数学专业英语_数学表达式和数学用语的英文读法.doc

數學式和數學用語的英文讀法註：本檔案的資料，主要來自/logs/12732153.html (作者為華胥夢) /a/20061121/000221.htm (作者為尹圓圓)/blog/user1/2/archives/2008/2146.shtml (作者為swan)部分是參考 Wikipedia 和 奇摩知識的資料部分則是個人的修改、潤飾、與補充一、Number 數字 106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012：one trillion (or one million million)1015：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million)1018：one quintillion (or one million million million)123,456,789： one hundred and twenty three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine12,345,678,900,000：twelve trillion, three hundred and forty five billion, six hundred and seventy-eight million, nine hundred thousand-18：minus eighteen 二、Fractions 分數 通常將分子讀為基數，將分母讀為序數。 1/2：a (or one) half 1/3：a (or one) third 1/4：a quarter or one fourth 1/5：a (or one) fifth 2/3：two thirds, two over three, or two by three 9/10：nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten53/4：five and three quarters 15/64：fifteen over (or by) sixty-four 15%：fifteen per cent 4：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小數 0.4：zero (or naught) point four .01：point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one 12.34：twelve point three four 567.809：five hundred and sixty-seven point eight naught (or oh) nine 30.45：thirty point four five, 0.3333333.： point three repeating (or recurring)0.3%：point (or decimal) three percent 四、Mathematic Forms 數學式(4-1) Addition 加法 1+2=3：One and two are three.2+3=5：Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4：Four and naught is equal to four. 45+70+152=267：45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. (4-2) Subtraction 減法 9-4=5：Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five. 15-7=8：Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15,479：8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479. (4-3) Multiplication 乘法 10=0：One multiplied by naught equals naught. 11=1:Once one is one. 21=2：Twice one is two. 35=15：Three times five is fifteen 60=0：Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing.(4-4) Division 除法 93=3：Nine divided by three makes (or is equal to) three. 205=4：Five into twenty goes four times. 456723=198 餘 13：23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder. The quotient is 198, and 13 remainder.五、Power 冪次方bn 當中， b 被稱為底數 (base)，n 被稱為指數 (power or exponent) bn：the nth power of b 或 b to the nth power.a107：a times the seventh power of ten.b 的平方：b square or b squared b 的立方：b cube or b cubed b 的4次方：b to the fourth b 的-1次方：b to the minus one 六、Time 時間 (6-1) Hours 鐘點 2h.58： two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小時5分8秒 6.18： six eighteen 6時18分 8.30 a.m.： eight thirty a.m. 上午8時30分 the 6.05 p.m. train： the six (naught) five p.m. train 下午6時零5分列車又二十四小時混合制的寫法和讀法如下： 0900： 0 nine hundred (上午)9時 0910： 0 nine ten (上午)9時10分 1300： thirteen hundred 13時(下午1時) 1525： fifteen twenty-five 15時25分(下午3時25分) 2000： twenty hundred 20時(下午8時) at 5 oclock： at five oclock 五點鐘 (6-2) Date 日期 Oct.1： October first 10月1日 Oct.1st： October the first 10月1日 1st Oct. 1949： the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日 3/5： 英 May (the) third 5月3日；美March fifth 3月5日 684 B.C.： Six eighty-four B.C. 西元前684年 106 A.D： one oh six A.D. 西元106年1960： nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty 19-： nineteen something 1950s： nineteen fifties 二十世紀五十年代 60s： sixties 本世紀60年代1770年代初期： in the early 1770s 20世紀末： in the late 20th century 11世紀中葉： in the mid 11th century 七、Phone and Room Numbers 電話及房間號碼 2303-9047：two three zero (or oh) three, nine zero (or oh) four seven3366-3662：three three six six, three six six two 或double three double six, three double six two room 137：room one three seven車牌號碼，身分證號碼，以及各種編號的讀法皆類似八、其他log(x)：the logarithm of x logb(x)：the logarithm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three A隊領先 2 分： Team A is leading (or ahead) by two.B隊落後 2 分： Team B is trailing (or down) by two.45 度角： forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式： linear (or simple) equation with two unknowns 一元二次方程式： quadratic equation with one unknownVol.I： Volume one (or the first volume) (chapter, page, line 的讀法類似) Matt.7:12： Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 馬可福音第七章第12節Hamlet III 1:56： Hamlet Act Three, Scene One, Line fifty-six 哈姆雷特第3幕第一場第56行 時頻分析第123頁第四行： Time-Frequency Analysis, page 123, line 4Henry V： Henry the Fifth 亨利五世$4.25： four dollars twenty-five cents 四元二十五分 (大小單位之間不必加 and)15 ft. 5 in： fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸20 gal. 5 qt.： Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加侖五夸脫108 feet： ten by eight feet 十英尺長，八英尺寬 542 1/2： five inches by four by two and a half 長五英寸，寬四英寸，高二英寸半九、符號的英文讀法 (9-1) Punctuation Marks 標點符號中文英文中文英文分節號section; division -破折號dash。句號period斜線virgule; slash ，逗號comma反斜線backslash：冒號colon波浪號tilde (or swung dash) ；分號semicolon.省略號ellipsis ！驚嘆號exclamation( )圓括號parenthesesat 單引號single quotation marks所有格號apostrophe“ ”雙引號double quotation marks？問號question mark法文引號或書名號French quotes.點dot 方括號(square) brackets *星號asterisk (or star) 大括號braces箭號arrow 雙線號parallel (9-2) Mathematical Symbols (I) 數學符號 (一)中文英文中文英文 等號is equal to不大於is not more than不等號is not equal to 百分之per cent (or percent)約等於is approximately equal to千分之per mill (or mil)小於is less than全等號is equivalent to 大於is more than約等於is approximately equal to 小於等於is less than or equal to; is no more than與成比例varies as大於等於is more than or equal to;is no less than無限大infinity不小於is not less than以及and (or ampersand)(9-3) Mathematical Symbols (II) 數學符號 (二)中文英文中文英文加號正號plus 平方根(square) root 減號負號minus 積分integral of乘號is multiplied by 總和summation of 除號is divided by度degree 正負號plus or minus 分minute 因為since; because秒second 所以hence 攝氏centigrade角angle F華氏(degree) Fahrenheit半圓semicircle n!n階乘the factorial of n圓circle hat圓周circumference|a|a 的絕對值the absolute value of a圓周率pilog a對數(common) logarithm三角形triangleln a自然對數natural logarithm垂直is perpendicular tosin正弦sine合集union ofcos餘弦cosine交集intersection oftan正切tangent數字numbercot餘切cotangent$美元dollarsec正割secantf(a)a 的函式the function of acsc餘割cosecant十、Common Words in Mathematics 數學常用字彙(10-1) Science 科學公理axiom推論corollary定理theorem反例counterexample定律law; principle演繹deduct (v); deduction(n)證明 prove; verify歸納induct (v); induction(n) 假設; 假說hypothesis; hypotheses(pl.)經驗式的heuristic命題proposition演算法algorithm(10-2) Numbers 數數number十進位decimal system數字digit二進位binary system自然數natural number十六進位hexadecimal system整數integer有理數rational number小數decimal; decimal fraction; decimal figure無理數irrational number小數點decimal point實數real number循環小數recurring decimal; periodic decimal; repeating decimal虛數imaginary number無盡小數infinite decimal複數complex number正positive有效數字significant digit負negative無效數字insignificant digit零null, zero, naught, nil因數factor無窮大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)公因數common factor無窮小infinitesimal倍數multiple分數fraction公倍數common multiple分子numerator質數prime number分母denominator因式分解factorization(n); factorize(v)倒數reciprocal; inverse近似值approximate value(10-3) Operations (I) 運算(一)加plus(prep.); add(v.); addition(n.)被乘數multiplicand; faciend被加數augend; summand乘數multiplier; multiplicator加數addend積product和sum除divided by(prep.); divide(v.); division(n.)減minus (prep.); subtract(v.); subtraction (n.)被除數dividend被減數minuend除數divisor減數subtrahend商quotient乘times(prep.); multiply(v.); multiplication(n.)餘數remainder(10-4) Operations (II) 運算(二)計算calculation對數logarithm運算operation指數; 冪; 乘方exponent; power算術arithmetic二次方; 平方square運算符operator三次方; 立方cube等於equals, is equal to, is equivalent to四次方the power of four;the fourth power大於is greater thann次方the power of n;the nth power小於is lesser than開方evolution; extraction大於等於is more than or equal to;is no less than二次方根;平方根square root小於等於is less than or equal to; is no more than三次方根;立方根 cube root比ratio四次方根the root of four; the fourth root進位carryn次方根the root of n; the nth root通分reduction to a common denominator截尾truncation約分reduction of a fraction四捨五入round微積分calculus下捨入floor (or round down)微分differential上捨入ceil (or round up)偏微分partial differential絕對值absolute value; modulus導數derivative階乘factorial積分integral內積inner product定積分definite integral加權weight, significance不定積分indefinite integral轉換transform 差分difference旋積convolution (10-5) Algebras and Functions 代數與函數代數algebra方程式equation; function 係數coefficient公式formula; formulae(pl.)未知數unknown; x-factor; y-factor; z-factor恆等式identity常數constant單項式monomial變數variable多項式polynomial; multinomial函數functionn次多項式nth order polynomial定義域domain; field of definition一次方程linear (or simple) equation值域range二次方程quadratic equation等式 equality三次方程cubic equation不等式inequalitym元n次方程式nth order equation with m unknowns (10-6) Properties 性質極限limit奇偶性parity正交orthogonal(a); orthogonality(n)對稱性symmetry交換律commutativity可逆性reversibility結換律associativity單調性monotonicity分配律distributivity週期性periodicity(10-7) Sets and Logic 集合與邏輯集合set; aggregate聯集union元素element補集complement子集subset充分條件sufficient condition空集void必要條件necessary condition交集intersection充分且必要if and only if(10-8) Geometry (I) 幾何 (一)幾何geometry頂點vertex點point邊side線line直角邊leg面plane斜邊hypotenuse體solid底base平行parallel高height相交intersect三角形triangle垂直; 正交perpendicular; vertical; orthogonal 銳角三角形acute triangle角angle直角三角形right triangle角度degree鈍角三角形obtuse triangle弧度radian不等邊三角形scalene triangle銳角acute angle等邊三角形equilateral triangle直角right angle等腰三角形isosceles triangle鈍角obtuse angle四邊形quadrilateral平角straight angle長length周角perigon寬width圓circle對角線diagonal圓心centre(BrE), center(AmE)平行四邊形parallelogram半徑radius矩形rectangle直徑diameter正方形square圓周率pi菱形rhomb; rhombus; rhombi(pl.); diamond弧arc梯形trapezoid半圓semicircle直角梯形right trapezoid扇形sector; fan等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid環ring五邊形pentagon橢圓ellipse六邊形hexagon圓周circumference七邊形heptagon面積area八邊形octagon周長perimeter九邊形enneagon畢氏定理Pythagorean theorem十邊形decagon多邊形polygon十一邊形hendecagon正多邊形equilateral polygon十二邊形dodecagon(10-9) Geometry (II) 幾何 (二)相似similar球sphere全等congruent半球hemisphere立方體cube圓錐cone多面體polyhedron圓柱cylinder三角錐pyramid圓臺frustum of a cone三角柱prism內切圓inscribed circle棱臺frustum of a prism外切圓circum circle四面體tetrahedron空間space五面體pentahedron維dimension六面體hexahedronn維n-dimension平行六面體parallelepipedn度空間n-dimensional space七面體heptahedron三角trigonometry八面體octahedron正弦sine九面體enneahedron餘弦cosine十面體decahedron正切tangent十一面體hendecahedron餘切cotangent十二面體dodecahedron正割secant二十面體icosahedron餘割cosecant底面undersurface反正弦arc sine內心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)反餘弦arc cosine外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)反正切arc tangent旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)反餘切arc cotangent垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)反正割arc secant重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)反餘割arc cosecant體積volume投影projection表面積surface area旋轉rotation(10-10) Geometry (III): Lines and Coordinates