Unit11 Scientific achievements—同步教学.doc

20052006学年度第二学期（高二英语）第一周 教师：陆正琳 Unit11 Scientific achievements一. TopicTalking about science and scientific achievements二. Colloquial Expressions in this unit（Expressing intentions and wishes）If I got the money, I wouldMy plan is toI hope thatI want / wish / hope / intend / plan toId like toIm thinking of（Explaining the importance）Your research is extremely important becauseYour project is significant becauseThis is important because will make it possible to has had a positive effect on allows farmers to increase productionThe breakthrough gives hope to三. Grammar Word Formation1. 派生（derivative）international=inter + nationaltelephone=tele + phoneextremely=extreme + lymanned= man + ed2. 转化（Conversion）water n. 水water（vt.）浇水3. 合成（Compound）man-kind broad band4. 混合high-tech e-school四. Key words and phrases in this unit.1. mankind泛指“人类”，代词用iteg. Mankind has its problems.人类有自己的问题。 a great step forward for mankind.人类向前迈进的一大步。2. likely adj. 很可能的 sb. / sth. is likely to do sth. 某人或某事可能会He is likely to win.他可能会赢。It is likely to rain tonight. 今晚可能会下雨。An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.如不小心，你可能会出事故。 It is likely that很可能会It is likely that he will arrive so late.他可能会来的很晚。 固定搭配as likely as not，意思“多半”“说不定”。He will catch up with them as likely as not.他很可能会赶上他们。3. grasp vt. 抓住He reached out, grasped my hand, and shook it.他伸出手，抓住我的手握了一下。He grasped her firmly by the arm.他对紧紧抓住她手臂。Grasp your chances while you can.只要有可能，就要抓住你的机会。I didnt quite grasp what he was talking about.对他讲的，我不太理解。4. perfect adj. 完美的，极好的，十分的用作形容词，因本身含有“极端”或“最”的意义，通常不再用比较级也不受very修饰。He speaks perfect English.他英语说得很好。Ill try harder to make my work perfect.我将努力把工作做好。A perfect copy of the original.与原件一字不差的副本。the perfect gentleman / wife / host十足的绅士/理想的妻子/热情周到的主人a perfect stranger完全陌生的人practice makes perfect熟能生巧5. arrange vt. 安排 习惯接动词不定式to do sth.My mother arranged to stay for three days.母亲准备住上3天。They arranged to meet us at ten.他们安排好10点钟与我们见面。 对人或事物，直接作宾语用作及物动词。后面如果有不定式作宾补，我们习惯加介词for引起宾语。如：Ive arranged a taxi for you.我已为你安排一出租车。Ive arranged for a taxi to pick you up at 10 oclock.我已安排出租车10点钟去接你。 跟从句时，从句要用should + 动词原形They arranged that the meeting be put off to Saturday.他们安排把会议推迟到星期六。6. failure n.失败；失败的人His plan ended in failure.他的计划以失败告终。（不可数）Gary was a failure as a football player.（具体，可数）作为一名足球运动员，加里是个失败者。7. aim vt. / vi瞄准，对准He aimed his gun at the target and fired.他用枪瞄准了目标，同时开了一枪。She is aiming at a scholarship.她正努力争取一份奖学金。My remarks were not aimed at you.我的评论不是针对你。We must aim at increasing exports.我们力争增加出口。8. announce vt. 宣布、宣告He phoned me to announce his decision.他打电话给我，宣布了他的决定。It has been announced that he will resign.他将辞职的消息已经宣布。He announced that he would pay his debts.他宣布他将偿还债务。Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow.请告知你们班学生明天不上课。A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring.温暖的阳光显示春天即将来到。五. Warming up1. Solar energy太阳能solar adj. 太阳的；日光的。例如：a solar spot太阳黑子solar battery太阳能电池solar eclipse日食the solar calendar阳历the solar year阳历年【思维拓展】lunar adj. 月亮的。例如：lunar eclipse月食lunar module登月艇the lunar year阴历年the lunar calendar阴历2. Which one do you think is the most important?你认为哪一个最重要？What are some other scientific achievements that you think are important?还有另外哪些科学成就你认为是重要的？（1）do you think, you think 都是在句中作插入语。它们的不同志点是，do you think用在特殊疑问句中，而you think用在肯定句中。再如：What do you think will be done next?你认为下一步怎样做？When do you think Shenzhou VI will be launched?你认为神舟六号什么时候发射？This winter, I think, will be the coldest one of the last five years.这个冬季，我认为是最近五年中最冷的一个。【要点提炼】疑问词+do you think / believe / suppose / suggest +主语+谓语。试比较：How shall we work out the problem?我们将怎样解决这个问题？How do you believe we shall work out the problem?How do you suggest we (should) work out the problem?（2）some other表示“另外一些”。other常常放在数字或表示数量的词后面，意为“另外”。例如：many other boys另外一些男孩five other chairs另外五把椅子several other countries另外几个国家A few other animals stay here in winter.在冬季，另外一些动物也留了下来。Mr Smith asked me to fetch three other recorders.史密斯先生让我再拿三台录音机来。【思维拓展】（1）more与other有相同用法。（2）another也可表示“另外”之意，但要放在数量词之前。如：another five days另外五天3. Do these achievements have anything in common?这些成就有共同的地方吗？in common在此句中表示“相同的；共有的”，作后置定语修饰anything。再如：We have nothing in common.我们没有什么相同的方面。The customs of the two countries are mostly in common.这两个国家的风俗大部分相同。4. If so, what?如果有的话，它们的共同之处是什么呢？本句为省略句，其完整句子为：If these achievements have anything in common, what is it?if条件句中常采用省略形式。又如：Tomorrow will be fine. If so, Ill go to the seaside.明天会晴天。如果是这样的话，我就去海边。Printed on the package are a few words. Complaints, if any, are to be addressed to the manager.包裹上印了几个字。如果不满意的话，应该向经理去诉说。【要点提炼】if条件句常见的省略形式有：if so如果这样的话if not如果不是这样if any假如有；即使有if possible如果可能的话if necessary如果必要的话六. Listening1. Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.这对一个人来说是一小步，对人类来说却是一大步。MankindU人类，人（集合用法）。例如：Is human still progressing?人类还在进步吗？This is an invention that benefits mankind.这是一项造福人类的发明。Disease is the enemy of mankind.疾病是人类的敌人。【思维拓展】mankind / man辨析：mankind和man指“全体人类”时均不加冠词。例如：Man is born equal.人生来平等。a man表示“某个人”或“人人”；the man特指某个人；man的复数为men。2. the Constitution of the United States.美国宪法。constitutionC宪法，规章，体制。例如：Britain has an unwritten constitution, and the United States has a written constitution.英国有不成文的宪法，美国有成文的宪法。【全析提示】美国宪法是美国的根本大法，也是仍在实施的世界上最古老的成文宪法，于1787年由联邦制宪会议通过。3. Eureka is a word from the Greek language and means I have found it.Eureka来自希腊语，意思是我找到了。eureka interj.我找到了！例如：Eurekaa job at last!我找到了终于找到工作了！【全析提示】Eureka是阿基米德发现测量王冠含金纯度的方法时所发出的欢呼声。七. Speaking1. You want to develop new technology that will make it possible to grow food in areas where there is very little water.你想研发一种新技术，利用这种技术能用较少的水来生产粮食。句中that从句为定语从句，修饰technology。make it + adj. / n. + to do使做某事 例如：I make it a rule to get up early.我习惯早起。【思维拓展】it作形式宾语亦可代替从句。例如：I have made it clear that I object to the plan.我已表明我反对这个计划。2. You are working on sending a manned spaceship to Mars.你正在从事向火星发射载人宇宙飞船的研究。（1）work on表示“从事于；忙于”之意。例如：She is working on a new dictionary.她一直在忙着编写一本新词典。What are you working on recently?你最近在忙什么？【思维拓展】work out制定出来；计算出来，解决。work at从事于的研究。work on还可表示“继续工作”之意。（2）manned adj. “载人的”。是由名词加后缀-ed构成的形容词。-ed意为“有的”“特有的”之意。又如：gifted有才华的，aged年老的，blessed受祝福的。【思维拓展】man构成的其他派生词还有：manly adj.像男子汉的manful adj. 勇敢的manliness n. 男子气八. Pre-reading1. If you wanted to do research or start a company, what kind of support and environment would you need?如果你想搞研究或创办一家公司的话，需要什么样的支持和环境呢？该句为虚拟语气，if从句使用动词的过去式，主句使用情态动词would或could / might +动词原形，表示对现在或未来情况的假设。例如：If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.倘若每个国民都懂得急救，那么许多人的生命是可以挽救的。If I were you, I would go to the party.要是我是你，我就去参加聚会。【全析提示】If从句中be的过去式用were；结果主句中，第一人称用should，第二、三人称用would。在美国英语中，结果主句各个人称都常用would。例如：If we left now, we would arrive in time.假设我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。（美国用法）2. Why do scientists spend so much time trying to achieve something?为什么科学家们花这么多时间想取得某种成就呢？achieve vt. 实现；完成。例如：achieve goals实现目标achieve ones purpose达到目的achieve success获得成功achieve victory取得胜利achieve modernization实现现代化【思维拓展】achievementC业绩,功绩。例如：academic achievement学业成绩；学术成就九. Reading1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, it is likely that many of them will be born in Northwestern Beijing.无论中国将来会有什么样的伟大成就，其中很多很有可能就诞生在北京的西北部。（1）Whatever在句中引导让步状语从句，在从句中作定语修饰achievements。凡是疑问词+ever形式都可引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。如：Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.无论谁违反法律，都应该受到惩罚。（状语从句）You must do well whatever youre told to.你必须把要求做的事情做好。（宾语从句）Whatever problem you have, turn to me.不管你有什么问题，都可以找我帮忙。（状语从句）She is willing to help you, however busy she is.无论多忙，她都愿望帮助你。（状语从句）I dont care whenever youll come.无论你什么时候来，我不在意。（宾语从句）试比较：Whoever comes to the party will receive a gift.（主语从句）Who ever come to the party, he will receive a gift.（让步状语从句）无论是谁参加宴会，都会得到一份礼物。【思维拓展】疑问词+ever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。No matter +疑问词在语义上与疑问词ever相同，但它只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。如：No matter when my motherland needs me, I will go without hesitation.无论什么时候，只要祖国需要我，我都会毫不犹豫地出发。No matter how hard it may be, I will carry it out.无论此事有多难，我都会去做。（2）in store就要到来，必将发生。例如：I have a surprise in store for you.我有个你意想不到的消息要告诉你。There are better days in store for you.有好日子在等着你。Who knows what the future has in store for us?谁知道未来等着我们的是什么？【思维拓展】in store还有“贮存着；准备着”之意，常与介词for搭配。例如：The runner kept some energy in store for spurting at the end.那名赛跑的人为最后冲刺储存精力。（3）likely adj. 可能的；预期的。例如：The train is likely to be late ( = It is likely that the train will be late).这趟火车很可能晚点。It is very likely that he will not consent.他很可能不会同意。She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。I have found a likely house at last.最后我找到了一间合适的房子。【思维拓展】likely / probable / possible:从含义上看，likely意为“很可能的”；probable一般指有“较大的可能”；possible仅指“有可能”，不管可能性大小。从用法上看，probable和possible作表语时，一般不用人作主语，其句式为：It is probable thatIt is possible that / to do2. It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University.它是中国科学院和北京大学、清华大学等10多所著名大学的所在地。（1）homeC所在地，大本营，根据地，发源地。（home在句中使用时，可以不带冠词）例如：England became his second home.英格兰成了他的第二故乡。Is China the home of pottery?中国是陶器的发源地吗？The home of the kangaroo is Australia.袋鼠的原产地是澳大利亚。【思维拓展】homebound adj.回家的homeless adj. 无家可归的homely adj. 家庭的homemade adj. 自制的homesick adj.想家的homelike adj. 舒适的homeward adv. 在归途中homelandC家园；祖国homemakingU家政homeworkU家庭作业hometownC故乡3. Zhongguancun was set up as a special economic zone in the late 1990s and quickly became the leader of Chinas hi-tech industry.中关村是于20世纪90年代晚期作为经济特区而创建起来的，很快它就成了中国高科技工业的领航者。economic adj.经济（上）的；经济学的；有使用价值的。例如：economic activity经济活动economic growth经济增长the worlds economic situation世界经济形势economic theory经济学理论economic history经济学史【思维拓展】economical adj. 节俭的，节约的，廉价而使用的。例如：an economical car廉价使用的汽车an economical woman一位节俭的妇女a more economical stove一个更节省燃料的火炉4. The center itself got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, opened a private research and development institute.这个中心早在80年代初期就开始创建，当时，陈春先一位中科院的研究员开办了一所私人研究发展机构。该句为复合句，when引导非限制性定语从句。从句中又有一个同位语“a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences”，补充说明Chen Chunxian的身份。got started为被动句，start为“创办，开始”之意。例如：They started a business and made a great deal number of money.他们创办了一家企业，赚了一大笔钱。【思维拓展】start all over again重新开始start off出发，动身；出去旅行start out出去；动身start out to do开始做to start with首先，第一for a start起先，作为开始from start to finish自始至终5. Within the next ten years, more than a hundred scientific and technological companies moved into the area and new hi-tech centres developed around the original Zhongguancun Garden.在随后的十年里，一百多家科技企业迁入到该区，在中关村园区原址周围形成了高新科技中心。technological adj. 技术（学）的；工艺（学）的。例如：Nanyang Technological University南洋理工大学a major technological breakthrough主要的技术性突破technological changes / problems技术上的改变/问题【思维拓展】technologyU科学技术，工业技术technical adj. 技术的，技术上的technical college技术专科学校technically adv. 专门地；技术上地technicianC专家；技术人员techniqueU技巧，技艺technologistC科学技术人员6. They all have their own characteristics, but they all share the spirit of creativity and scientific skill that has made Zhongguancun a success.他们都有自己的特点，但他们都有创造性精神和科学技术，这使得中关村成为一个成功的典范。【全析提示】a success是宾语补足语。that是定语从句修饰skill。（1）characteristic是名词，意为“特色，特点”。再如：Every writer has his own characteristic of writing.每们作者都有自己独特的写作风格。The quietness and peace are the main characteristics of this village.安静、祥和是这个村庄的特点。【思维拓展】character n.性格，人物。如：He has a strong but gentle character.他有坚强但温柔的性格。（2）success在句中是可数名词，意为“一个成功的事或人”。如：She was a success as an actress.她是位成功的女演员。success作不可数名词时，意为“成功”They have achieved remarkable success in their work.他们在工作方面成绩显著。【思维拓展】具有同样用法的还有failure。如：The party proved to be a failure.这个宴会证明是一个失败的宴会。7. The science park is also home to a growing number of overseas Chinese who have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home.中关村园区也是不断增多的许多海外华人的居住地，他们抓住机遇在国内弘扬自己的理念。（1）overseas adj.（在）海外的，（在）国外的；adv. 在海外，在国外。例如：My brother lives overseas.我兄弟住在国外。overseas students in Britain在英国的外国留学生【思维拓展】over-（前缀），表示“在的上面”“全面地”“超越”之意。例如：overage adj. 超龄的overanxious adj.过于担忧的overcoatC大衣overcrowded adj.过于拥挤的overhead在头顶上8. When I got my masters degree, I wanted to return home but couldnt find a company where I could use what I had learnt.我获得硕士学位之后想回国，可是找不到施展所学知识的公司。该句中where引导的是定语从句，修饰company; what引导的是宾语从句，作use的宾语。masterC硕士；（男）主人；能手。例如：She is a Master of Arts / Sciences.她是文学（理学）硕士。The dog obeyed his master.这只狗听主人的话。9. I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friends and family.我永远不会忘记当再次踏上中国的土地和我的朋友及亲人团聚时，那种感觉有多幸福。set foot in (on)进入；踏上。例如：He said that he would never set foot in that house again.他说他永远不再踏进那座房子。They were filled with joy when they set foot on Chinese soil in late July.当7月底踏上中国的土地时，他们兴奋不已。【思维拓展】set ones best foot forward赶紧走；尽全力take to ones feet走着去，步行rise to ones feet站起来jump to ones feet跳起来10. He lives in Beijing and runs a small company based in Zhongguancun together with two friends.他住在北京，并和两位朋友一起在中关村创办了一家小公司。based in Zhongguancun作company的定语，相当于一个定语从句：which is based in Zhongguancun.base in / at把安置在。例如：The enterprise is based in the town.这家企业以这个城镇为基地。Most of our staff are based in Cairo.我们大部分工作人员都住在开罗。【思维拓展】baseon以为基础。例如：You should base your conclusion upon careful research.你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。This story is based on facts.这个故事是有事实根据的。11. Zhongguancun has had a positive effect on business as well as science.中关村无论是对商业还是对科学都产生了积极的影响。have effect on对产生影响【全析提示】as well as连接business和science两个宾语12. The park is home to Chinese computer giants Lenovo and Founder and more than twenty famous international companies. 中关村园区也是中国两大计算机公司“联想公司”和“方正公司”，以及20多家著名国际企业所在地。giantC巨人，巨物（异常大的动植物、商业组织等）。例如：the multinational oil giants跨国大石油公司What a giant of a tree!多高大的树哇！【思维拓展】giant adj.巨大的，非凡的（常置于名词之前）。例如：a giant corporation巨大的公司giant killer美重量拳击家，凶猛的拳击家a giant panda大熊猫giant star巨星13. One of the mottos of the park“Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power”makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.这个园区的口号之一是“依靠科学技术知识发展经济”，它阐明了科学和商业能够且必须结合在一起共创未来。【全析提示】Relying on science, technology, and knowledge to increase economic power作one的同位语。（1）rely vi. 依赖；依靠；指望。例如：You may not rely on the weather report.天气预报不足为信。You can rely on him.你可以信任他。I rely on her to pay back the money (= I rely on her paying back the money).我相信她会还钱。You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接你的。【要点提炼】rely on / upon sth. / sb.依赖；依靠；指望rely on sb. doing / to do 指望某人做；相信某人做rely on it that相信（事情）；指望（事情）（2）make clear表明；讲清楚。例如：Have I made myself clear?我讲清楚了吗？Ill make the whole matter clear to you.我将把整个事情讲给你听。They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.他们想向公众表明他们做的工作既重要又必要。【全析提示】clear意为“清楚的，明白的”，作宾语补足语。make之后的宾语可以是名词、代词，也可以是从句。14. Not all the new companies can succeed.不是所有的公司都能成功。该句是一个部分否定的句式，如果否定句中有all, both, every, always等词，句式构成部分否定现象。如：Not everyone likes his novel.并非人人都喜欢他的小说。Both methods are not practical.两种方法并非都可行。Such a thing is not found everywhere.这样的事情并非所有的地方都会出现。A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom.有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。【思维拓展】none, neither, no one, never等形式表示全部否定。例如：None of them are for the plan.他们都不同意这个计划。All of them are not students.他们不都是学生。Both of them wont go.他们两个不都去。Neither of them will go.他们两个都不去。15. As Yufang puts it, “ We are not making that much money yet, but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguancun.”这正如玉芳所指出的那样，“我们现在还没挣到那么多钱，但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法而激动”。【全析提示】该句中as意为“依照，如”，引导的是方式状语从句；that are coming to life为定语从句，修饰technology和ideas。（1）as sb. puts it正如某人所说 例如：As the President puts it, “We have no choice but to develop our education, or well fall behind.”正如总统所说，“我们别无选择，只有发展教育，否则就会落后”。As he puts it in the report, “Education is to be given to children by the government.”正如他在报告中所说，“政府应该对儿童提供教育”。【全析提示】put vt. 表达；表述。例如：I want to know how to put this in French?我想知道如何用法语来表达这件事？Im very glad that you have put the case clearly.你已把情况讲清楚了，我很高兴。（2）come to life恢复生气；活跃起来。例如：The quiet girl has come to life since she lived with her grandpa.自从和爷爷生活在一起以来，这个沉默寡言的女孩变得活泼起来。When the teacher mentioned the plans for the trip, the kids came to life at once.老师一提到旅行计划，孩子们顿时兴致勃勃。【思维拓展】come to谈到；苏醒；变成come to oneself恢复知觉；恢复镇静。例如：When it comes to politics I know nothing.谈到政治，我一无所知。（3）that adv. 那样；那么。例如：I like him but not all that much.我喜欢他，但远不是那么着迷。He cannot go that far.他去不了那么远。【全析提示】that作“那样；那么”讲，相当于so，常用于口语中。十. Post-reading1. It is located in Haidian District, in North-western Beijing.中关村位于北京西北部海淀区。locate vt. （常用于被动语态）把设置在；使坐落于；指出的位置。例如：The new building will be located in the center of town.这座大楼将建在市中心。Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain.他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。I cannot locate the shop.我找不到那家商店。【思维拓展】locationCU位置；所在地；场所locally adv. 在本地；在地方上。例如：The hill is a good location for the new church.那座