法律口译专业说法.doc

感谢Grace Song童鞋的推荐，祝你面试顺利，争取以后做同学。感谢巴斯的Gordon Cao学长倾力打造了视频，十分详细的讲解了法庭审判流程，适合口译学生学习。由于视频比较卡而且知识量大，我记了笔记，方便以后学习。打红字的地方我还是没太听懂，希望学法律的童鞋能够再讲解一下一、 Arrest and Booking 逮捕和落簿重要文件：Miranda Warning 米兰达警告，必须熟记切一字不差的翻译出来以确保客户明白自己的合法权利1. You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. Do you understand?你有权保持沉默，你是否明白？2. Anything you say may be used against you in a court of law. Do you understand?你所说的一切都将可能被作为法庭对你不利的证据，你是否明白？3. You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. Do you understand?你有权在接受警察询问钱委托律师，他（她）可以陪伴你受询问全过程，你是否明白？4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. Do you understand?如果你付不起律师费，只要你愿意，在所有询问开始之前将免费为你提供一名律师，你是否明白？5. If you decided to answer questions now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop answering at anytime until you talk to an attorney. Do you understand?如果你现在决定在律师不在场的情况下回答问题，你仍然有权在任何时间停止回答问题，并和律师谈话，你是否明白？6. Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present?在了解了我想你解释的所有权利之后，你是否还愿意在律师不在场的情况下回答问题？米兰达警告之后进行问询，之后有两种情况1. Release on Bail 保释外出保释金根据罪行的轻重来决定2. Held in Custody 继续拘禁付不起保释金或罪行过重。嫌疑人将在48小时内收到法院的传票Subpoena二、Citation 出庭传票1. Filing Charges 指控入禀，入禀就是入档指控入档时需要向法院提交指控书：1. Complaint: 轻罪（misdemeanor)提交至地方法院（court of limited jurisdiction); 2. Information: 重罪（felony）提交至高等法院（higher court)2. True Bill 大评审团的起诉书（indictment)陪审团jury一般为6人组成，参与审判过程大陪审团 grand jury为12人组成，不参与审判而是听取公诉人呈上的证据来判断是否对嫌疑人提出公诉。若通过，则由大陪审团签发起诉书。从这个时候开始，案件由警察局移交至公诉人 case turned over to prosecutor三、Initial Appearance/ Arraignment 首次出庭、提讯Defendant appear in court to:1. Answer charges/ Plea 对指控进行答辩2. Defendant Identified 被告确认3. Counsel Identified 律师确认在答辩之前，被告人享有宪法权利1. to attorney or self-representation 阁下找律师为其辩护或自我辩护2. not to incriminate self 阁下有拒绝做不利自己证供的权利3. to testify or refuse to testify 阁下有权为自己作供，也有权保持沉默4. to subpoena witnesses 阁下有提出证据或证人的权利5.to confront prosecution witnesses （see, hear , and question)阁下有质问控方证人的权利，有权向做不利证供的证人对质及交叉询问6. to speedy or public trial 阁下有权要求速讯审理或公审7. to a jury or bench trial 阁下有权选择陪审团审理或法官审理8.to be informed of charges and consequences 阁下有被告知指控和认罪后果的权利回答类型（Enterplea)Guilty 认罪Not Guilty 不认罪No Contest 不抗辩Not Guilty by reason of insanity 由于精神失常而无罪Not guilty due to double jeopardy 一罪不二罚原则，好像有部啥复仇，批判美国法律的电影是讲这个的，我忘了是哪部了四、Pre-trial Conference& Preliminary Hearing 审前会议和预审，只适用于答辩无罪的情况可请求延期 continuance 保释，但要重新计算保释金 bail re-evaluationA. Pre-trial Conference1. Plea Bargain 辩诉交易控诉方和被告方的律师进行协议之后，控诉方降格控诉以换取被告方的有罪答辩。这样做加快了审理的进程。2. Review the evidentiary issueMotions1） Motions to suppress evidence because of illegal search, rights not advised because due process was not followed 剔除由于非法搜查得到的证据，或由于没有根据法律诉讼程序对被告选读权利后获得的证据。2） motions for continuance 延期动议3） motions for discovery 动议迫使另一方履行“资料披露” 的义务4）motions for a change of venue 易地审判5）motions to dismiss 撤销指控的动议审前会议的另一作用是Diversion (differed judgement)， 推迟审判以对犯人进行心理沟通和改造-petty theft 小偷小摸-drug courts 毒品-domestic violence 家庭暴力-substance abuse 药物滥用B. Preliminary Hearing1. Probable Cause 合理理由prosecutor must show that:1) crime was commited2)Defendant likely to have commited2. 审判方式1）no jury, just judge (bench/court)2)held in court of limited jurisdiction 地方法院3）defence cross-examination only, not present case 交叉审问，不呈报案件4）judge issue ruling5)felonies only - jury court五、Empaneling陪审团的选择程序Jurors 陪审团的组成成员选拔：由律师从有合格选举权的公民中选拔，通过一系列的询问确保陪审团能够保持中立准陪审团员地剔除 challengeperemptory challenge 不需理由的剔除,属于律师有限制次数使用的权利challenge with cause(with legal justification)Jury Admonition 告诫,主要是确保陪审团保持中立，只听取双方律师的证据1）not to discuss cases or form any opinion2) not to go to the scene3) not to read or hear news stories about the casebailiff 法警，职责是保护陪审团六、Trial 审判步骤：1.opening statementburden of proof beyond any reasonable doubt 排除所有合理的怀疑证明被告有罪2. direct examination 直接诘问，询问证人testimony 证词-oral evidence 先公诉后辩护证人类型：1)eye witness 目击证人2)victim witness 受害者3) expert witness 专家证人4)material witness 重要证人5）character witness 对诉讼方品德信誉作证6）exhibits 证物7）physical evidence 具体证据2. cross examination 交叉诘问， 辩方先开始诘问3. re-direct examination 再次诘问Objection反对对方律师提出诱导性的问题，由法官决定是否生效1）irrelevant 问题与案件无关2)beyond the scope 超过问题范围3) cause speculation 使证人猜疑答案4) compound 多个问题5)non-responsive 证人没有回答问题6) argumentative 发表律师观点的陈述8) improper foundation 不恰当根据9）assume facts not in evidence 问题假设某事是真的，而真假没有事实课证明在反对之后，法官要做出