脊柱解剖结构图解

大家好 脊柱 Vertebralcolumn 基础医学院人体解剖教研室 Thevertebralcolumn脊柱consistsof24vertebrae thesacrum andthecoccyx 一 Vertebrae椎骨Thereare33vertebraeinchildren arrangedasfollows Cervicalvertebrae颈椎C 7Thoracicvertebrae胸椎T 12Lumbarvertebrae腰椎L 5Sacralvertebrae骶椎S 5sacrum骶骨Coccygealvertebrae尾椎Co 3 4coccyx尾骨 Generalfeaturesofvertebrae Vertebralbody椎体Vertebralarch椎弓pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根 sup andinf Vertebralnotch椎上 下切迹laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板process 7 spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess横突sup andinf articularprocesses上 下关节突Vertebralforamen椎孔Vertebralcanal椎管Intervertebralforamen椎间孔 Regionalvariationsofvertebrae CervicalvertebraeVertebraeBody smallVertebralforamen largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses shortandbifidinC3toC5 longinC6 andlongerinC7Transverseprocesses shortandbifid transverseforamen横突孔Articularprocesses horizontal Atypicalvertebeae Atlas寰椎 C1 Bodyandspinousprocessabsent consistsofanteriorandposteriorarches andtwolateralmassesGrooveforvertebralartery椎动脉沟 Axis枢椎 C2 distinguishedbydens齿突whicharticulateswithdentalfoveaofanteriorarchofatlas Carotidtubercle 颈动脉结节 anteriortubercleoftransverseprocessofC6Vertebraprominens隆椎 C7 containslongandnon bifidspinousprocess itisvisiblewithneckflexed usedasclinicallandmarkincountingcervicalandthoracicspinousprocesses Thoracicvertebrae VertebraeBody heart shape superiorandinferiorcostalfovea上 下肋凹Vertebralforamen smaller rounderSpinousprocesses long pointobliquelydownwardTransverseprocesses transversecostalfovea横突肋凹Articularprocesses coronal Lumbarvertebrae VertebraeBody larger kidney shapeVertebralforamen largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses projectshorizontallyTransverseprocesses longArticularprocesses sagittal Sacrum Anteriorsurface promontory岬 anteriorsacralforamina骶前孔 fourpairs Posteriorsurface mediansacralcrest骶正中嵴 posteriorsacralforamina fourpairs sacralhiatus骶管裂孔 sacralcornu骶角Lateralpart auricularsurface耳状面 sacraltuberosity骶粗隆 二 ArticulationsofVertebrae椎骨的连结 Jointsofthevertebralbodies Jointsofthevertebralarches 1 Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结 Intervertebraldiscs椎间盘betweenbodiesofadjacentvertebrae composedof Nucleuspulpous髓核 aninnersoft pulpy highlyelasticstructure gelatinouscore Annulusfibrosus纤维环anouterfibrousringconsistingoffibrocartilage Anteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带 StrongbandcoveringtheanteriorpartofthevertebralbodiesandintervertebraldiscsrunningfromtheanteriormarginofforamenmagnumtotheS1 S2MaintainsstabilityoftheintervertebraldiscandpreventshyperextensionofthevertebralcolumnPosteriorlongitudinalligament后纵韧带AttachedtotheposterioraspectoftheintervertebraldiscsandposterioredgesofthevertebralbodiesfromC2vertebratosacrumPreventshyperflexionofthevertebralcolumnandposteriorprotrusionofthediscs Herniaofnucleuspulpous髓核脱出 2 Jointsofthevertebralarches椎弓间的连结 Ligamentaflava黄韧带 elasticligament unitelaminaeofadjacentvertebrae andcompletetheposteriorwallofvertebralcanal tendtopreventhyperflexionofthevertebralcolumnInterspinalligament棘间韧带Supraspinalligament棘上韧带Ligamentumnuchae项韧带Intertansverseligament横突间韧带Zygapophysialjoint关节突关节 三 Atlantooccipitaljoint寰枕关节 BetweensuperiorarticulatingsurfacesofatlasandoccipitalcondylesSupportedbymembrancesandligamentsthatjoinoccipitalboneandatlasAction noddingofhead lateraltiltingofhead 四 Atlantoaxialjoint寰枢关节 ThreesynovialjointsbetweenatlasandaxisLaterally pairedjointsbetweenarticulatingfacesMedianjointbetweendensofaxisandanteriorarchofatlas Supportedbyligamentsapicalligamentofdens齿突尖韧带alarligament翼状韧带transverseligamentofatlas寰椎横韧带tectorialmembrane覆膜Action allowatlas andhead topivotontheaxisandvertebralcolumn 五 NormalCurvesofvertebralcolumn Cervicalcurvature颈曲convexforwardThoraciccu