2010年高考英语语法专题复习课件-主谓一致.ppt

2010高考英语 语法 专题复习系列课件 15 主谓一致 主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致 这就叫主谓一致 IamateacherSheoftendoesherhomeworkinthemorning Thereisonlyoneboxonthetable Thereare50studentsinourclass 但是如果主语不是单一的 或主语名词的数比较特殊时 其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致 从前原则 意义一致 就近原则 一 语法一致原则一般来说 语法形式是单数的主语 谓语动词用单数形式 语法形式是复数的主语 谓语动词用复数形式 Eg 1 Thenumberoferrorswassurprising 错误之多是惊人的 2 Weloveourmotherland 二 意义一致原则主 谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定 而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义 主语形式虽为单数 但在意义上却为复数 谓语动词应采取复数形式 主语形式虽为复数 但在意义上视为单数 谓语动词应采取单数形式 Eg 1 Thecrowdwerefightingfortheirlives 这些人正为生存而战斗 2 Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikealongtime 在异乡生活的三年 仿佛是很长的时间 三 就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式 来决定其自身的数的形式 Eg 1 Notonlyhischildrenbutalsohehimselfwantstogothere 2 EithermywifeorIamgoingtoworkthere 就近原则的使用情况 当作主语的两个名词或代词由or either or neither nor whether or notonly butalso not but 连接时 在therebe herebe 句型中 1 There alamp twopensandthreebooksonthedesk 2 Here someenvelopesandpaperforyou 3 Notonlyhisfamilybutalsohe 喜欢 Chaplin smovies 4 YouorI goingtoreceivethemthisafternoon is are likes am 5 NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother A isB areC amD be6 There inthisroom a aretoomuchfurnitureb istoomanyfurnituresc aretoomuchfurnituresd istoomuchfurniture 7 NeitherTomnorhisparents athome a isb arec hasd was8 Eitherthedeanortheprincipal themeeting attendsattendc areattendingd haveattended 9 waswrong a Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb Boththestudentsandtheteacherc Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd Notthestudentsbuttheteacher10 Hedidn tsaywhethersomeEnglishnovelsoranEnglishdictionary wanted A areB isC wasD were 有togetherwith with aswellas but except besides ratherthan including along alongwith like 连接并列主语时 采取从前原则 1 They togetherwithTom goingtoswimthisafternoon be 2 Noonebutyourparents therethen be 3 He likeyouandyourbrother veryclever be 4 Theteacher includinghisstudents goingtoseeProfessorTell be 5 Mary togetherwithhissisters goneback have are was is has has 1 Anexpert togetherwithsomeassistants tohelpinthiswork A wassentB weresentC issendingD aresending2 eitherheorIfitforthejob Neitherhenoryou A Am areB Is areC Are areD Is is 3 Nothingbutcars intheshop A issoldB aresoldC weresoldD aregoingtosell4 Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift A isofferedB haveofferedC areofferedD hasoffered 5 Notonlythewholenation butthewholeEurope indeedthewholehumansociety toalteritsattitudetoracialproblems a needb needsc hasaneedd haveaneed6 Totellyouthetruth I aswellastheotherstudents hungry A sureamB amsureC sureareD aresure 由and或both and连接主语 谓语动词用复数 1 Apoetandanovelisthavevisitedourschool 2 WuDongandWuXi twinbrother be are 1 Thesingerandthedancer cometothemeeting A hasB haveC areD is2 ThesecretaryofthePartybranchandthedirectorofthatfactoryoften withtheworkers A worksB workC isworkingD areworking 如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人 同一事物或同一概念 则两个名词共用一个冠词 谓语用单数 Eg 1 Theteacherandwriterisherfriend 2 Butterandbreadisherfavoritefood 3 Ajournalistandauthor live inthehouse4 Thedoctorandprofessor be comingatonce lives is 1 TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting A beB wasC areD were2 Wiskyandsoda hisfavoritedrink isb arec wered havebeen 3 Lightandheat oftensentouttogetherwithheavysmoke isB wasC areD being4 waswrong Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb Boththestudentsandtheteacherc Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd Notthestudentsbuttheteacher every and every each and each no and no manya and manya 连接两个单数名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 1 Everydeskandeverychair madeofwood be 2 Manyaboyandgirl madethesamemistake have 3 Noboyandnogirl be intheclassroom 4 Manyastudent like popsongs is has is likes 1 Eachmanandwoman thesamerights hasb havec hadd ishaving2 Manyastudent theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage a haverealizedb hasrealizedc havebeenrealizedd hasbeenrealized 3 Nochairandnodesk permittedtobetakenawayfromthereadingroom areB wereC isD be4 Manyafather learnttohissorrowwhatitistohaveasonwhotellslies A haveB isC areD has 5 Everyman womanandchild somehistory enoughatleast tosurviveintheworld knowsb knowc isknownd areknown some of plentyof alotof most of therestof all of half of part of themajorityof 分数或百分数 of 名词等短语作主语时 谓语动词与of后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致 1 Alotofstudents waitingoutside be 2 Morethan70percentofthesurface be coveredbywater 3 Therestofthemoney belong toyou are were is belongs 1 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass A Twofifth isB Twofifth areC Twofifths isD Twofifths are2 Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook therest moredifficult A isB areC wasD were 3 Mostofhissavings intheXinHuaBank hasbeenkeptb isbeingkeptc havekeptd havebeenkept4 Themajorityofthedamage easytorepair isb arec wered be 5 Themajorityofdoctors smokingisharmfultohealth arebelievedb hadbelievedc hasbelievedd believe6 Three fourthsofthebuildings wasdestroyedb isdestroyedc weredestroyedd hasbeendestroyed none有时作单数看待 有时作复数看待 主要根据说话人的意思决定 eg Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus Noneofushasacamera Noneofthemoneyispaidtome one everyone each either neither theother anotheranybody anyone anything somebody someone something everybody everyone everything nobody noone nothing thenumber of 复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时 谓语动词用单数 Eachofthestudentshasabook Neitherofthemhastoldme Eitheroftheanswersisright 1 Theyeach anewdictionary A hasB haveC isD are2 Eachofyou responsiblefortheaccident a amb bec isd are 3 Eachofthestudentsinourclass greatinterestinEnglishandtheyeach acopyofNewEnglish ChineseDictionary A shows haveB have hasC is haveD takes has4 Thetwosistersareforcedtoplaythepiano Infact neitherofthem toplayit A likeB likedC likesD liking 5 Nobodybuthisfamily thesecret knowB areknownC haveknownD knew oneandahalf做主语时 谓语动词用做单数 Oneandahalfyearshaspassed Oneandahalfappleshasrottedaway more 复数名词 thanone和morethanone 单数名词的意义相同 均表示 不只一个 但前者用作复数 后者用作单数 morethan 两个以上的数字 名词复数做主语时 谓语动词用复数 Morestudentsthanonewerepunished Morethanonestudentwaspunished Morethantwohundredpersonsarepresent Morethanonewaskilledinthebattle 1 Morethanoneworker dismissed havebeenb arec hasbeend has2 Morethanonegraduate senttothehardestplacesince1979 isB areC hasbeenD havebeen 表示时间 数目 距离 价格 度量衡等名词的复数作主语 并作为整体看待时 谓语动词用单数 1 Fourhoursisenoughtodotheexperiment 2 Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt 3 Thirtyfeetislongenough 1 twentydollarsabigsumtoher Isupposeso Willbeb Isc Ared Were2 Threehours enoughforustofinishthetask areb hasc isd were 算术中的动词单复数都可以 多用单数 Twoandtwomakes makefour Threetimesthreeisnine 集合名词class family army enemy team group government staff audience crowd public committee等作主语时 若强调整体 谓语用单数 若表示组成该集体的成员 谓语用复数 Eg 1 beMyfamily verylarge Hisfamily waitingforhim 2 be haveTheclass madeupof54students Alltheclass gonetotheplayground is are were is have 1 Thecommittee overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours hasarguedb hasbeenarguingc havearguedd havebeenarguing2 Thepublic generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims isb wasc ared hasbeen 3 Hisfamily alwaysquarrellingamong A is itselfB are themselvesC is themselvesD are itself 有些名词本身表示复数概念 其谓语动词用复数形式 如people police cattle goods youth clothes等 Eg 1 Thepolice afterathief 2 Cattle ongrass feed 3 Allthegoods arrived have are feed have 1 Cattle onthehillside grazesb isgrazingc wasgrazingd weregrazing2 TheyouthofChinatoday tryingtheirbesttostudymodernscienceandtechnology A isB wasC wereD are 定冠词 adj 分词 表示一类具体的人或物时 谓语用复数 若表示某一抽象概念 则用单数 1 Theold takengoodcareofhere be 2 Theold give placetothenew 3 Thetrue be tobedistinguishedfromthefalse 4 Therich be fortheplan butthepooragainstit are gives is are 1 Thewounded bythehospital A havebeentakeninB hasbeentakeninC havetakeninD hastakenin2 Inthatcountry therich richer thepoor poorer a becomeb hasbecomec becomesd isbecoming what who which any of more most all of half of part of 等代词作主语 谓语可以是单数 也可以是复数 主要看它们指代的是什么来决定 1 Whichisyourroom 2 Whichareyourrooms 3 Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone 4 Alloftheworkersareskilled 5 Amanwhothinksonlyhimselfcanneverbehappy 6 Heisnotoneofthosewhobowbeforedifficulties 一个不定式 动名词 从句作主语时 谓语要用单数形式 两个或两个以上的不定式 动名词或是从句做主语时 谓语用复数 但是如同这两个结构指一个概念 仍然用单数 Readingisagoodway Tosayitisonething todoitisanother Whathesaysandwhathedoesdonotagree Earlytogotobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy wealthyandwise 1 Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet A isnotdecidedB arenotdecidedC hasnotdecidedD havenotdecided2 Whatcausedtheaccident ontheroad werestoneb werestonesc wasstoned wasstones 3 Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon manyproblems involveb involvesc involvingd toinvolve clothing furniture traffic jewellery baggage equipment luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语时 谓语动词用单数 Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea 在定语从句中 谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致 1 Heisoneofthestudentswhoaremodest 2 Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoismodest 3 Allthosewhowanttogoonajourney pleasesignyournameshere 在倒装句中 谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主语取得一致 也就是说 倒装句要采用就近原则 Whereisyourmotherandyoursisters Intheroomwasfoundahat afewsuitsofclothesandsomeshoesandsocks 1 Betweenthetworowsoftrees ateachingbuildingandtwodormitores A standB standsC standingD are2 Onthewall twolargeportraitsofhisparents A hangsB hangedC hangingD hang 3 Growingaroundthelake wildflowersofdifferentcolors isB areC hasD have 一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语 同时并用 谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定 You notI aretobepraised I notyou ambeblame 以s结尾的词 但表示学科 国家 机构 书籍 报刊等名称作主语 谓语用单数 Mathsisausefulsubject His SelectedPoems firstpublishedin1970 A wasB wereC hadbeenD havebeen 1 ThePhilippines tothesouth eastofChina a liesb liec layd lays2 Mathematics thelanguageofscience isb hasbeenc ared havebeen 由山脉 群岛 瀑布 运动会等s结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数 TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears 表示成双成套的名词 如 trousers shorts shoes socks scissors glasses compasses 等做主语时 谓语动词用复数 Tom strousersaretoolong Yourglassesareonyournose Thereisapairofshoesunderthebed Thepairsofshoeshavewornout Where myscissors rightonthedesk A are It sB is It sC are TheyareD is Theyare 1 thispairoftrousersfithimwell AreB IsC DoD Does2 Strangelyenough apairofnewtrousers amongtherubbish A werefoundB wasfoundC foundD hadfound Let spractise 1 Acartandahorse inthedistance 2 Acartandhorse inthedistance A wasseenB wereseenC SeeD sees B A 2 Thefactory includingitsmachinesandbuildings burntlastnight A isB areC wereD was3 1 Thestudentsinourschooleach anEnglishdictionary 2 Eachofthestudentsinourschool anEnglishdictionary A arehavingB hadC hasD have D C 4 1 Manystudents thatmistakebefore 2 Manyastudent thatmistakebefore A hadmadeB hasbeenmadeC havemadeD hasmade C D 5 I who yourgoodfriend willshareyourjoysandsorrows A wasB areC isD am6 Allbuthimandme tothecinema A aregoingB isgoingC wasgoingD hasgoing 7 Someperson callingforyouatthegate A willbeB isbeingC isD are8 ThepopulationofChina largerthanthatoftheUSA A willbeB areC isD was9 Deer fasterthandogs A willrunB arerunningC runsD run 10 Everymeans tried butthereisnoresult A havebeenB hasbeenC willbeD were11 Thispairoftrousers mysister Mytrousers A isbelongto isbeingwashedB belo