The Nightingale and the Rose夜莺与玫瑰.ppt

Unit5 TheNightingaleandtheRose TheAuthor PART1 OscarWilde 1856 1900 OscarWildewasthesecondsonbornintoanAnglo Irish 英裔爱尔兰人 family atDublin AfamousEnglishpoet dramatistandwriter EnglishLiteratureinthehistoryofaestheticmovement 唯美主义文艺思潮 andthefounderofoneofthechiefadvocatesof artforart ssake withautilitarianobject 功利主义的对象 tocolorliterature thatliteratureshouldnotbe Byanymoralstandarddisposable 可任意处理的 Heisalsothedecadent 颓废的 Britishliterature Artforart ssake 艺术至上主义 Artforart ssake istheusualEnglishrendition 引渡 ofaFrenchslogan fromtheearly19thcentury L artpourl art andexpressesaphilosophythattheintrinsic 本质的 valueofart andtheonly true art isdivorcedfromanydidactic 说教的 moralorutilitarian 功利主义的 function Suchworksaresometimesdescribedas autotelic 本身具有目的的 fromtheGreekautotelic fromtheGreekautoteles completeinitself 本身具有目的的自我完成 aconcept 观念 thathasbeenexpandedtoembrace 信奉 inner directed 不随俗的 or self motivated 自觉实践的 humanbeings Wilde sfatherWilliamwasadoctorandrenownedphilanthropist 慈善家 Williamalsowrotebooksonarchaeology 考古学 andfolklore 民俗学 andhismotherJanewasasuccessfulwriter poetandalife longIrishnationalist 民族独立主义者 bothhighqualityartsandculture toexert 受到 animperceptible 难以察觉的 influenceonhisinspiration 灵感 inliteratureandarts IntheOxfordUniversitystudent OscarWildeinfluencedbyhisteacherRuskin togetherwiththeirowntalentandbegantryingtocreate InJune1855 thefamilymovedtoMerrionSquareinafashionableresidentialarea 上流社会的住宅区 whereWilde ssister Isola wasborn Oscarwaseducatedathomeuptotheageofnine HeattendedPortoraRoyalSchool 普拉托皇家学校 inFermanaghfromtheagesofninetosixteen AfterleavingPortora WildestudiedclassicsatTrinityCollege 圣三一学院 from1871to1874 sharingroomswithhisolderbrotherWilliefortwoyears Hewasanoutstandingstudent andwontheBerkeleyGoldMedal 伯克利金质奖章 thehighestawardavailabletoclassicsstudentsatTrinity HewasawardedascholarshiptoMagdalenCollege 牛津大学的莫德林学院 wherehecontinuedhisstudiesfrom1874to1878andwherehebecameapartoftheAestheticmovement oneofitstenetsbeingtomakeanartoflife Wildehadalessthanhappyrelationshipwiththeprestigious 有声望的 OxfordUnion 牛津学联 Onmatriculating 录取 intheautumnof1874 WildeappliedtojointheUnion butfailedtobeelected afactwhichcametolightonlyrecently WhentheUnion slibrarianrequestedapresentationcopy 抄印 ofPoems Wildecomplied 编辑 Afteradebate 争论 calledbyOliverElton thegiftwascondemnedforsupposedplagiarism 剽窃 andreturned WhileatMagdalen hewontheNewdigatePrize 扭迪吉特奖 forhispoem Ravenna 拉芬纳 whichhereadoutatEncaenia Hefailed though towintheChancellor s 校长的 EnglishEssayPrizeforanessaythatwouldbepublishedposthumouslyasTheRiseofHistoricalCriticism 历史批判的兴起 1909 InNovember1878 hegraduatedwithadoublefirstinclassicalmoderations 古典学科 andLiteralHumaniores 人文科学 AftergraduatedfromOxford WildereturnedtoDublin wherehemetandcourtedBalcombe She however becameengaged 约会 toawriter Onhearingofthis WildewrotetoherstatinghisintentiontoleaveIrelandpermanently 永久地 HespentthenextsixyearsinLondonandParis andintheUnitedStates wherehetraveledtodeliver 发表 lectures InLondon hemetLloyd ShewasvisitingDublinin1884 whenOscarwasinthecitytogivelecturesattheGaietyTheatre Heproposed 求婚 toher andtheymarriedinLondon Constance sallowance 零用钱 of 250allowedtheWilde stoliveinrelativeluxury 奢侈 Thecouplehadtwosons AfterOscar sdownfall Constancetookthesurname 给 姓氏 Hollandforherselfandtheboys CyrilwaskilledinFranceinWorldWarI Vyvyanalsoservedinthewarandlaterbecameanauthorandtranslator In1895 MarquessofQueensberryfoundhissonDouglascalledBosiewaskeptcompanywithWildeforfouryears andchargedWilde Thenhewenttotheclubstuck ToOscarWilde MincingSodemite 装腔作势的鸡奸客 AfterthatDouglasgotangry thenheaskedWildetoappellatecourt Buthefailedandevenbeencommittingactsofgrossindecencywithothermalepersons 与其他男性发生有伤风化的行为 Accordingtothelaw WildewasadjudgedtoprisonfortwoyearsinReadingGaol Inthistwoyears hestopedwritingdramaandsetaboutwritingpoem Atthistime hisstylewaschanged MostofHisfamilyandfriendswerestayedawayfromhim In1895 hewasreleasedonbail Butbeforelong becausetheysaidhewasamolester 猥亵者 Thenhehadtobealabourerfortwoyears In1897 heleftforParisdisappointedly AndDouglascametofoundhim theytraveledPairs Butafterthejourneytheybrokeup HewentbacktotheRossandlivedwithhim AlthoughWildelovedDouglas Rossstillgavehimlotsofhelps Soonhediedoftubercularmeningitis 脑膜炎 inahotelinPairs 46yearsold OnlyRossandaanotherfriendwerewithhim 他以不完美的童话反复叩问生活中处处存在的矛盾与悖论 影射现实社会的困顿与复杂 以曲折的方式展现他对艺术 爱情及人生完美而纯粹的追求 亦用自己的作品预言了他独特的人生路线 生前走在享乐主义与感官主义的边缘 摇摆于物质与精神之间 对爱情既渴望又绝望 临终前于孤寂中皈依了天主教 投入基督的怀抱 和他笔下的悲剧人物一般 得到他真正的心灵安宁 PART2 TheWorks Idon twanttoearnmyliving Iwanttolive 我不想谋生 我想生活 Ilikemenwhohaveafutureandwomenwhohaveapast 我喜欢有未来的男人和有过去的女人 Weareallinthegutter butsomeofusarelookingatthestars 我们都生活在阴沟里 但然有人仰望星空 Therefore Wildeissuchacontradictioninthesame AProductiveWriter Poems1881TheTruthofMasks1889HepictureofDorianGray1891LadyWindermere sFan1892AWomanofNoImportance1892Salome1893TheImportanceofBeingEarnest1895 ThehappyprinceThenightingaleandtheroseTheselfishGiantThedevotedfriendTheremarkablerocketTheyoungkingThebirthdayoftheinfantaThefishermanandhissoulThestar childTheCantervilleGhostTheModelMillionaire DeProfundis ItisalongletterthatWildewrotetohishomosexualDouglas ItcompletedwhenWildestayedinprison Wecanfeelloveandregretemotionsamongthewordsandbetweenthelines MeanwhileWilde sviewoflifeandtheconceptofartareexpounded ThePictureofDorianGray IfIcanbeforeveryoung andletthisportraitofold I dtakemysoulforyouth ThefilmonThePictureofDorianGray Salome Itisthepuresincereforthepursuitoflove althoughshemeanssomeradical Salomefirstwishissingleandpurelovelikethemoon Itisonlyintheevilthattheenvironmentisdrivenbyamanwhoisguiltyofatragicend TheHappyPrince Happyprincediedafterseeingallsortsofhumansuffering andthesacrificeofselfhelp PART3 FairyTale Thenatureofchildrenistohearthewonderfulfairytale Lenin 儿童的本性是爱听美妙的童话的 列宁 Thesourceoffairytale Blackfairytale Theearliestfairytaleintheworld thankstotwopeople isnotwhatweoftensaytotheGreenbrothers butanItalianandaFrenchman ThebeginningisanItaliannamedChombatistaBasil Hewroteabookcalledtales 故事集 compiledinSicily 西西里岛 inthevicinity 附近 ofthedialect 方言 ofthe50story publishedin1636 Thisbookiscalled FIVEDAYS 五日谈 AnotherFrenchman CharlesPerot publishedastorybookin1697 whichhas8stories Startlingis sevenofwhichhavebecomeclassicstory Cinderella LittleRedRidingHood BlueBeard wearbootsthecat SleepingBeauty diamondandthefrog and thumbsup 大拇指 Thesestoriesarefullofbloodyplot especiallythe BlueBeard isfilledwithblood violenceandmistrust GreenFairyTale ThefateofGreen slifeandcreationisinseparable 不可分离的 fromtheromanticperiodofGermanliterature Theromanticliterarymovement whichwascreatedbytheFrenchRevolution 1789 1794 wasthefirstinGermanytodevelopinnineteenthCentury TheSnowWhite Littleredridinghood Cinderella Fairytaleisagenre 体裁 ofchildren sliterature throughrichimagination fantasyandexaggeration 夸张 towriteforchildrentoenjoythestory Thebasiccharacteristicsare accordingtothecharacteristicsofchildren spsychologicaldevelopment thereareuniquerhetorical 修辞的 devices 方法 suchassymbol metaphor 比喻 etc Roleabilityclassificationmethod AarneThompsonclassification classification Absurd Pinocchio Aliceinwonderland COMEDY TheEmperor sNewClothes Tragedy DaughterOfTheSea Happyprince PART4 TheImagery Europeangarden Oak tree Doyouknowwhatthedifferentcolorsofrosesreprsent Love爱Romance浪漫 Oneofthemostuniversalofallsymbols theredroserepresentstruelove Ithasalsoappearedthroughouthistoryandacrossculturesasbothapoliticalandreligioussymbol Friendship友谊Joy欢乐Getwell安康 Purity纯洁Innocence无辜Sympathy同情Spirituality神圣 Love爱Gratitude感谢Appreciation欣赏 Desire欲望Enthusiasm激情Passion热情 Onbehalfofhonestkind hearted theoneandonly Crush Youaren tinthecornerintheworldinmyinthemind lovingyoudifficultopeninthecenterofthechest 敦厚善良独一无二暗恋爱你在心口难开 Preciousuinque珍贵独特 Inthewesternliteraryworks theNightingalefirstappearedinancientGreekdramacomedywriterAliStouffer s bird 阿里斯托芬的剧作 鸟 ThereisabeautifullegendinGreekmythology PantRouJPandareushaveadaughtercalledAedon 埃冬 AedonalsoisakingofZetosZethus wife TheyhaveadaughterItylus 露丝 AedonhasanunfortunateaccidentallykilledherdaughterItylus fromthenonshefellintoendlesssorrowandremorse ThegodsoutofpityturnedherintoaNightingale fromtheNightingaleeverynightcrytoexpresshergrief Nightingale It sfeatherisnotgorgeous butthesongisoutstanging verywiderange 夜莺的羽色并不绚丽 但其的鸣唱非常出众 音域极广 Unlikeotherbirds thenightingaleisoneofthefewbirdssinginginthenight sowiththename 与其他鸟类不同 夜莺是少有的在夜间鸣唱的鸟类 故得其名 Lizard Thelizard Lizard commonlyknownas lizard alsoknownas snakeaunt distributedthroughouttheworld Arecold bloodedreptiles 冷血动物 thevariety distributionontheearthisabout3000orso knowninourcountrytherearemorethan150kinds Aremainlydistributedintropicalandsubtropical diversityofthelivingenvironment mainlyterrestrial arborealandsemiaquaticandsoilinthecave Mostfeedoninsects andasmallnumberofspecies Lizardsareoviparous ovoviviparousminority Lizardsandsnakesarecloselyrelated thetwohavemanysimilarplaces coveredwithepidermalderivedhornyscales cloacaholesareatransversecrack themalehasapairoftheclasper areoviparous orpartialovoviviparoustypes andbonecanbeactive Early Earlyspringflowering exuberant havingagentlemandemeanorandnaivetestyle wontheItalianlove thuselectedasthenationalflower secretlove暗恋happiness快乐parting离别 Theprocessofthebutterfly sgrowth Egg Larvae Chrysalis Adultbeetle IsanancientAmericanIndianlegend marriedcoupletotheirwishquietlytoldthehandsofbutterfliesandflyingbutterfly abutterflywilltellspiritsandangels spiritsandangelscanmakewishesintoreality lovemessagesandeverlastingpromise willneverbeconstantforalongtimedidnotforget Therefore peoplebelieve aslongasawish andthenthebutterfliesflying theirwisheswillberealizedsoon 有一个古老的美洲印地安传说 结婚新人把自己的心愿轻声告诉手中的蝴蝶 然后将蝴蝶放飞 蝴蝶会告诉精灵和天使 精灵和天使就能让愿望变为现实 爱的讯息和天长地久的承诺 从此便恒久不忘 因此 人们都相信 只要许下一个愿望 然后将蝴蝶放飞 自己的愿望很快就能实现 Doyouknowtheinnermeaningoftheevolutionofthebutterfly Themeaningofthebutterflyisgoodandbad itcanbeasymboloffreedom beauty andcanalsosymbolizethesoulanddeath Themainsymbolofthebutterflyisthechange theuglycaterpillarturnsintoabeautifulfairy 蝴蝶的意义有好有坏 它可以象征自由 美丽 也可以象征灵魂和死亡 蝴蝶最主要的象征意义是转变 丑陋的毛虫竟然会转变成美丽的小精灵 Loyaltothebutterflylovers lifeisonlyapartner isrepresentativeoftheinsectcommunityloyalty thebutterflyisregardedasagoodlucksymbol suchasloveflowersandbutterfliesareoftenusedinmeaningsweetloveandhappymarriage theperformanceofthehumanpursuitofperfection 蝴蝶忠于情侣 一生只有一个伴侣 是昆虫界忠贞的代表之一 蝴蝶被人们视为吉祥美好的象征 如恋花的蝴蝶常被用于寓意甜蜜的爱情和美满的婚姻 表现了人类对至善至美的追求 Thelarvaeofcoarsefleshstupidsymbolofreallife andbutterflylightwingssymbolizethespiritoftheworld 幼虫的粗蠢的肉体象征着现实生活 而蝴蝶轻盈的彩翼象征着精神世界 Bodydeathmaybethereleaseofthesoul asthebutterflyfliesoutofthecocoon 躯体死亡也许正是灵魂的解脱 就如蝴蝶从蛹中飞出 Thisisthesymbolicmeaning perhapstherealityisnotbeautiful butthespiritualworldcanbebeautiful likeabutterfly LiangShanboandZhuYingtaifailedintherealworld butinthespiritworld theyhaveabeautifullife Thetombisactuallyabutterflypupa wheretheyhatchhimselfastherebeautifulspiritoflove 化蝶的象征意义在于 现实也许是不美的 但是精神世界却可以是美丽的 一如蝴蝶 梁山伯和祝英台在现实世界失败了 但是在精神世界他们却有美丽的生命 坟墓实际上就是梁祝的蛹 他们在那里孵化自己成为了美丽的爱的精神存在 Whatdoyouthinkofwhenitcomestojewelry YoumightthinkoffashionLuxury wealthandstatus 你可能会想到时尚 奢侈 财富 地位 Insome