb rainsc willraind israining6 ialwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenigotothedoctor s ihavetowait a incaseb sothatc inorderd asif 7 itisalmostfiveyears wesaweachotherlasttime a beforeb sincec afterd when8 simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken hislittlebotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturn