suggested(2).doc

III. Translation(unit1)A. Translation from English to Chinese (参考译文)常常会听到一些大学校长说“我把学生当自己的儿女看待”，一派慈祥的样子。他也真做得像个严父慈母：规定学生不许穿拖鞋在校内行走，上课不许迟到，周会是要正襟危坐，睡觉要够八小时，熄灯前要洗澡入厕，清晨6点必须起床做早操，讲话时不许口含食物，夏天不可穿短裤上课，看电影太多影响学业，看电视有伤眼睛，吃饭前要洗手，等等。我一直以为大学校长是高瞻远瞩，指导学术与教育大方向的决策人，而不是管馒头稀饭的保姆，但这也暂且不提。这一类教育者的用心，毋庸置疑，当然是善意的。问题是，我们论“事”的时候，用心如何根本不重要，重要的是实际后果，而教育的后果何其严重！在这种过度呵护的幼稚教育下成长的大学生，遇事时，除了“眼泪汪汪”之外，又能做些什么？教育者或许会说：这些学生如果进大学以前，就已经学会了自治自律的话，我就不必要如此提之携之，喂之哺之；就是因为基础教育没教好，所以我作为大学的人不得不教。虽然是亡羊补牢，总比不教好。这些话听起来有理，其实是个因噎废食的逻辑。这个学生之所以在小学、中学12年间没有学会自治自律，就是因为他们一直接受喂哺式的辅导，那么大学来继续进行“育婴”，这岂不是一个没完没了的恶性循环？把学生口里的奶嘴拿掉，我们总要有个起点，大学不做，更待何时？此外，我们大学教育的目标是什么？教出一个言听计从，循规蹈矩，不穿拖鞋短裤的学生还是教出一个自己会独立分析问题，做出决定和判断的学生究竟哪一个更重要?为了塑造出 “听话” “规矩” 的青年, 而牺牲了他自主自决,自治自律的能力这难道是我们大学教育的目的吗?unit2 III. key to translation from English to Chinese 1 整个英国陷入激烈地争论之中，包括首相布莱尔。他发表评论说：“他希望英国的大学向社会所有阶层的人敞开大门。2 国际媒体的评论措辞更加严厉，他们认为劳拉斯彭丝事件表明了英语哦典型的等级制度及傲慢自大的问题，它告诫人们一个还固守旧的英国依然存在。3 他们更加自信，愿意接受从一个国家到另一个国家，从一种文化到另一种文化的挑战，在许多情况下，它们可以在网上注册入学。4 在这种学生全球流动的大趋势下，作为像牛津大学这样的世界一流大学，英国的许多大学突然发现他们正在和哈佛大学之类的学校争夺英国学生，它们面临巨大的挑战。5 今天，由于受金钱年传统的束缚，以及缺乏英国政府足够的财政资助，牛津大学很难应对几经加快的教育改革的步伐。IV. Chinese-English Translation Exercise(1)Founded in 1214, Oxford University is the second oldest university in the world, whereas Paris University is the oldest one. It is said that in the 12th century, British King Henry II had forbidden British scholars to study abroad in Paris. Thus they gathered together in the Oxford town where it used to be an ancient trading center, which later gradually evolved into an ancient seat of learning. It is located 55 miles northwest of London where the two rivers meet (the Thames and the Cherwell).For 800 years the university has been polishing minds and upper class elites. It is especially well known for producing literary figures and political executives. So far, it has not only produced numerous writers, poets, philosophers, historians and economics, but also a great many prominent scientists in the field of natural science. It is often said: “if you want to gain Nobel Prize, please go to study in Cambridge. If you want to become prime minister, please go to Oxford”. Oxford had produced 25 Prime Minister from Great Britain, and also presidents from other countries, including Margaret Thatcher and Bill Clinton.Oxford itself is a history book. Through its 900 years of history. It is a place which enjoys both a wealth of tradition and a tradition of wealth. No wonder people say: “Tradition is very important to Oxford, without it there would be no any different between Oxford and any other university. (2)Tsinghua University, one of the renowned institutions of higher learning in China, is an important base both for training senior professionals in science and technology in China and for the development of Chinese science and technology.Founded in 1911, it started (originated) as Tsinghua Xuetang, a school preparing students for studies in the US. After the 1911 Revolution, it was named Tsinghua School and then enrolled its first college students in 1925. In 1928, the school was renamed National Tsinghua University. During the Anti-Japanese War, the university moved to the south, first to Changsha, and then to Kunming, where it became part of Southwest United University by merging with Beijing University and Nankai university. In the nationwide reorganization of institutions of higher learning in 1952, Tsinghua University became a university of engineering with multiple disciplines, focusing its emphasis on training qualified engineering personnel, and thus it was reputed as “the cradle of red engineers.”V. Paraphrase:1Thanks to a uniquely British blend of well-honed tradition, first-rates scholarship, and often, inspired eccentricity, it is in almost every sense a place apart,.,Due to a distinctively British mixture of well-developed tradition, first-class scholarship, and, often inspired strange, it is in almost every sense a place that is different.2Students were subject not only to curfews but also to set of arcane statutes dating back in some instances to the Middle Ages and covering everything from the lighting of fires to the carrying of bows arrows.Students have to abbey not only the rule which force them to stay indoors in the evening but also to a series of secret formal rules, some of them dated back to the Middle Ages, for example, from the lighting of fires to the carrying of bows arrows.3It is easy to sympathize with the addled-looking tourist I overheard asking a policeman in a politely strained voice.We are likely to show our sympathy to the confused-looking tourist I often heard asking a policeman in a politely unnatural voice.4In general, I think, the university is perceived as being rather arrogant and aloof, not really part of the wider community.In general, I think, the university is known as being rather proud and cold and unfriendly to the outsiders, not really part of the wider community.5In the leafy district of north Oxford known as Summertown there lives a man who understands the hidden tensions and quiet animosities of Oxford life better than most.There is a man who lives in the leafy district of north Oxford known as Summertown. He understands the hidden tensions and quiet hatred of Oxford life better than most.6Nowhere does the alarming costliness of maintaining ancient fabric become more evident than in what is perhaps the universitys single most important institution, the great Bodleian Library.The Bodleian Library, the universitys only most important institution, is perhaps the most evident in the surprising costliness of maintaining ancient organization.7Obviously there must be more efficient ways of organizing things, but we are stuck with two intractable features: very old buildings and very tight budgets.Obviously, we should find more efficient ways to tackle these things, but we are stuck with two difficult questions; one is the very old buildings and the other is very tight budgets.Unit 3B. Paraphrase the following sentences from the article in your own words.1. Too much has changed in the last 200 years for that to be the case. HeMullermust be absolved from responsibility for the opinions expressed here. (Para. 1)A lot has changed in the past 200 years for what Muller said to be true/ Mullers claim to become true. Muller is not to be responsible for the opinions expressed in this article.2. Our credulity is strained to think that the fear of punishment explains it all. The police would have to be everywhere. (Para. 2)We are too credulous to believe that people behave decently just because they are afraid of punishment/ being punished. Or else every place would have been policed at the time.3. In the course of this tutelage, a human being internalized social norms and develops a consciencean impartial observerwhich is able to measure the behavior of the person by observing himself and the behavior of others by the same standards. (Para. 4)During the course of this kind of teaching/instruction/learning, a person may accept this way of thinking and making it a natural part of his nature/ character. A person also develops a sense of knowing right and wrongwhich is a fair observer and can measure his own behavior and that of others by the same standard.4. Yet it was necessary for reason to discover and support the institutions that directed the passions to universally beneficial ends to be said about this as long as we keep it clearly in mind whether the subject is the invisible hand or the visible hand. (Para. 6)So long as we are sure of whether the subject is the invisible or visible hand, we should use reason to support the social system/ social traditions that directed the passion to the general good purposes5. The history of social institutions, a subject on which Smith wrote with erudition, shows that exclusion or inclusion of those for whom we feel moral sentiments is not fixed once and for all but depends on how we define “us and them.” (Para. 7)The history of social traditions and laws is a subject on which Smith wrote with profound knowledge. It indicates that whether include those who are moral or exclude those who are immoral is not fixed irreversibly, but depends on the definitions we use to divide “us and them”. 6. But the single-minded pursuit of self-interest nevertheless results in the general good, as we all know, because free competition forces prices to the lowest level compatible with the cost of land, labor, and capital. (Para. 9)But the pursuit of interest will lead to the general good purposes, because free competition will force prices to go down to the level correspondent to the cost of labor, land and capital.7. The mercantilists, against whom Smith polemicized, believed that the wealth of nations depended on the accumulation of gold and silver obtained by countries which export more than they import, a result enhanced by monopolies in trade bestowed by the state. (Para. 10)The merchants, whom Smith strongly criticized, believed that the wealth of nations depends on the gold and silver they accumulated through export. The result would be better if the state could give them more monopolies.8. He could know nothing of the inventions that brought about the industrial Revolution, the huge concentration of business, the emergence of trade unions, the periodic waves of unemployment, and the “bads” produced along with the goods, and costs of which had to be paid by somebody. (Para. 16)Adam Smith could not predict what the Industrial Revolution would bring about.9. The two invisible hands are ghostly apparitions of two spheres they represent: the capitalist market and the civil society. The separation of the two is the fatal flaw of modern conservatism. (Para. 17)The two invisible hands represent two different sides: one is the capitalism and the other is the civil socie