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Canada 英语国家概况 英语国家概况 Chapter14GeographyandHistory Canada 英语国家概况 History II CONTENT Geography I 1 1LocationandSize 1 WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsiscorrectaboutCanada thesecondlargestcountryintheworldlocatedintheNorthAmericancontinentAtlanticintheeast Pacificinthewest ArcticOceantothenorthsharelandborderswiththeUnitedStatestothesouthandnorthwestCanadahasthelongestcoastlineintheworld 1 2GeographicRegionsandClimate 2 HowmanygeographicregionscanCanadabedividedinto TheAtlanticRegionTheCentralRegionThePrairieRegionThePacificRegionTheNorthernRegion3 Canada svastterritoryanduniquetopographyresultinaclimatewithwideregionalvariations Canyoufigureoutwhattheweatherislikeintheaboveregions acontinentalclimate amoderateclimate coldwinter hotsummer sparseprecipitation temperaturebelowzeroforsevenmonths 1 3MajorCities Ottawa thecapitalofCanadathecountry sfourthlargestcitylocatedintheOttawaValleyliesonthebanksoftheOttawaRiverahumidcontinentalclimatetheseventhcoldestcapitalintheworldbyannualaveragetemperature butranksthethirdbymeanofJanuarytemperaturenickname Bytown Left AhouseisbarelyvisiblefrombeneaththeheavyOttawasnowfall 1 3MajorCities Toronto locatedonthenorthwesternshoreofLakeOntariothelargestcityinCanadatheprovincialcapitalofOntarioCanada sfinancialcapitalthefifthmostpopulousmunicipalityinNorthAmericaranked14thintheworldwithover4milliontouristarrivalsayearahumidcontinentalclimateoneofthesafestmajorcitiesinNorthAmericawithalowcrimerate 1 3MajorCities Toronto cont thetallesttowerinthewesternhemisphere theworld ssecondtallestfreestandingstructure 1 3MajorCities Montreal thesecondlargestcityinCanadathelargestcityintheCanadianprovinceofQuebecusedtobethelargestcityinCanadaandtheindustrialandfinancialcentreofCanadaTheofficiallanguageofMontrealisFrench thelargestFrench speakingcityinNorthAmerica andsecondintheworldafterParishumidcontinentalclimate Montreal sUndergroundCitythelargestundergroundcomplexintheworld 1 3MajorCities Vancouver acoastalcityandmajorseaportinsouthwesternBritishColumbiathethirdlargestinthecountryrankedoneofthethreemostlivablecitiesintheworldethnicallydiverse with52 ofcityresidentsand43 ofmetroresidentshavingafirstlanguageotherthanEnglishtemperateclimatethesecondlargestChinatowninNorthAmericaafterSanFrancisco ChineseNewYearParade totheuseandenjoymentofpeopleofallcolors creedsandcustomsforalltime History II 2 1DiscoveryandExploration In1497 JohnCabot anItalianseacaptain sailedwestfromBritain searchingforanewroutetoAsia ThisvoyageledtothediscoveryofCanada TheFrenchexplorationofCanadabeganin1535 whenJacquesCartierattemptedtofindnewroutestotheOrient TradingwiththelocalIndiansbegan Furtrade 2 2EuropeanSettlement Intheearly1600s bothBritainandFrancefoundedpermanentsettlementsinCanada Duringthe1750s thefamousSevenYears WarbetweenFranceandBritainstarted AllofCanadacameunderBritishcontrol 2 3BritishCanada In1774 theBritishParliamentpassedtheQuebecAct copingwiththedifferencesbetweenFrenchandBritishPeople In1791 CanadawassplitintoUpperCanada English speakingOntario andLowerCanada French speakingQuebec In1841 UpperandLowerCanadaunitedastheBritishColony theProvinceofCanada 2 4CanadianNation In1867 TheConstitutionActcreatedtheself governingdominionofCanada In1931 CanadawasrecognizedasanequalpartnerofBritain Thefederalgovernment spowerincreasedsincethe1950stoitshistoricalheight By1961 thecountryhadbecomeoneoftheworld smosturbanizednations Duringthe1970s therelationshipbetweenCanadaandtheUSbecamestrained 2 5CanadaSincethe1980s TheCanadaActof1982madeCanadaafullysovereignstate Intheearly1990s MeechLakeAccordandCharlottetownAccordbothfailedinanationalreferendum Inthe1993nationalelection ProgressiveConservativePartywasdefeatedbytheLiberals In1997Chretien sLiberalgovernmentsucceededinendingthe20yearsoffederalbudgetdeficit WhenPaulMartintookoffice Sino Canadianrelationshipimproved Exercise RearrangethefollowingeventtomakeabriefoutlineoftheCanadianhistory a JacquesCartierarrivedandclaimedterritoryfortheKingofFrance 34 b AmericanRevolutionendedwiththeestablishmentoftheborderbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStates 1783 1791 c FirstIndianandInuitresidedontheland d AmericanarmyinvadedCanada capturedMontrealandbesiegedQuebecCity e TheConstitutionalActestablishedtheUpperandLowerCanada 1791 EarlyHistoryofCanada Exercise cont f TheQuebecAct thepredominantFrenchpopulationinQuebecandsurroundingplaceswereallowedtobegovernedaccordingtoFrenchlaws g ChamplainandtheFrenchsettledandestablishedcontroloftheterritoryinandaroundQuebecCity ThiscolonywascalledNewFrance
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